Showing papers in "Communications of The ACM in 2006"
TL;DR: In this paper, a universally applicable attitude and skill set for computer science is presented, which is a set of skills and attitudes that everyone would be eager to learn and use, not just computer scientists.
Abstract: It represents a universally applicable attitude and skill set everyone, not just computer scientists, would be eager to learn and use.
4,819 citations
TL;DR: Research tools critical for exploratory search success involve the creation of new interfaces that move the process beyond predictable fact retrieval.
Abstract: Research tools critical for exploratory search success involve the creation of new interfaces that move the process beyond predictable fact retrieval.
1,493 citations
TL;DR: It is argued for a services science discipline to integrate across academic silos and advance service innovation more rapidly to improve scientific understanding of modern services.
Abstract: The services sector has grown over the last 50 years to dominate economic activity in most advanced industrial economies, yet scientific understanding of modern services is rudimentary Here, we argue for a services science discipline to integrate across academic silos and advance service innovation more rapidly
1,089 citations
IBM1
TL;DR: The four examples here document some of the early efforts to establish a new academic discipline and new profession.
Abstract: Computer scientists work with formal models of algorithms and computation, and someday service scientists may work with formal models of service systems. The four examples here document some of the early efforts to establish a new academic discipline and new profession.
571 citations
TL;DR: Developing a platform for recording, storing, and accessing a personal lifetime archive for individuals to record, store, and access their history.
Abstract: MyLifeBits is a system that began in 2001 to explore the use of SQL to store all personal information found in PCs. The system initially focused on capturing and storing scanned and encoded archival material e.g. articles, books, music, photos, and video as well as everything born digital e.g. office documents, email, digital photos. It evolved to have a goal of storing everything that could be captured. The later included web pages, phone calls, meetings, room conversations, keystrokes and mouse clicks for every active screen or document, and all the 1-2 thousand photos that SenseCam captures every day. In 2006 the software platform is used for research including real time data collection, advanced SenseCams, and particular applications e.g. health and wellness. This article expands on the January 2006, CACM publication of the same name. MyLifeBits features, functions, and use experience are given in the main body, followed by an appendix of future research and product needs that the research has identified.
543 citations
TL;DR: Latency determines not only how players experience online gameplay but also how to design the games to mitigate its effects and meet player expectations.
Abstract: Latency determines not only how players experience online gameplay but also how to design the games to mitigate its effects and meet player expectations.
537 citations
TL;DR: Striking a balance between the costs for Web content providers and the quality of service for Web customers is a challenge.
Abstract: Striking a balance between the costs for Web content providers and the quality of service for Web customers.
458 citations
TL;DR: Both approaches to clustering and faceted categorization are described and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized based on the results of usability studies.
Abstract: Information seekers often express a desire for a user interface that organizes search results into meaningful groups, in order to help make sense of the results, and to help decide what to do next. A longitudinal study in which participants were provided with the ability to group search results found they changed their search habits in response to having the grouping mechanism available [2]. There are many open research questions about how to generate useful groupings and how to design interfaces to support exploration using grouping. Currently two methods are quite popular: clustering and faceted categorization. Here, I describe both approaches and summarize their advantages and disadvantages based on the results of usability studies. Clustering refers to the grouping of items according to some measure of similarity. In document clustering, similarity is typically computed using associations and commonalities among features, where features are typically words and phrases [1]. One of the better implementations of clustering of Web results can be found at Clusty.com. The greatest advantage of clustering is that it is fully automatable and can be easily applied to any text collection. Clustering can also reveal interesting and potentially unexpected or new trends in a group of documents. A query on “New Orleans”’ run on Clusty.com on Sept. 16, 2005 (shortly after the devastation wreaked by Hurricane Katrina), revealed a top-ranked cluster titled Hurricane, followed by the more standard groupings of Hotels, Louisiana, University, and Mardi Gras. Clustering can be useful for clarifying and sharpening a vague query, by showing users the dominant themes of the returned results [2]. Clustering also works well for disambiguating ambiguous queries; particularly acronyms. For example, ACL can stand for Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Association for Computational Linguistics, Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, among others. Unfortunately, because clustering algorithms are imperfect, they do not neatly group all occurrences of each acronym into one cluster, nor do they allow users to issue follow-up queries that only return documents from the intended sense (for example, “ACL meeting” will return meetings for multiple senses of the term). By Marti A. Hearst
434 citations
TL;DR: Sifting through vast collections of unstructured or semistructured data beyond the reach of data mining tools, text mining tracks information sources, links isolated concepts in distant documents, maps relationships between activities, and helps answer questions.
Abstract: Sifting through vast collections of unstructured or semistructured data beyond the reach of data mining tools, text mining tracks information sources, links isolated concepts in distant documents, maps relationships between activities, and helps answer questions.
408 citations
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TL;DR: Many UML projects are not Use Case driven, so it is important to understand why this is the case.
Abstract: Many UML projects are not Use Case driven.
405 citations
TL;DR: Pair programming produces more proficient, confident programmers---and may help increase female representation in the field.
Abstract: Pair programming produces more proficient, confident programmers---and may help increase female representation in the field.
TL;DR: Three organizations studied here suggest the answer is "yes," when the unique characteristics of both environments are successfully blended.
Abstract: Three organizations studied here suggest the answer is "yes," when the unique characteristics of both environments are successfully blended.
TL;DR: This website delivers the matching song, as well as related music information, of immediate interest to the user through a query-by-example music sample.
Abstract: Guided by a user's query-by-example music sample, it delivers the matching song, as well as related music information, of immediate interest to the user.
TL;DR: Using a server-side architecture to connect specialized enforcement mechanisms with usage control requirements and policies and to provide real-time information about usage control policies.
Abstract: Using a server-side architecture to connect specialized enforcement mechanisms with usage control requirements and policies.
TL;DR: Integrating personal health information helps people manage their lives and actively participate in their own health care as discussed by the authors. But, it is not always easy to find the best information for individual health care.
Abstract: Integrating personal health information helps people manage their lives and actively participate in their own health care.
TL;DR: The frequent citations to IS research suggest its role in advancing science and the need to be aware of its potential for violence.
Abstract: The frequent citations to IS research suggest its role in advancing science.
TL;DR: Email's conduit function means the inbox, folders, search, and sort are used to support core PIM functions of task management, personal archiving, and contact management.
Abstract: Email's conduit function means the inbox, folders, search, and sort are used to support core PIM functions of task management, personal archiving, and contact management.
TL;DR: This work shows how feature models can be reduced to propositional formulas or to constraint satisfaction problems, for which off-the-shelf tools can validate properties of models or optimize the selection of features.
Abstract: Current tool support for feature models is ad hoc, offering little or no support for debugging feature models or optimizing feature selections. Recent work shows how feature models can be reduced to propositional formulas or to constraint satisfaction problems, for which off-the-shelf tools can validate properties of models (e.g., confirming that a given set of features are incompatible or compatible) or to optimize the selection of features (e.g., performance) [1][2][4]. This opens up new possibilities for next-generation tools for specifying products in software product lines.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose to reduce feature models to propositional formulas or to constraint satisfaction problems, for which off-the-shelf tools can validate properties of models and optimize the selection of features.
Abstract: A feature is an increment in product functionality. Features are commonly used to specify and distinguish products in product lines [8]. They communicate product functions in an easy-to-understand way, capture functionalities concisely, and help delineate the commonalities and variabilities of a domain. Features can have attributes (much like graphical user interface components can be customized by property lists), where the values of certain attributes are computed from the properties of other features (for example, the cost of a product is the sum of the costs of its constituent features). Features also often have constraints on their usage: the selection of one feature may preclude or require the selection of others. Current tool support for feature models is ad hoc, offering little or no support for debugging feature models or optimizing feature selections. Recent work shows how feature models can be reduced to propositional formulas or to constraint satisfaction problems, for which off-the-shelf tools can validate properties of models (such as confirming that a given set of features is incompatible or compatible) or to optimize the selection of features (for example, performance) [1, 2, 4, 5, 10]. This opens up new possibilities for next-generation tools for specifying products in software product lines.
TL;DR: A two-construct taxonomy is used to define the essential elements of object orientation through analysis of existing literature.
Abstract: A two-construct taxonomy is used to define the essential elements of object orientation through analysis of existing literature.
TL;DR: Online communities deserve better than their current treatment---where they are largely relegated to the fringes of health care.
Abstract: Online communities deserve better than their current treatment---where they are largely relegated to the fringes of health care.
TL;DR: Reconsidering the relevancy of a frequently cited report on software project failures finds it necessary to reconsider the importance of the report's findings.
Abstract: Reconsidering the relevancy of a frequently cited report on software project failures.
TL;DR: Software evolution, iterative, and agile development represent a fundamental departure from the previous waterfall-based paradigm of software engineering.
Abstract: Software evolution, iterative, and agile development represent a fundamental departure from the previous waterfall-based paradigm of software engineering.
TL;DR: A computing-driven revolution is under way in the global economy guided by the principle that every business must become a service business in order to survive.
Abstract: A computing-driven revolution is under way in the global economy guided by the principle that every business must become a service business in order to survive.
TL;DR: An ERP upgrade is deceptively complex and can be daunting---especially for organizations ignorant of the massive effort required to do it correctly.
Abstract: An ERP upgrade is deceptively complex and can be daunting---especially for organizations ignorant of the massive effort required to do it correctly.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Identifying the key features to help identify and trace online authorship are identified.
Abstract: Identifying the key features to help identify and trace online authorship.
TL;DR: The goal of the Semantic Web is to develop the basis for intelligent applications that enable more efficient information use by not just providing a set of linked documents but a collection of knowledge repositories.
Abstract: he Web has been extremely successful in enabling information sharing among a seemingly unlimited number of people worldwide. The evergrowing amount of documents on the Web, however, results in information overload and often makes it difficult to discover the information that is relevant. The goal of the Semantic Web is to develop the basis for intelligent applications that enable more efficient information use by not just providing a set of linked documents but a collection of knowledge repositories T THE PRAGMATIC WEB: AMANIFESTO By Mareike Schoop, Aldo de Moor, and Jan L.G. Dietz