Showing papers in "Communications of The ACM in 2002"
TL;DR: Concepts that can help organizations develop usable data quality metrics are described that are suitable for use in practice and not just on a whim.
Abstract: How good is a company's data quality? Answering this question requires usable data quality metrics. Currently, most data quality measures are developed on an ad hoc basis to solve specific problems [6, 8], and fundamental principles necessary for developing usable metrics in practice are lacking. In this article, we describe principles that can help organizations develop usable data quality metrics.
1,566 citations
TL;DR: Millions of computer owners worldwide contribute computer time to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, performing the largest computation ever.
Abstract: Millions of computer owners worldwide contribute computer time to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, performing the largest computation ever.
1,445 citations
TL;DR: Explosing common misuses of the subsumption relationship and the formal basis for why they are wrong and how to stop them.
Abstract: Explosing common misuses of the subsumption relationship and the formal basis for why they are wrong.
825 citations
TL;DR: There is a critical need for a methodology that assesses how well organizations develop information products and deliver information services to consumers, and Benchmarks developed from such a methodology can help compare information quality across organizations, and provide a baseline for assessing IQ improvements.
Abstract: Information quality (IQ) is an inexact science in terms of assessment and benchmarks. Although various aspects of quality and information have been investigated [1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 12], there is still a critical need for a methodology that assesses how well organizations develop information products and deliver information services to consumers. Benchmarks developed from such a methodology can help compare information quality across organizations, and provide a baseline for assessing IQ improvements.
804 citations
TL;DR: This paper argues that online relationships are less valuable than offline ones and their net benefit depends on whether they supplement or substitute for offline social relationships.
Abstract: Online relationships are less valuable than offline ones. Indeed, their net benefit depends on whether they supplement or substitute for offline social relationships.
601 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Radical improvements in microprocessor cost-performance ratios have pushed this process forward while drastically reducing computing-device form factors, enabling us to embed computers in many parts of the authors' environments.
Abstract: A fundamental measure of progress in computing involves rendering it as an inseparable part of our everyday experience while simultaneously making it disappear [2]. Radical improvements in microprocessor cost-performance ratios have pushed this process forward while drastically reducing computing-device form factors, enabling us to embed computers in many parts of our environments. In 40 years this change has transformed the early large “computing machines” into compact devices that enable, mediate, support, and organize our daily activities.
586 citations
TL;DR: Blending reality and virtuality, these interfaces let users see each other, along with virtual objects, allowing communication behaviors much more like face-to-face than like screen-based collaboration.
Abstract: Blending reality and virtuality, these interfaces let users see each other, along with virtual objects, allowing communication behaviors much more like face-to-face than like screen-based collaboration.
497 citations
TL;DR: Women have yet to welcome Web-based shopping as readily as men, and understanding how men and women view shopping will help vendors address this vital pool of consumers.
Abstract: Women have yet to welcome Web-based shopping as readily as men. A primary factor for this state is how men and women view shopping. Understanding those differences will help vendors address this vital pool of consumers.
493 citations
TL;DR: This talk will review a number of adaptation techniques that have been developed and evaluated in the field of adaptive hypermedia and applied in adaptive Web systems and present several examples of adaptive web systems in different application areas.
Abstract: Web systems suffer from an inability to satisfy heterogeneous needs of many users. A remedy for the negative effects of the traditional “one-size-fits-all” approach is to develop systems with an ability to adapt their behavior to the goals, tasks, interests, and other features of individual users and groups of users. Adaptive Web is a relatively young research area. Started in with a few pioneering works on adaptive hypertext in early 1990, it now attracts many researchers from different communities such as hypertext, user modeling, machine learning, natural language generation, information retrieval, intelligent tutoring systems, cognitive science, and Web-based education. Currently, the established application areas of adaptive Web systems are education, information retrieval, and kiosk-style information systems. A number of more recent projects are also exploring new application areas such as e-commerce, medicine, and tourism. While research-level systems constitute the majority of adaptive Web systems, a few successful industrial systems show the commercial potential of the field. This talk will review a number of adaptation techniques that have been developed and evaluated in the field of adaptive hypermedia and applied in adaptive Web systems. It will also present several examples of adaptive Web systems in different application areas. To answer the conference motto “interaction in motion” the talk will specially address the issue of developing adaptive systems for ubiquitous computing and mobile Web. It will discuss the needs and challenges of “adaptation in motion” and present some known success stories.
471 citations
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TL;DR: A contextual computing approach may prove a breakthrough in personalized search efficiency and lead to a new generation of search engines that combine natural language processing, artificial intelligence, and machine learning.
Abstract: A contextual computing approach may prove a breakthrough in personalized search efficiency.
440 citations
TL;DR: Creating a general ontology characterizing the conduct of knowledge management and its implications for knowledge management is described.
Abstract: Creating a general ontology characterizing the conduct of knowledge management.
TL;DR: Understanding how different cultures use the Net---as well as perceive the same Web sites---can translate to truly global e-commerce.
Abstract: Understanding how different cultures use the Net---as well as perceive the same Web sites---can translate to truly global e-commerce.
TL;DR: What determines if a system implementation will be successful?
Abstract: What determines if a system implementation will be successful?
TL;DR: It's flexible and reconfigurable yet simple for programmers to use, notably for building dynamic distributed applications operating on the Net.
Abstract: It's flexible and reconfigurable yet simple for programmers to use, notably for building dynamic distributed applications operating on the Net.
TL;DR: Designing a search system and interface may best be served by scrutinizing usability studies, and the results can help guide the design and execution of search systems and interfaces.
Abstract: Designing a search system and interface may best be served (and executed) by scrutinizing usability studies.
TL;DR: This work extended an existing desktop game and developed it into the ARQuake system, one of the first systems that allows users to play augmented reality games outdoors—allowing them to move in the physical world, and at the same time experience computer-generated graphical monsters and objects.
Abstract: cially available affordable wearable computers and head-mounted displays (HMDs), it is possible to develop augmented reality entertainment applications suitable for an outdoor environment. We extended an existing desktop game and developed it into the ARQuake system [4], one of the first systems that allows users to play augmented reality games outdoors—allowing them to move in the physical world, and at the same time experience computer-generated graphical monsters and objects. The game we extended was Quake from id Software (see www.idsoftware.com), a firstperson-perspective, shoot-em-up game initially released in 1996. In Quake, the player runs around a virtual world, shooting at monsters, collecting objects, and completing objectives. The game is desktop-based, with the user interacting with it using a monitor, keyboard, and mouse. Although the game is relatively old, the graphics engine is very powerful and runs on a wide range of computing hardware. Recently, id Software released the source code for Quake, making it possible for enthusiasts and researchers to modify the game for their own purposes. Augmented reality (AR) is the process of overlaying and aligning computer-generated images over a user’s view of the physical world. Using a transparent HMD placed on the user’s head, an internal half-silvered mirror combines images from an LCD display with the user’s vision of the world (see Figure 1). By combining this display technology with a wearable computer, it is possible for the user to walk outdoors and visualize graphical objects that are not normally visible. A comprehensive survey article [1] discusses most aspects of this research area. Wayne Piekarski and Bruce Thomas
TL;DR: The goal is business effectiveness through 'verticalization,' usability, and integration with operational systems.
Abstract: The goal is business effectiveness through 'verticalization,' usability, and integration with operational systems.
TL;DR: Considering the implications and consequences of the always-connected lifestyle.
Abstract: Considering the implications and consequences of the always-connected lifestyle.
[...]
TL;DR: The future promises lots of robots in the authors' everyday lives; some, perhaps many, of them could look and behave like people but only if being humanoid represents a technological advantage over their relatively utilitarian counterparts.
Abstract: The future promises lots of robots in our everyday lives; some, perhaps many, of them could look and behave like people but only if being humanoid represents a technological advantage over their relatively utilitarian counterparts.
TL;DR: A search for a better solution to the application integration problem and a new approach to solve the problem.
Abstract: Seeking a better solution to the application integration problem.
TL;DR: A new strategy for teaching introductory computer programming is proposed and a new approach to curriculum design is proposed that aims to improve student understanding of programming.
Abstract: While the phrase “New Economy” doesn’t hold the same promise that it did for the dotcommers a couple years ago, we all still recognize that Information Technology has become the backbone of the world’s economy. The National Science Foundation’s Information Technology Research program was developed in response to the PITAC (1999) report which said as much. Even in the down-turned economy, there are still huge numbers of IT jobs that are going unfilled.
TL;DR: Overwhelmed by the organizational imperative to collect every kind of information available, and finding technical solutions generally miss the point, knowledge workers need to improve their personal capacity for inquiry.
Abstract: Overwhelmed by the organizational imperative to collect every kind of information available, and finding technical solutions generally miss the point, knowledge workers need to improve their personal capacity for inquiry.
TL;DR: Allowing mobile users to access any information at any time from any location, including location-based advertising, is now available.
Abstract: The World Web Wide gives unprecedented access to Newspapers, magazines, shopping catalogs, restaurant guides, and classified ads and other types of information. All this information, however, used to be accessible only while users are tethered to a computer at home or in an office. Wireless data and voice access to this vast store allows unprecedented access to information from any location at any time.
[...]
TL;DR: This research examines whether voice over the Internet can claim a greater share of the worldwide phone market from the voice infrastructure dominated for more than 100 years by the public-switched telephone network.
Abstract: How can voice over the Internet claim a greater share of the worldwide phone market from the voice infrastructure dominated for more than 100 years by the public-switched telephone network?
[...]
IBM1
TL;DR: Examining the emerging field of Web Services and how it is integrated into existing enterprise infrastructures suggests that web services should be considered as an integrated service rather than a standalone product.
Abstract: Examining the emerging field of Web Services and how it is integrated into existing enterprise infrastructures.
TL;DR: Visualizing personal social networks, the system allows users to model and arrange their own in maps of individual contacts and groups, along with the relationships among them.
Abstract: Visualizing personal social networks, the system allows users to model and arrange their own in maps of individual contacts and groups, along with the relationships among them.
TL;DR: Past and future objectives remain the same in crises, providing relevant communities collaborative knowledge systems to exchange information.
Abstract: Past and future objectives remain the same in crises, providing relevant communities collaborative knowledge systems to exchange information.
TL;DR: This survey earmarked several application classes that benefit from using ontologies, including natural language processing, intelligent information retrieval, virtual organizations, and simulation and modeling.
Abstract: Ontological engineering has garnered increasing attention over the last few years, as researchers have recognized ontologies are not just for knowledge-based systems---all software needs models of the world, and hence can make use of ontologies at design time [1]. A recent survey of the field [4] suggests developers of practical AI systems may especially benefit from their use. This survey earmarked several application classes that benefit from using ontologies, including natural language processing, intelligent information retrieval (especially from the Internet), virtual organizations, and simulation and modeling.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The mass market for computer games, grown even larger than the movie industry, has expropriated the best in computer hardware and software for itself and the most sophisticated rendering pipelines are now found not on specialized scientific machines but on PC video cards costing less than $500.
Abstract: Six-figure workstations and custom software are not producing the best graphics or virtual reality simulations anymore. Today, the only way to have the fastest, most realistic simulations and sophisticated graphics is to trade down from the expensive gear to standard PCs running game software. Virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and high-fidelity physical simulation have long posed too high a barrier to entry for any but the most generously funded researchers. Significant advances in computer graphics in these areas have traditionally depended on expensive, specialized graphics hardware running on scientific workstations. Highfidelity simulation/graphics software has also remained an expensive niche market largely the province of the military and high-end VR labs seeking to drive costly peripherals such as Caves, datagloves, and head-mounted displays (HMDs). In the past two years, however, the situation has changed remarkably. Now the mass market for computer games, grown even larger than the movie industry, has expropriated the best in computer hardware and software for itself. The most sophisticated rendering pipelines are now found not on specialized scientific machines but on PC video cards costing less than $500. The most sophisticated, responsive interactive simulations are now found in the engines built to power games. Despite the stigma of violence and gore associated with first-person games, there has been a long history of unpublicized cooperation between computer scientists and the game industry [1, 2]. Games have provided the first and sometimes the only market for advanced graphics techniques, demonstrating the extent to which realism could be conjured up even from relatively weak graphics SERIOUS COMPUTATIONAL