Showing papers in "Comparative Haematology International in 2014"
TL;DR: The results in this work show that Kombucha tea and probiotic supplements in feed display growth promoting effects similar to those of traditional antibiotics; therefore, these products might be alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters.
Abstract: A feeding trial was conducted to study the effects of alternative antimicrobial growth promoters (probiotic, Kombucha tea, and green tea powder) in wet, wheat-based diets on broiler performance, carcass yield, organ weights, immune response, and histomorphological measurements of the small intestine. One hundred and sixty-one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments for 6 weeks. The dietary treatments were: (a) control (1.2 g water/gram of dry feed), (b) control diet supplemented with 1 g/kg probiotic (8 × 105 colony forming units (CFU) of Bacillus subtilis/gram), (c) control diet plus 1.2 g/kg diet Kombucha tea (20 % concentration), and (d) control diet plus 10 g/kg green tea powder. The body weight and feed intake were significantly (P < 0.05) increased by the dietary inclusion of the Kombucha tea compared to the control and green tea-fed broilers. However, an improvement in performance traits was observed in broilers fed with the probiotics. Plasma lipids of birds fed the green tea powder diet consisted of lower cholesterol and TG and higher HDL than those of control birds. Protein digestibility was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for birds given the Kombucha tea supplement compared to that of the control birds. The probiotic diet increased (P < 0.05) the villus height/crypt depth ratio and the villus height in the duodenum. Overall, the results in this work show that Kombucha tea and probiotic supplements in feed display growth promoting effects similar to those of traditional antibiotics; therefore, these products might be alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters.
58 citations
TL;DR: The results suggested that enzyme supplementation caused significant improvement on growth performance and feed utilisation in Caspian salmon.
Abstract: Recent increases in feed ingredient costs have motivated the fisheries industry to identify technologies that will improve feed utilisation and reduce the cost per pound of gain. The effects of two supplemental exogenous enzymes (Natuzyme® and Hemicell®) on the growth performance in Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) were examined over an 8-week feeding trial. After the experimental period, the survival rate ranged from 91.33 ± 1.15 % in controls to 96.67 ± 1.15 % in the group that received 0.5 g Natuzyme® kg−1 + 0.5 g Hemicell® kg−1 (NH) in their diet and there was a statistical difference between experimental and control groups (p 0.05). The results suggested that enzyme supplementation caused significant improvement on growth performance and feed utilisation in Caspian salmon.
57 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that selenium NPs have more anti-leishmanial properties and less cytotoxic effects than SeO2 against L. infantum.
Abstract: Leishmania infantum is one of the important causes of visceral leishmaniasis in many countries. There are different complications for treatment of leishmaniasis such as toxicity and drug resistant. So far, there isn't any information about the effects of selenium nanoparticles and selenium dioxide (chemical form of selenium) on Leishman- ia parasites; hence, the aim of the present study is to inves- tigate in vitro effects of six dilutions of these drugs on L. infantum. Anti-leishmanial activities were studied by adding different dilutions of 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml of the drugs into promastigote cultures. Promastigote cytotoxicity was tested using the colorimetric MTT assay. Anti-amastigote activity was assessed in peritoneal macro- phages of BALB/c mice. Also, cytotoxic effect of these drugs was evaluated onuninfected macrophages. Theresults showed that both of drugs have dose-dependent anti-leishmanial activities. Selenium NPs have more growth-inhibitory effect on promastigotes than SeO2; while the IC50 (50 % inhibitory concentration) was determined to be 25 and 50 μg/ml, respec- tively. The mean numbers of amastigotes per macrophage in selenium NPs-treated groups were less than SeO2-treated and control groups. The IC50 of selenium NPs was 10 μg/ml and SeO2 was 25 μg/ml for amastigotes. Also, the IC50 of seleni- um NPs andSeO2for uninfected macrophageswere calculated to be 100 and 50 μg/ml, respectively. In addition, selenium NPs has less cytotoxic effect than SeO2 on uninfected macro- phages. These findings suggest that selenium NPs have more
48 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that A. absinthium treatment exhibits a significant antihyperglycemic effect without altering the body weight and can correct some biochemical markers induced by diabetes in a similar manner to glibenclamide treatment.
Abstract: The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of Artemisia absinthium (A. absinthium) ethanol extract on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Forty-eight albino rats (300 g) were used in this experiment and divided into six groups. Diabetes was induced in five rat groups by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight). After hyperglycemia was confirmed, one group was considered as diabetic control and one group was treated with glibenclamide (10 mg/kg body weight/ daily) where the remaining three groups received daily treatments with three different doses of A. absinthium extract (250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg body weight) for 10 days each dissolved in 0.2 ml distilled water was administered intraperitoneally to each corresponding rat group. Blood serum biochemical markers such as urea, creatinine, cholesterol, and total serum protein levels were recorded after the treatment ended. Findings indicate that treatment with medium and high doses of A. absinthium extract (500 and 1,000 mg/kg/body weight) reduces blood sugar values to significant levels (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) in rats after 7 and 10 days of treatment when compared with diabetic control alloxan-induced rats in a similar fusion as in glibenclamide treatment (P < 0.001). All elevated blood serum markers induced by the alloxan treatment were reduced to significant levels in rats treated with A. absinthium at both medium and high doses (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) and also after glibenclamide treatment (P < 0.001). We can conclude that A. absinthium treatment exhibits a significant antihyperglycemic effect without altering the body weight and can correct some biochemical markers induced by diabetes in a similar manner to glibenclamide treatment.
36 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that zinc supplementation in rats prior to glyphosate exposure ameliorated the histopathological changes observed in the stomach, liver, kidney, brain, pancreas and spleen with no observable alteration in the histoarchitecture in the organs of the zinc-supplemented rats.
Abstract: A subchronic toxicity study was carried out to determine the glyphosate-induced histopathological changes in the stomach, liver, kidney, brain, pancreas and spleen of rats and the attendant ameliorative effect when pretreated with zinc at the dose rate of 50 mg/kg body weight. The rats were exposed to two doses of the glyphosate (375 and 14.4 mg/kg body weight) for the period of 8 weeks which was the duration of the study, and some groups were exposed to the glyphosate after pretreatment with zinc. The histopathological changes recorded during the study were only in the rats exposed to the glyphosate at the dose rate of 375 mg/kg body weight except the vacuolation encountered in the brains and haemosiderosis in the spleens of rats exposed to zinc alone. Degenerated mucosal epithelial cells which involved the muscularis mucosa and the glands in the stomachs of rats were seen microscopically. Hepatic cells degeneration especially at the portal areas of the livers of rats was observed. The histopathological examination of the kidneys showed glomerular degeneration, mononuclear cells infiltration into the interstices of the tubules and tubular necrosis. The conspicuous changes seen in the brains were neuronal degeneration. Pancreatic acinar cells were degenerated while the spleen of the rats showed depopulated splenic cells in both the red and the white pulps. It was concluded that zinc supplementation in rats prior to glyphosate exposure ameliorated the histopathological changes observed in the stomach, liver, kidney, brain, pancreas and spleen with no observable alteration in the histoarchitecture in the organs of the zinc-supplemented rats.
30 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that camels are an important reservoir of C. burnetii infection in Iran, and accordingly, it seems necessary to evaluate the prevalence for this microorganism in Iran.
Abstract: Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic, obligate intracellular bacterium that caused Q fever. Antibodies to this organism have been reported in a wide range of animals including mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and birds. This study is aimed to detect C. burnetii in camel by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Blood samples from 130 camels were collected between August and September 2011 then examined in laboratory conditions. Detection of the presence of C. burnetii DNA was carried out using a PCR assay with specific primers (Coc-F and Coc-R) targeting the 16S ribosomalRNA gene (242 bp). In this study, a total of 14 (10.76 %) camel blood samples were found PCR positive for C. burnetii. This result proves that camels are an important reservoir of C. burnetii infection. This study showed relatively high positivity of C. burnetii in Iranians camels, and accordingly, it seems necessary to evaluate the prevalence for this microorganism in Iran.
28 citations
TL;DR: The threat of ectoparasites on overall productivity of goats and the tanning industry warrants detail studies and urgent control intervention, and the importance of goats as alternative hosts in different agroecology and management systems in Ethiopia is recommended.
Abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for ectoparasites infestation in 979 goats in three agroecologies in central Oromia, Ethiopia from October 2009 through April 2010. The results of the study showed that of the total goats examined 487 (49.7 %) of them were infested with one or more ectoparasites. The ectoparasites identified were (16.5 %) Linognathus spp., 8.8 % Sarcoptes, 5 % Ctenocephalides spp. 11.8 % Amblyomma variegatum, 5.9 % Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, 4.3 % Rhipicephalus pravus, 1.6 % Boophilus decoloratus, 1.8 % Rhipicephalus sanguineus, 1.3 % Rhipicephalus praetextatus, and 0.4 % Hyalomma truncatum. Statistically significant (OR = 0.477, p = 0.000) difference was observed in prevalence of Linognathus stenopsis among highland, lowland and midland. Significantly higher prevalence of tick infestation in the lowland than both the midland and highland agroecology was recorded. The risk of tick infestations in lowland and midland was 2.841 and 5.635 times, respectively, higher than in highlands. Age-related variation was not observed in the prevalence of both Linognathus and tick infestations in examined goats. Significantly (OR = 7.864, p = 0.000) higher prevalence of sarcoptic mange in the lowland than the midland was observed. Goats in lowland were 7.864 times at higher risk for sarcoptic mange than those in the midlands. Sex-related variation in the prevalence of ectoparasites was never recorded in goats. Significantly higher prevalence of sarcoptic mange (OR = 0.266, p = 0.000) and Ctenocephalides spp. (OR = 2.430, p = 0.005) on young than adult goats was recorded. The logistic regression results showed statistically significant difference in prevalence of tick infestations (OR = 0.565, p = 0.000) and sarcoptic mange (OR = 0.582, p = 0.003) between goats with poor and good body condition. Further studies on role of ectoparasites in transmission of diseases to goats, comparative prevalence and load, and the importance of goats as alternative hosts in different agroecology and management systems in Ethiopia are recommended so as to design applicable control program in the country. Furthermore, the threat of ectoparasites on overall productivity of goats and the tanning industry warrants detail studies and urgent control intervention.
27 citations
TL;DR: Chitosan-TPP nanoparticles can be used as a dual-function agent in clinical immunotherapy methods aiming at using them in drug and gene delivery as well as in potentiating immune responses.
Abstract: Nanoparticles can decrease the defects of usual drug and gene delivery systems. Chitosan is a low-toxicity, biodegradable, biocompatible, and safe polymer which is used in the production of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles including chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) can affect the immune cells including dendritic cells (DCs) as the most potent antigen-presenting cells with a pivotal role in both humoral and cellular immunity. For efficient antigen presentation, DCs need to become mature and express high levels of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II) as well as costimulatory molecules, including CD40 and CD86 molecules. In this study, we investigated the effects of chitosan-TPP nanoparticles on DC maturation and function. Chitosan-TPP was synthesized by ionotropic gelation methods from chitosan and TPP salt, and DCs were isolated from mouse spleen using the magnetic cell separation method. DCs were treated with chitosan-TPP nanoparticles during an overnight cell culture and phenotypic and functional characteristics of chitosan-TPP-treated DCs were evaluated by flow cytometric analysis. Our results showed that chitosan-TPP induced DC maturation. Moreover, chitosan-TPP-treated DCs were shown to be efficient inducers of T cell proliferation in allogenic mixed lymphocyte reaction. Indeed, chitosan-TPP as an adjuvant is able to induce DC maturation which is a vital step in efficient antigen presentation and activation of the immune system. Thus, chitosan-TPP nanoparticles can be used as a dual-function agent in clinical immunotherapy methods aiming at using them in drug and gene delivery as well as in potentiating immune responses.
26 citations
TL;DR: Overall, oral pretreatment with betaine significantly prevented ethanol-induced oxidative stress and hyperhomocysteinemia via increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and decreasing tHcy concentration, and betaine may be recommended as a therapeutic agent for patients with liver damages induced by oxidative stress in various diseases.
Abstract: Oxidative stress is one hypothesis for the association of ethanol consumption with cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and liver diseases. Thus, we examined whether oral betaine can act as a preventive agent in ethanol-induced oxidative stress on the rat liver. A total of 32 male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups. The control group received normal saline. The ethanol group was administered ethanol (4 g/kg). The betaine group received betaine [1.5 % (w/w) of the total diet], and the betaine plus ethanol group (Bet. & Eth.) were administered with betaine; after 120 min, the rats received ethanol. All of the treatments were applied for 2 months via gavage. Elevation of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were observed in the betaine-treated groups. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS, an indicator of lipid peroxidation) concentration also decreased in the betaine-treated rats as compared to the ethanol group. There was also a significant reduction in plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration in the betaine and Bet. & Eth. groups as compared to the ethanol-treated rats. In contrast, ethanol treatment in rats resulted in significant lower antioxidant enzyme activities (GPx and SOD), and indicated lipid peroxidation to the liver, as monitored by the elevation in TBARS level. Administration of ethanol to rats also induced toxicity in their liver, as shown by the histopathological findings, whereas betaine could suppress liver damages in the Bet. & Eth. group. Overall, oral pretreatment with betaine significantly prevented ethanol-induced oxidative stress and hyperhomocysteinemia via increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and decreasing tHcy concentration. Thus, betaine may be recommended as a therapeutic agent for patients with liver damages induced by oxidative stress in various diseases.
26 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that subchronic oral exposure to glyphosate caused both hepatic and renal functions toxicity in rats, which were ameliorated by zinc supplementation.
Abstract: A subchronic toxicity study was carried out to assess hepatic and renal functions of rats during oral exposure to glyphosate with zinc for the period of 8 weeks. Forty-eight Wistar rats used for the study were randomized into six groups of eight Wistar rats each, and each group had equal number of male and female Wistar rats. The Wistar rats administered with distilled water at 2 ml/kg body weight served as the control group (DW); others were administered with zinc at 50 mg/kg body weight (Z) group, glyphosate at 375 mg/kg body weight (G) group, a combination of zinc and glyphosate at 50 and 375 mg/kg body weight, respectively (Z + G), group, glyphosate at 14.4 mg/kg body weight (GC) group, and a combination of zinc and glyphosate at 50 and 14.4 mg/kg body weight, respectively (Z + GC), group. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected from each rats; from which, sera samples were obtained and assayed for total protein, albumin, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, Na+, K+, Cl−, $$ \mathrm{HCO}_3^{-} $$
, Ca2+, $$ \mathrm{PO}_4^{-} $$
, urea and creatinine using autoanalyzer, and globulin was calculated. The albumin concentration was significantly high (p 0.05), and the relative changes were ameliorated by supplementation with zinc. The alkaline phosphatase activity was relatively low in GC group; however, supplementation with zinc in Z + GC group made it to be significantly high (p < 0.05) compared to GC group. The alanine and aspartate aminotransferases in G and GC groups were relatively high compared to DW group, which were ameliorated by supplementation with zinc. The relatively low Ca2+ concentration in G and GC groups compared to DW were ameliorated in Z + G group, and it was significantly high in Z + GC group at p < 0.01 compared to DW, p < 0.001 compared to G and GC groups and p < 0.05 compared to Z + G group. There were only slight changes in the electrolytes concentrations (Na+, K+, Cl−, $$ \mathrm{HCO}_3^{-} $$
and $$ \mathrm{PO}_4^{-} $$
), which were differentially ameliorated by zinc supplementation. The reasons for the various changes recorded were discussed. It was concluded that subchronic oral exposure to glyphosate caused both hepatic and renal functions toxicity in rats, which were ameliorated by zinc supplementation.
25 citations
TL;DR: Systemic rotenone or LPS increased oxidative and nitrosative stress in brain and induced nigrostriatal neuronal damage; the effect was not limited to the striatum but involved other areas such as the cerebral cortex and hippocampus; and the neuronal damage caused by roten one was increased in the presence of systemic inflammation.
Abstract: In this study, we compared the effects of systemic rotenone, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or both rotenone and LPS on oxidative stress and nigrostriatal cell damage in mice. We further investigated the therapeutic potential of cannabis in these rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Rotenone (1.5 mg/kg, subcutaneously, three times per week), LPS (0.2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, daily), or LPS plus rotenone was given alone or in combination with cannabis (20 mg/kg, expressed as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, subcutaneously daily) for 2 weeks. Mice were tested for behavioral changes on the 14th day after different treatments. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (nitrite), paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity as well as monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain were determined. Histopathology, tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (TH-ir), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry were also performed. Either rotenone or LPS injection was followed by increased MDA and decreased GSH in the cortex, striatum, and the rest of the brain (subcortex). There was increased nitrite and decreased PON1 activity in the cortex and subcortex. The increase in nitrite by combined LPS–rotenone in the cortex was significantly higher than that caused only LPS. In the subcortex, nitrite was significantly increased compared with either agent alone. The biochemical changes induced by rotenone, LPS, or rotenone + LPS were reduced, but not prevented by cannabis. In the striatum, the administration of only cannabis induced mild degenerative changes with shrunken neurons and pyknotic nuclei, a slight decrease in TH-ir, and mild iNOS and caspase-3 immunoreactivities. LPS injection was followed by pyknotic and apoptotic nuclei and perinuclear cytoplasmic vacuoles and decreased TH-ir with mild iNOS and caspase-3 immunoreactivities. Meanwhile, marked striatal neurodegeneration was observed after rotenone with shrunken and distorted neurons, pericellular haloes, inflammation, and hemorrhage. Markedly decreased TH-ir and increased iNOS and caspase-3 immunoreactivities were observed. The loss of pigmented neurons, the decrease of TH-ir, and the increase in both iNOS and caspase-3 immunoreactivities were markedly increased by administering both rotenone and LPS. The administration of cannabis did not reduce nigrostriatal damage due to rotenone, LPS, or rotenone + LPS, although an improvement in striatal TH-ir was observed. Thus, (1) systemic rotenone or LPS increased oxidative and nitrosative stress in brain and (2) induced nigrostriatal neuronal damage; (3) the effect was not limited to the striatum but involved other areas such as the cerebral cortex and hippocampus; (4) the neuronal damage caused by rotenone was increased in the presence of systemic inflammation; (5) rotenone induced caspase-3-mediated apoptosis; (6) cannabis reduced brain oxidative stress but failed to alleviate nigrostriatal damage due to rotenone, LPS, or rotenone + LPS; and (7) cannabis increased TH immnunostaining in the striatum after rotenone, LPS, or rotenone + LPS. This effect of cannabis does not appear to reflect a neuroprotective effect and might be due to increased striatal dopamine levels by cannabis.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the use of GSM-like EMF at these intensities and duration can induce pathological lesions in the heart, liver, or kidney, but these are not EMF specific.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine a possible relationship between whole-body 900-MHz Global System for Mobile Communication-like electromagnetic field (GSM-EMF) exposure and pathological changes in vital organs of Sprague–Dawley rats. Twenty adult male rats were used in four equal independent groups—control (without EMF) and low-, moderate-, and high-exposure groups—according to the time of exposure to EMF (1, 2, and 4 h). The exposure was performed for 30 consecutive days. Tissue samples of the heart, liver, and left kidney were collected and fixed in 10 % buffered formalin for histopathological examination. Some pathological lesions, especially in the kidney (congestion and inflammation) were seen. Our results demonstrate that the use of GSM-like EMF at these intensities and duration can induce pathological lesions in the heart, liver, or kidney, but these are not EMF specific.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that transportation were significantly enough to trigger changes in APP and oxidative stress biomarkers in buffalo calves.
Abstract: The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of the transportation stress on water buffalo calves. A total of 50 buffalo calves (8 ± 1 months old, 165 ± 13 kg) were assigned to one of two equal groups; the first group represented clinically healthy non-transported calves (control non-transported group; n = 25) whereas calves of the second group were subjected to transportation (transported group; n = 25). Blood samples were collected from control non-transported calves and from transported calves immediately after unloading (post-transportation). The present findings indicated that the examined hematological and biochemical parameters were not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) changed in transported calves when compared with the control non-transported group. Furthermore, serum concentration of the investigated acute-phase proteins (APP) namely, haptoglobin (0.37 ± 0.01), serum amyloid A (75.43 ± 2.11), and fibrinogen (7.51 ± 0.25) were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in transported calves when compared with control calves (0.1 ± 0.01 g/l, 23.9 ± 0.56 mg/l, and 4.2 ± 0.16 g/l), respectively. Lipid peroxidation represented as malonaldhyde (56.78 ± 3.42) was higher significantly (P ≤ 0.05), whereas antioxidant biomarkers in the form of nitric oxide (17.68 ± 0.89) levels, and activities of superoxide dismutase (7.37 ± 0.53) and reduced glutathione (5.25 ± 0.95) were lower significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in the serum of transported calves when all were compared with the control group (24.68 ± 0.19 nmol/g Hb, 21.80 ± 0.24 mmol/ml, 9.24 ± 0.1 U/g Hb, and 7.23 ± 0.21 mmol/l), respectively. Conclusively, the present study demonstrated that transportation were significantly enough to trigger changes in APP and oxidative stress biomarkers in buffalo calves.
TL;DR: The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in dogs and cattle from Hamedan province (West of Iran) and to design control strategies for improving management in cattle farms.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in dogs and cattle from Hamedan province (West of Iran). Blood samples were collected from 1,046 cattle and 270 dogs in this area. Cattle and dog samples were tested and analyzed using ELISA and IFAT, respectively. IgG-antibodies to N. caninum were found in 27 and 17.4 % of dogs and cattle samples, respectively. In cattle study, The association between infection and type of cattle was statistically significant (P = 0.004). Also, significant statistical differences were observed regarding to stray canids presence in farm (P < 0.0001), and abortion history (P < 0.001), unlike to age (P = 0.195) and breed (P = 0.077). In dog study, there was statistical differences among age groups (P < 0.001) and type of dogs (P < 0.001) opposite to gender (P = 0.112). This study is the first report of N. caninum infection in dogs and cattle from west of Iran. There is both horizontal and vertical transmission of N. caninum in this area, and the presence of stray dogs may be a risk factor for N. caninum infection in cattle. N. caninum is an important factor in the economic losses of the cattle breeding in Hamedan province. Therefore, further investigations and designing control strategies for improving management in cattle farms is highly recommended.
TL;DR: In this paper, a study aimed to establish serum biochemical reference intervals of Pega donkeys and the influence of age and sex on these variables, and the results showed that the importance of establishment of specific reference intervals increases the risks of unnecessary investigations and diagnostic failures.
Abstract: Inappropriate reference limits increase the risks of unnecessary investigations and diagnostic failures. Species, breed, environment, handling, and physiologic stage can influence serum biochemical variables. This study aimed to establish serum biochemical reference intervals of Pega donkeys and the influence of age and sex on these variables. Samples were taken from 110 donkeys (79 females and 31 males; 8 under 1 year, 33 between 1 and 3 years, and 69 over 3 years old). There were no differences for creatine kinase (CK), albumin, urea, and magnesium among age groups. Animals under 1 year old had the lowest aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, triglycerides, total calcium, and chloride means; lower indirect bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and sodium levels than over 3-year-old group and the highest phosphorus, glucose, cholesterol, ionized calcium, and alkaline phosphatase (AP) values. Total protein increased with age. The group from 1 to 3 years had higher potassium than up to 1-year-old group. Animals over 3 years old had the highest means of direct and total bilirubin. ALT, CK, GGT, direct and total bilirubin, urea, triglycerides, sodium, potassium, and chloride levels did not differ between genders. Females had higher AST, total protein, total calcium, and indirect bilirubin levels. Males showed greater AP, albumin, phosphorus, glucose, creatinine, cholesterol, magnesium, and ionized calcium values. Discrepancies among present results and previous studies show influencing factors on biochemical profile of donkeys and reinforce the importance of establishment of specific reference intervals. This study is useful in clinical routine and as basis to other scientific researches with Pega donkeys.
TL;DR: The ProCyte Dx was evaluated as an in-house hematology analyzer based on focused flow impedance and flow cytometry and the majority of variables correlated favorably with the ADVIA 2120, and a manual differential count is recommended in case of invalid separation of cellular populations.
Abstract: The ProCyte Dx™ was introduced as an in-house hematology analyzer based on focused flow impedance and flow cytometry. It provides a complete hemogram including a five-part leukocyte differential and reticulocyte count. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ProCyte Dx for dogs and cats. EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples from healthy or diseased dogs (n = 270) and cats (n = 176) were analyzed within 3 to 6 h of sampling. Routine hemogram variables including reticulocytes were compared with reference methods, i.e., the ADVIA 2120, a 200-cell manual differential leukocyte count, and manual reticulocyte counts. Data were analyzed twice (prior to and after dot plot analysis, with the exclusion of samples with invalid separations of cellular populations). Coefficients of variation were <3 % for complete blood cell count and <7 % for differential count, except for eosinophils (cat, 17 %), lymphocytes (cat, 30 %), platelet counts (PLTs; dog, 14 %), and reticulocytes (dog and cat, 16 and 22 %, respectively). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (r
s) revealed a good to excellent (r
s = 0.99–0.80) correlation between both analyzers, except for the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC; r
s = 0.56–0.44), cat reticulocytes (r
s = 0.77), and differential count prior to dot plot analysis. Biases were generally close to 0; however, large biases were seen for hemoglobin (HGB), mean corpuscular hemoglobin, MCHC, mean corpuscular volume, PLTs, and differential count prior to dot plot analysis. The majority of variables correlated favorably with the ADVIA 2120. The large biases of HGB and HGB-derived variables were due to the methodology of the ADVIA. Dot plot analysis is an additional tool for quality assurance, and a manual differential count is recommended in case of invalid separation of cellular populations.
TL;DR: The results of this study demonstrated the presence of V. parahaemolyticus in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea (Northern Iran) and the PCR approach proved useful for reliable confirmation of species identification.
Abstract: The objectives of this study were to investigate the occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the seawater and its sediment by molecular techniques and conventional microbiological methods. Of 300 samples analyzed, 20.3 % was recorded positive for V. parahaemolyticus. Of the 62 strains isolated, 26 (8.3 %) were obtained from the seawater samples, and 36 (12 %); from sediments. Only three strains (4.83 %) showed hemolytic activity in Wagatsuma agar. The results of this study demonstrated the presence of V. parahaemolyticus in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea (Northern Iran). Furthermore, the PCR approach proved useful for reliable confirmation of species identification. V. parahaemolyticus is an important human pathogen responsible for food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide. These findings indicated the potential sanitary risk associated with the presence of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in the Caspian Sea.
TL;DR: Results of this study showed that methanolic extract of Ocimum bacilicum and Allium cepa have low scolicidal activity and cannot be used as scoliidal agent; on the contrary of in vitro inefficacy, the in vivo efficacy of these extracts and also their possible side effects remained to be examined.
Abstract: Hydatidosis in humans and animals is an economic and public health treat in many parts of the world, and surgery is still the main treatment for hydatid disease. One of the most important endpoints of hydatid cyst surgery is recurrence. The main cause of recurrence is dissemination of protoscolices during the surgical operation. Preoperative destruction of the cyst’s contents through instillation of a scolicidal agent into the hydatid cyst is the most commonly used approach to prevent this complication. Various scolicidal agents have been used for inactivation of the cyst content, but most are accompanied by adverse side effects. In the present study, the scolicidal effect of methanolic extract of Ocimum bacilicum and Allium cepa is investigated. Protoscoleces were aseptically collected from sheep livers containing hydatid cyst and were used in the experiments. O. bacilicum and A. cepa extracts were used in 2.5, 5, and 10 % concentration for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min. Viability of protoscoleces was confirmed by 0.1 % eosin staining. The scolicidal effect of O. bacilicum and A. cepa extracts was not satisfactory and a 10 % concentration of these extracts after 60 min of application, killed only 24.1 and 16.8 % of protoscolices, respectively. Result of this study showed that, as opposed to the fact that these extracts have a strong antibacterial effect, they have low scolicidal activity and cannot be used as scolicidal agent; on the contrary of in vitro inefficacy, the in vivo efficacy of these extracts and also their possible side effects remained to be examined.
TL;DR: Monitoring fish hematological and biochemical parameters essentially can be a way to evaluate the physiological and health status of their populations, which may be a useful indicator of the environmental status.
Abstract: Hematological and plasma chemistry indices are important parameters for the evaluation of fish physiological status. In this study, we determined the results of selected hematological and plasma biochemical profiles in Cirrhinus mrigala captured from the wild in a tropical climate of India. Blood was analyzed using standard techniques, and differences in hematological parameters including hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) of fish were compared according to sex and different seasons. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between sexes, and the results indicated that blood parameters levels between the sexes in summer were significantly different than that measure in other seasons except MCH and MCHC value. The number of total leukocyte levels was found to be higher in female fish especially in reproductive seasons (summer), but the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and MCV values were high in male fish in an annual period. However, there was no difference in MCH and MCHC values between the sexes and seasons throughout the study period. These may be related to season of sampling and changing physiological cycles during these months. Differences were noted in plasma lipid, cholesterol, and glucose level in the summer season, but the higher amount of plasma protein was found in spring and winter in male and female fish, respectively. In conclusion, monitoring fish hematological and biochemical parameters essentially can be a way to evaluate the physiological and health status of their populations, which may be a useful indicator of the environmental status.
TL;DR: The present study demonstrated the relatively high prevalence of Q fever in sheep and goat flocks in Iran, and the native breed and third parity animals on individual level and presence of tick on flock level are considered the most important risk factors for C. burnetii infection.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the individual- and flock-level risk factors of Q fever in sheep and goat flocks in Iran. A total of 970 sera including 803 ovine and 167 caprine samples from 43 sheep and goat flocks in the Southwest, Central, and Western Iran were collected randomly. A questionnaire was administered to each visited farm to gather information for investigation of suggested risk factors. The CHEKIT Q fever ELISA kit was used to identify specific antibodies against Coxiella burnetii in sheep and goats. The results showed that the flock level prevalence of Q fever was 100 %. Among the studied risk factors, significant association was observed for seropositivity with area, breed, and parity on individual level and presence of ticks on flock level. Central Iran significantly had the highest prevalence followed by Southwest and Western Iran which could be due to favorable climatic conditions for aerosol transmission of C. burnetii in this area. Native breed had the highest prevalence (28.9 %) of Q fever followed by mixed (22.2 %) and Afshari (13.3 %) breed (P < 0.05). Seropositivity increased with parity, and third parity animals had the highest prevalence (29.3 %). There was significant association between presence of tick on the farm with seroprevalence of Q fever; farms with tick contamination had higher prevalence compared to tick-free farms (27.3 vs 20.3 %, respectively, P = 0.04). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the relatively high prevalence of Q fever in sheep and goat flocks in Iran. Further, the native breed and third parity animals on individual level and presence of tick on flock level are considered the most important risk factors for C. burnetii infection.
TL;DR: This study aims for the reconciliation between models of clinical and pathology-based staging to obtain a more accurate assessment of the main factors of prognostic determinants in the classification for cancer staging.
Abstract: This study aims for the reconciliation between models of clinical and pathology-based staging to obtain a more accurate assessment of the main factors of prognostic determinants in the classification for cancer staging. Clinical staging was performed on adenocarcinoma of the colon from five patients with age ranging from 57 to 76 years. Clinical stage was based on determining malignant size, estimating doubling time and deriving hypoxic cell energy using the Emad formula. A pathology-based staging was also performed on the same tumours to determine in vitro estimation of cell proliferation of tumour slices by tritiated thymidine incorporation, hypothesising that the malignant fraction of the detected tumour is the fraction of the tumour unlabelled by the tritiated thymidine. The consistency of results of the factors from the two staging types and their histologic grades were analysed using ANOVA. Perfect correlations between cancer staging factors using the clinical mathematical model and pathology based was confirmed (R
2 = 0.98). This provides a clear-cut criterion for accepting the hypotheses of both models for staging of cancer. It also strengthens the confidence in the equivalence of the energy of the unlabelled fraction of the tumour cells by the tritiated thymidine to that of the malignant fraction of the detected tumour (p < 0.0001). Besides the anatomical extent to which the disease has spread, both the tumour doubling time and the histologic classification are significant prognostic determinants which identify the specific tumour histologic grade which allows physicians to develop customised treatment plans for patients.
TL;DR: Conclusively, the continuous exposure to mobile phone’s radiation for a long time had a significant adverse genotoxic effect on both bone marrow and hematopoietic system, and SP is proved to be a useful candidate compound in radioprotection.
Abstract: The current study was set to explore the possible radioprotective activity of Spirulina platensis (SP) against some genotoxic effects of GSM 900-MHz cellular phone radiation on both bone marrow cells and erythrogram. Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups, exposed to mobile phone radiation for 6 h/day and/or orally administered 300 mg SP/kg body wt for 30 days. Erythrogram elements, alkaline comet, and micronucleus assays for the detection of DNA damage were estimated besides a histopathological examination of bone marrow tissue. Mobile phone radiation exposure evoked a significant increase in RBC count, Hb concentrations, and packed cell volume (PCV) in addition to marked elevation in the frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the peripheral blood and bone marrow compared to control. On the other hand, SP significantly reduced the level of DNA damage and oxidative stress resulted from electromagnetic phone’s radiations. Conclusively, the continuous exposure to mobile phone’s radiation for a long time had a significant adverse genotoxic effect on both bone marrow and hematopoietic system. Yet, SP is proved to be a useful candidate compound in radioprotection.
TL;DR: Values found in donkeys of this agro-pastoral zone were within the ranges of those found inDonkeys elsewhere in the world, except that values of creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were lower in Burkinabese donkeys.
Abstract: The study allowed establishing values of certain biochemical parameters in 48 donkeys selected in seven villages of the agro-pastoral zone of Sideradougou, Burkina Faso. Values found in donkeys of this agro-pastoral zone were within the ranges of those found in donkeys elsewhere in the world, except that values of creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were lower in Burkinabese donkeys. The values of these biochemical parameters varied with trypanosomosis infection in donkeys. Indeed, donkeys suffering from trypanosomosis got higher values alanine transaminase (p = 0.035) than the noninfected donkeys. The values of AST in the healthy donkeys was (p = 0.009). The values of total proteins were significantly higher in the infected donkeys (p = 0.003), while the albumin values did not vary significantly; the variation in proteins concentration was due to globulins levels. The gamma globulin level was increased in the trypanosomosis-infected donkeys (p = 0.003).
TL;DR: The findings of the current study imply that cystic echinococcosis is highly prevalent and incurs huge financial losses through condemnation of infected internal organs in sheep and goats slaughtered in Jimma.
Abstract: A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2010 through April 2011 to determine the prevalence, risk factors, number, size, and fertility of hydatid cysts in infected organs and assess the economic losses due to condemnation of organs in sheep and goats slaughtered in different restaurants in Jimma Town. For this purpose, a total of 804 small ruminants (502 sheep and 302 goats) slaughtered in Jimma Town were examined for presence of hydatid cysts. Hydatid cysts were detected in 149 (29.5 %) sheep and 75 (24.8 %) goats examined. Results of the study showed that statistically significant variation was never observed in the prevalence of hydatid cysts between sheep and goat hosts. In the study, 162 (25.8 %) males and 62 (35.5 %) females were found to harbor hydatid cysts in one or more of their organs. Significantly higher prevalence in females than males was recorded. An overall prevalence of 26.3 % in young and 29.4 % in adult sheep and goats of hydatid cysts was recorded. Our study showed that the liver was the most commonly infected organs of sheep and goats with the prevalence of 50.7 % followed by the lungs (37.5 %) whereas the rest 11.3 % was mixed infection. In sheep, out of the total 508 cysts collected, 38.6 % small, 45.5 % medium, and 21.3 % large were recorded. Similarly, for goats, the corresponding values of 33.8, 43.5, and 22.4 % were detected, respectively. In this study, a total of 168 from sheep and 135 cysts from goats collected from different infected organs were subjected to fertility and viability studies. Results of the study revealed that out of the total 95 (56.5 %) of the fertile cysts in sheep, 81 (85.3 %) were viable; however, the rest 14 (14.7 %) were nonviable. In goats, out of the total 59 (43.7 %) of the fertile cysts, 44 (74.6 %) were viable; however, the rest 15 (25.4 %) were nonviable. Significantly higher numbers of fertile cysts were recorded in the livers than in the lungs in both sheep and goats hosts. The total annual economic loss incurred due to cystic echinococcosis in sheep and goats slaughtered in restaurants in Jimma Town was estimated to be 149,312.8 USD (249,324 ETB). In view of the findings of the current study, there is a need and recommendation for proper disposal of offal, reduction of backyard slaughtering, and control of stray dogs to prevent the economic losses and public health hazard associated with the cystic echinococcosis. The findings of the current study imply that cystic echinococcosis is highly prevalent and incurs huge financial losses through condemnation of infected internal organs in sheep and goats slaughtered in Jimma. Further epidemiological studies on the comparative importance of intermediate host species, definitive hosts, genotype of strains from different host species, and zoonotic and economic significance of cystic echinococcosis are urgently needed in different parts of Ethiopia.
TL;DR: The cytoprotective role of HEDF against mammary carcinogenesis was found to be dose dependent in nature and histopathological analysis of the breast tissue was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and results revealed the cytop rotatedective role.
Abstract: Lipid, lipoproteins, and lipid-metabolizing enzymes are associated with breast cancer risk. In this study, the potential of hydroalcoholic extract (HEDF) of Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f) Ettingsh (Loranthaceae) for the management of lipid metabolism on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinoma was investigated in Wistar female rats. Thirty female rats (55 days of age) were divided into five groups: control, DMBA (25 mg in 0.5 ml of olive oil by air pouch technique), DMBA + HEDF (250, 475, and 950 mg/kg). After 90 days of induction, HEDF was administered for 28 days by gastric intubations. The levels of lipids, lipid-metabolizing enzymes, and lipoproteins were analyzed in the plasma and liver of both control and experimental animals. Rats treated with DMBA showed an increase (p < 0.05) in levels of phospholipids, triglycerides, free fatty acids, total cholesterol, and free cholesterol and a decrease (p < 0.01) in levels of ester cholesterol in the plasma and liver. The levels of very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein increased (p < 0.01), while the levels of high-density lipoproteins decreased (p < 0.001) in plasma. Moreover, there was a significant increase (p < 0.001) in activities of total lipase, cholesterol ester hydrolase, cholesterol ester synthase but with a sharp decrease (p < 0.01) in lecithin cholesterol-acyl transferase and lipoprotein lipase in animals with mammary cancer. HEDF treatment caused the activity of these alterations in biochemical parameters to return to almost normal control levels. Also, histopathological analysis of the breast tissue was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and results revealed the cytoprotective role of HEDF against mammary carcinogenesis. The effects of HEDF were found to be dose dependent in nature.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the detection of DENV RNA using type-specific single-step real-time RT-PCR and seroprevalence of anti-DENV antibodies using ELISA among Al-Madinah population through a cross-sectional study from May 2008 to July 2009.
Abstract: Recently, urban outbreaks of dengue virus (DENV) have occurred in western areas of Saudi Arabia; Jeddah and Makkah, neighbouring cities to Al-Madinah, where there is growing population traffic. DENV activity has not previously been reported in Al-Madinah. Molecular detection of DENV RNA using type-specific single-step real-time RT-PCR and seroprevalence of anti-DENV antibodies using ELISA was reported among Al-Madinah population for the first time through a cross-sectional study from May 2008 to July 2009. A total of 351 febrile, clinically suspected patients were identified, and acute dengue infection was identified in 71 of them during the first week of onset of fever; 5 (1.4 %) by real-time reverse transcription PCR alone, 45 (12.8 %) cases by IgM-ELISA alone and 13 (3.7 %) by both, while 8 (2.3 %) cases were identified during the second week of fever by the presence of IgM-ELISA only. Anti-DENV IgG antibodies were not detected in any of the tested samples. Of the 71 cases, 55 were resident in Al-Madinah (37 Saudi and 18 non-Saudi); however, all of them were imported cases. DENV-1 and DENV-2 were identified in 7 and 11 cases, respectively, while DENV-3 and DENV-4 were not detected in any cases. It was observed that the middle-aged group was the most infected group. DENV anti-DENV IgM antibodies showed a positive correlation of high significance with the number of days with fever. Nationality and gender were found to be significant independent predictors.
TL;DR: Blood samples were collected from 170 cultured African sharptooth catfish to establish haematological baseline values of this important tropical pisciculture fish species in the Guinea savannah agro-ecological zone of Nigeria and the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration values obtained are 32.0 g/dl.
Abstract: Blood samples were collected from 170 cultured African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) to establish haematological baseline values of this important tropical pisciculture fish species in the Guinea savannah agro-ecological zone of Nigeria. The total red blood cell count and the total white blood cell count were obtained by haemocytometry, while the packed cell volume and haemoglobin were obtained by microhaematocrit and cyanomethmoglobin methods, respectively. The results obtained varied between gender and age and were as follows: total red blood cell count, 1.72 ± 0.34 × 106/mm3 in juveniles and 4.50 ± 0.57 × 106/mm3 in adults; total white blood cell count, 15.50 ± 1.15103/mm3in juvenile and 16.41 ± 1.21 × 103/mm3in adults; packed cell volume, 30.08 ± 7.78 % in juveniles and 39.59 ± 3.93 % in adults; haemoglobin, 9.43 ± 3.45 g/dl in juveniles and 10.99 ± 3.29 g/dl in the adults; mean corpuscular volume, 173.75 ± 41.93 fl in juveniles and 87.01 ± 14.37 fl in adults; mean corpuscular haemoglobin, 51.11 ± 13.10 pg in the juveniles and 26.81 ± 8.61 pg in the adults, while the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration values obtained are 32.61 ± 10.42 g/dl in the juveniles and 33.80 ± 10.0 g/dl in the adults.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that ixodid ticks occur with high prevalence and burden and still play major roles in reducing productivity of cattle and cause health problems of cattle in central Oromia.
Abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the species, prevalence, and seasonal variation of ticks on cattle in central Oromia. In addition, questionnaire survey was used to assess the control practices of ticks in central Oromia. During the study period from August 2008 through April 2009, a total of 10,440 adult ixodid ticks were collected from a total of 918 cattle (153 cattle during dry and wet seasons from each of three agroecologies) in three agroecological zones during wet and dry seasons. A total of seven species of ixodid ticks belonging to four genera were identified during the wet period, whereas similar numbers of genera but six species of ixodid ticks were recorded during the dry season. Amblyomma, Boophilus, Rhipicephalus, and Hyalomma tick genera were identified during the two seasons. Five different species of ticks were identified from the highland altitude. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher proportion of Boophilus decoloratus (88.2 %) was identified during the wet season, Hyalomma truncatum (1.5 %) was with the least proportion. Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (50.8 %) was the most abundant during the dry period, whereas Hyalomma marginatum rufipes (5 %) was with smallest proportion. In the midland, a total of six species of ticks were identified. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher proportion of Amblyomma variegatum (76.6 %) than the other species was recorded during the wet season in the midland. But Rhipicephalus pulchellus (0.05 %) was collected with the lowest proportion. R. e. evertsi (46.3 %) was the most abundant tick species during the dry season, whereas R. pulchellus (0 %) was with lowest proportion. In the lowland, a total of seven species of ticks during the wet and six during the dry season were identified. A significantly (p < 0.05) higher proportion of A. variegatum (30.3 %) was recorded during the wet season, whereas R. pulchellus (1.4 %) was identified with the lowest proportion in the lowland. R. e. evertsi (24.8 %) was the most abundant tick species during the dry season in the lowland, but R. pulchellus (0 %) was with the lowest proportion during the same season in the lowland. Results of the study revealed that the highest mean total tick burden was recorded during the early rainy season than the dry season from the end of March to April. And the lowest mean tick count was recorded during the early dry and the late dry season during December and February, respectively. The overall tick count across seasons showed significant variation (F = 114 and p = 0.000). The questionnaire survey on the tick control practices has revealed that (90 %) diazinon and (57.3 %) cypermethrin were the commonly used acaricides with a frequency of one to three times per year during the peak of tick infestation. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that ixodid ticks occur with high prevalence and burden and still play major roles in reducing productivity of cattle and cause health problems of cattle in central Oromia. Further studies on the role of ticks in the transmission of pathogens to cattle, other animals, and zoonotic pathogens to man in Oromia are urgently needed.
TL;DR: Assessment of hematological parameters of Esox lucius collected from Anzali wetland from fall 2010 to summer 2011 revealed significant differences in RBC and WBC between all seasons, but there were no significant differences between ages or seasons.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess of some hematological parameters of Esox lucius collected from Anzali wetland from fall 2010 to summer 2011. Variations in hematological parameters such as hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), erythrocyte (RBC) and leukocyte (WBC) counts, mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils of fish were compared according to age and seasonal differences. Analysis of variance showed significant differences in values of white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), MCV, MCH, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils between ages. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in RBC and WBC between all seasons. However, there were no significant differences in Ht, Hb, MCHC, MCH, MCV, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils between all seasons. Results of current study may be helpful in establishing a hematological data bank for this species including standard values of blood parameters.
TL;DR: MCW significantly reduced hyperlipidemia and regulated the defects in lipid metabolism in diabetic rats, indicating the therapeutic potential of MCW in diabetes and associated atherogenic complications.
Abstract: The present study aims to evaluate the antihyperipidemic effects of mature coconut water (MCW), a natural nutritious beverage and its role in regulating lipid metabolism in experimental diabetes. The experimental animals were divided into four groups—normal control, MCW-alone-treated rats, diabetic control, and diabetic rats treated with MCW. Blood glucose, lipid profile, atherogenic index, phospholipids in various tissues, free fatty acids, activities of various lipogenic enzymes, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase in liver, lecithin–cholesterol acyl transferase (LACT) in plasma, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in heart were evaluated in all the experimental groups. The results indicate that in diabetic rats, MCW treatment reduced the blood glucose and lipid levels in blood and other tissues along with reduced activity of HMG CoA reductase and increased activity of LACT and LPL. In addition, levels of triglycerides, phospholipids, and free fatty acids in various tissues and atherogenic index were significantly lowered. In conclusion, MCW significantly reduced hyperlipidemia and regulated the defects in lipid metabolism in diabetic rats, indicating the therapeutic potential of MCW in diabetes and associated atherogenic complications.