Showing papers in "Cognitive Science in 2016"

TL;DR: This study investigates interpersonal processes underlying dialog by comparing two approaches, interactive alignment and interpersonal synergy, and assesses how they predict collective performance in a joint task, suggesting that structural organization at the level of the interaction plays a crucial role in task-oriented conversations.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that people vary in systematic ways, and that this variability is idiosyncratic-the dimensions of variability in one face do not generalize well to another, and this framework provides an explanation for various effects in face recognition.

TL;DR: This work presents a meta-modelling framework for estimating goals and joint intentions in social interaction that combines explicit and implicit goals, as well as implications for future research in this area.

TL;DR: It is argued that a framework involving semantic pointers can provide a unified account of conceptual phenomena, and this framework is compared to existing alternatives in accounting for the scope, content, recursive combination, and neural implementation of concepts.

TL;DR: Examining the relationship between performance in an ALL task and second language learning ability shows that success in ALL experiments, particularly more complex artificial languages, correlates positively with indices of L2 learning even after controlling for IQ.

TL;DR: This work proposes a Bayesian network as an appropriate normative framework for the argument form, enabling the development and testing of quantitative predictions as to how people evaluate this argument, and demonstrates that such an approach might be beneficial to argumentation research generally.

TL;DR: It is shown that although adults explicitly discriminate supernatural minds from human minds, their implicit responses reveal far less discrimination, and it is demonstrated that children's religious cognition often matches adults' implicit responses, revealing anthropomorphic notions of God's mind.

TL;DR: This work frames the problem of optimally selecting teaching actions using a decision-theoretic approach and shows how to formulate teaching as a partially observable Markov decision process planning problem, and presents approximate methods for finding optimal teaching actions, given the large state and action spaces that arise in teaching.

TL;DR: It is found that uncertainty about the full structure, but not about the next step, was a significant predictor of processing difficulty: Greater reduction in uncertainty was correlated with increased reading times (RTs), suggesting that both surprisal and uncertainty affect human RTs.

TL;DR: Two visual world experiments investigated the processing of the implicature associated with some using a "gumball paradigm" and found Scalar implicatures were delayed relative to the interpretation of literal statements with all only when number terms were available.

TL;DR: This work tested whether analogical training could help children learn a key principle of elementary engineering-namely, the use of a diagonal brace to stabilize a structure, and indicates that even a single brief analogical comparison can confer insight.

TL;DR: It is found that individuals' patterns of spontaneous physical rotations did not follow patterns of performance costs or benefits associated with being physically rotated, findings difficult to reconcile with existing theories of strategy selection involving external resources.

TL;DR: It is argued that semantic pointers are uniquely well-suited to providing a biologically plausible account of the structured representations that underwrite human cognition.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the relationship between the representations learned by deep neural networks and human psychological representations recovered from similarity judgments and find that deep features learned in service of object classification account for a significant amount of the variance in human similarity judgments for a set of animal images.

TL;DR: People are better able to tell valid from invalid arguments when the arguments are someone else's rather than their own, without being overly critical.

TL;DR: This work is the first, to the knowledge, to integrate a computational model of general language understanding and humor theory to quantitatively predict humor at a fine‐grained level and is presented as an example of a framework for applying models of language processing to understand higher level linguistic and cognitive phenomena.

TL;DR: Results from three self-paced reading experiments are presented which show that Dutch native speakers also do not show the grammaticality illusion in Dutch, whereas both German and Dutchnative speakers do show the illusion when reading English sentences, providing evidence against working memory constraints as an explanation for the observed effect in English.

TL;DR: It is found that expertise increases confidence in the ability to explain a wide variety of phenomena, but this confidence is unwarranted; after actually offering full explanations, people are surprised by the limitations in their understanding.

TL;DR: The Tolerance Principle appears to capture a basic principle of generalization in rule formation, as children exposed to 5 regular forms and 4 exceptions generalized, applying the regular form to 100% of novel test words.

TL;DR: This work introduces a novel approach to deep meta-reinforcement learning, which is a system that is trained using one RL algorithm, but whose recurrent dynamics implement a second, quite separate RL procedure.

TL;DR: It is proposed that rhythm has the potential to enhance interpersonal motor coupling, which might serve as a mechanism behind its facilitation of positive social attitudes.

TL;DR: These results provide first support for the hypothesis that the metaphorical representation of time, and perhaps other abstract domains as well, involves the continuous co-activation of multiple metaphors rather than the selection of only one.

TL;DR: Support is provided for the first view of linguistic information: the contrast in implausible contexts can only be explained if there is a presupposition-assertion distinction and accommodation is a mechanism dedicated to reasoning about presuppositions.

TL;DR: This work asks whether guiding a learner's movements can have a delayed effect on learning, setting the stage for change that comes about only after instruction, suggesting a "sleeper effect of gesture on learning".

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of iconicity and human cognitive learning biases in the emergence of combinatorial structure in artificial whistled languages are studied to gain insight into when and how words may lose their iconic origins when they become part of an organized linguistic system.

TL;DR: Overall, it is argued that God is conceptualized not as a person in general but as an agent in particular, attributed a mind by default but attributed a body only upon further consideration.

TL;DR: Multicultural color preferences were intermediate between U.S. and Japanese preferences, consistent with the hypothesis that culturally specific personal experiences during one's lifetime influence color preferences.

TL;DR: Examination of how far university students accurately judge experts' pertinence for science topics even when they lack proficient knowledge of the domain showed that participants made well-calibrated pertinence judgments regardless of their level of general science knowledge.

TL;DR: The SPoARC effect, where to-be-remembered items presented centrally on a screen seemed to acquire a left-to-right spatial dimension, is adapted using an auditory version of Sternberg's paradigm to allow a generalization of this effect.

TL;DR: Any successful account of the development of verb inflection will need to incorporate both (a) rote-storage and retrieval of individual inflected forms and (b) phonological analogy across them.