Showing papers in "Cognitive Science in 2002"

TL;DR: It is found that students who explained their steps during problem-solving practice with a Cognitive Tutor learned with greater understanding compared to students who did not explain steps and were more successful on transfer problems.

TL;DR: The goal-activation model presented here analyzes goal-directed cognition in terms of the general memory constructs of activation and associative priming, and implications for understanding intention superiority, postcompletion error, and effects of task interruption are discussed.

TL;DR: The mechanisms behind the initial confidence and behind overconfidence, the illusion of depth with explanatory knowledge, and the roles of intuitive theories in models of concepts and cognition are explored.

TL;DR: Differences emerged against a background of similar reasoning tendencies across cultures in the absence of conflict between formal and intuitive strategies.

TL;DR: For instance, this paper found that the percentage of time spent fixating a specific location during perception was highly correlated with the time spent on the same (empty) locations during imagery.

TL;DR: The model predicts the categorization of temporally changing event intervals into discrete metrical categories, as well as the perceptual salience of deviations from these categories, and suggests that perception of temporal regularity in complex musical sequences is based on temporal expectancies that adapt in response to temporally fluctuating input.

TL;DR: This paper presented a series of three analyses of young children's linguistic input to determine the distributional information it could plausibly offer to the process of grammatical category learning, and showed that a distributional analysis which categorizes words based on their co-occurrence patterns with surrounding words successfully categorizes the majority of nouns and verbs.

TL;DR: A novel dual-pathway architecture with event semantics is proposed and shown to be better at symbolic generalization than several variants.

TL;DR: The simplicity model predicts that people would prefer the categories for a set of novel items that provide the simplest encoding of these items, and distinguishes it from other models in unsupervised categorization where the number of categories sought is determined via a free parameter.

TL;DR: A developmental learning process that warps the perceptual space to enhance the encoding of distinctions relevant for own-race faces is suggested, which limits the quality of face representations for other- race faces.

TL;DR: The ecological rationality of PROBEX is investigated and it is found that it compares favorably with Take-The-Best and multiple regression and takes into account speed and frugality in a psychologically plausible way.

TL;DR: In this article, the task of bridging this gap is analyzed in terms of Newell's (1990) bands of cognition, the Biological, Cognitive, Rational, and Social Bands.

TL;DR: Two factors, individuals' activeness in choosing and confirming the initial strategies and the frequent role exchange between task-doing and monitoring in collaborative situations, interact in collaboration to generate various solutions differing in the degree of abstraction, which are reflected upon by the participants to lead them to abstraction.

TL;DR: The classic Tower of Hanoi puzzle is used to validate the claim that gesture and speech taken together can reflect the activation of two cognitive strategies within a single response.

TL;DR: Analysis of verbal protocols and work scratchings showed that the AVOW diagram group, in contrast to the equations group, acquired a coherently organised network of concepts, learnt effective problem solving procedures, and experienced more positive learning events.

TL;DR: It is argued that bottom-up, associative learning systems with distributed representations are appropriate for modeling the operation of short-term visual memory in early perceptual category learning.

TL;DR: Four experiments examined the strategies that individuals develop in sentential reasoning and discovered five different strategies, according to the theory proposed in the paper, which depends on component tactics, which all normal adults possess, and which are based on mental models.

TL;DR: In this article, a biologically-based computational model of prefrontal cortex (PFC) was proposed to explain the role of PFC in task switching in terms of the greater flexibility conferred by activation-based working memory representations in PFC.

TL;DR: The dynamical effects observed in this study suggest that predictive judgments regarding the possibility or impossibility of a certain action can be understood in terms of dynamically evolving basins of attraction instead of as depending on representational structures.

TL;DR: Research that extends Resnik's initial work is surveyed, the strengths and weaknesses of each approach are discussed, and how they together form a cohesive line of research are shown.

TL;DR: The authors found that young children in both the United States and Taiwan are sensitive to the constraints imposed by the diversity principle on judgments of probability and evidential strength, and concluded that children’s inductive methodology qualified them as little scientists.

TL;DR: The errors listed below occurred during the processing of the above-referenced paper as discussed by the authors, and the publisher regrets that the errors listed above occurred during a processing process of the paper.

TL;DR: A biologically-based computational model of prefrontal cortex (PFC) is presented that explains its role in task switching in terms of the greater flexibility conferred by activation-based working memory representations in PFC, as compared with more slowly adapting weight-based memory mechanisms.

TL;DR: This paper shows how to define probability distributions over linguistically realistic syntactic structures in a way that permits us to define language learning and language comprehension as statistical problems, and develops a “pseudo-likelihood” estimation procedure that overcomes some of these problems.

TL;DR: The authors used an experimental speech production task with adults and found that overtensing errors, where a tensed verb is used in place of an infinitive, predominantly involve irregular forms, but that the differences may be due to phonological confounds, not to regularity per se.

TL;DR: This paper develops a full statistical framework for lexicalized syntax and proposes a measure of prior probability, often called lexical redundancy rules, that underlies the patterns of regular and irregular syntactic constructions listed in the lexicon.

TL;DR: A preliminary feasibility study of one model class: loosely coupled HMMs is presented, and an approximate algorithm giving performance which is almost always statistically indistinguishable from the exact algorithm is identified, making more extensive research computationally feasible.

TL;DR: In 1994—about six years after it was first infiltrated by statistical methods—the Association for Computational Li nguistics hosted a workshop called “The Balancing Act: Combining Symbolic and Statistical Approaches to Language”, arguing that linguistics and statistics were not fundamentally at odds.