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Showing papers in "Cognitive Science in 1981"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results from sorting tasks and protocols reveal that experts and novices begin their problem representations with specifiably different problem categories, and completion of the representations depends on the knowledge associated with the categories.

5,091 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Thomas W. Malone1
TL;DR: A rudimentary theory of intrinsically motivating instruction is developed, based on three categories: challenge, fantasy, and curiosity, which suggests that cognitive curiosity can be aroused by making learners believe their knowledge structures are incomplete, inconsistent, or unparsimonious.

2,169 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors should reject the view that cognititie science is merely a clever ruse dreamed up to gain research funds-that it is nothing more than six disciplines in search of a grant-giving agency.

715 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that there are at least 12 issues that should comprise the study of cognition, and thereby, the field of Cognitive Science, and there need to be a wide variety of behavior before the authors can hope to understand a single class.

375 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The argument is made that in the process of repeated social transmission and use, cultural programs come to take forms which have a good “fit” to the natural capacities and constraints of the human information processing system.

337 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Wendy G. Lehnert1
TL;DR: In order to summarize a story, it is necessary to access a high level analysis of the story that highlights its central concepts, and a technique of memory representation based on plot units appears to provide a rich foundation for that analysis.

327 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It might have been necessary a decade ago to argue for the commonality of the information processes that are employed by such disparate systems as computers and human nervous systems but the evidence for that commonality is now overwhelming, and the remaining questions about the boundaries of cognitive science have more to do with whether there also exist nontrivial commonalities with information processing in genetic systems than with whether men and machines both think.

264 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A production system is presented for performing written subtraction which is consistent with an earlier analysis of the nature of such a cognitive skill and provides an alternative, simpler interpretation of the subtraction errors analysed by Brown and Burton (1978).

213 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An investigation is presented in which a computer simulation model (DIAGNOSER) is used to develop and test predictions for behavior of subjects in a task of medical diagnosis and found form of diagnostic reasoning was similar for all subjects trained in medicine and for the simulation model.

187 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: BACON.3 has shown its generality by rediscovering versions of the ideal gas law, Kepler's third law of planetary motion, Coulomb's law, Ohm'slaw, and Galileo's laws for the pendulum and constant acceleration.

146 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a sketch of a theory of action, which is based on a general theory of intentionality, and introduce a distinction between prior intentions and intentions in actions, and the concept of the experience of acting.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The central thesis is that much of the knowledge about the planning process itself can be formulated in terms of higher-level goals and plans called meta-goals and meta-plans, which can then be used by the same understanding and planning mechanisms that process ordinary goals and Plans.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article propose a vision of the structure of knowledge and processes of learning based upon the particularity of experience, where highly specific cognitive structures are constructed through activities in limited domains of experience.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These arguments involve clarifying certain aspects of knowledge representation crucial to a proper treatment of story understanding that are needed for appropriate criteria for the evaluation of story grammars to be suggested.

Journal ArticleDOI
Eugene Charniak1
TL;DR: The authors show that the case-slot identity theory can explain the difficulty linguists have had in deciding how many cases there are in a given sentence, and that its adoption will place certain interesting, and plausible constraints on the frame and case theories compatible with it.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper describes model building and manipulation in the solution of problems in mechanics by employing a knowledge base representing the semantic content of the particular problem area, and a means-ends search strategy similar to GPS to produce sets of simultaneous equations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results support the central assumption of the Kosslyn-Shwartz model, namely the existence of a fixed resolution analog spatial medium, and when subjects tried to include all details, it actually took longest to form images of complex objects at small sizes.