Showing papers in "Compare in 2018"
TL;DR: In this paper, structural conditions or institutional arrangements that facilitate or hinder interactions for international students are examined. And the authors find that the overwhelming number of Chinese students, particularly in business schools, combined with obstacles these students face in establishing intercultural contact around the university potentially motivate them to explore engagement with a wider host society (e.g. Christian churches).
Abstract: This paper looks at structural conditions or institutional arrangements that facilitate or hinder interactions for international students. Drawing on the contact and diversity theory, analyses compare Chinese students’ intercultural experience in business and non-business schools in one UK university and explore how these students interpret the meaning of quality intercultural contact based on their responses to the social environment around them. Findings indicate that the overwhelming number of Chinese students, particularly in business schools, combined with obstacles these students face in establishing intercultural contact around the university potentially motivates them to explore engagement with a wider host society (e.g. Christian churches). The denial of intercultural contact due to a lack of diverse environment may lead to inequality in opportunities for cross-cultural learning and personal growth. High quality intercultural contact is not only beneficial to international students, it also enhances the intercultural competency of native students in the global market place.
53 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the principal authors in education policy have discussed the merits of bringing together the principal researchers in this field, which means that it can be used as a reference for all those who work on education.
Abstract: This volume is a ‘must’ for all those who work on education policy. Indeed, it has the merit of bringing together the principal authors in this field, which means that it can be used as a reference...
43 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, school-based pipelines/routes for university and technical engineering education are recognized as important for economic development and the high-school years are critical for shaping students' ca...
Abstract: School-based pipelines/routes for university and technical engineering education are recognised as important for economic development and the high-school years are critical for shaping students’ ca...
43 citations
TL;DR: This article employed a glonacal heuristic as a theoretical lens, and a qualitative analysis with interview data, to highlight how Chinese faculty members interpret the deformation of Chinese language.
Abstract: Employing a glonacal (global, national and local) heuristic as a theoretical lens, and a qualitative analysis with interview data, this study highlights how Chinese faculty members interpret the de...
42 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore four key aspects of contemporary higher education students' lives, considering the extent to which they can be considered as consumers, workers, family members and political actors, and argue that, despite assumptions on the part of European policymakers that there are now large commonalities in the experiences of students across Europe, significant differences exist both between, and within, individual nation-states.
Abstract: Higher education (HE) is of considerable importance to policymakers across Europe. Indeed, it is viewed as a key mechanism for achieving a range of economic, social and political goals. Nevertheless, despite this prominence within policy, we have no clear understanding of the extent to which conceptualisations of ‘the student’ are shared across the continent. To start to redress this gap, this article explores four key aspects of contemporary higher education students’ lives, considering the extent to which they can be considered as, variously, consumers, workers, family members and political actors. On the basis of this evidence, it argues that, despite assumptions on the part of European policymakers that there are now large commonalities in the experiences of students across Europe – evident in pronouncements about Erasmus mobility and the operations of the European Higher Education Area – significant differences exist both between, and within, individual nation-states.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the discourse, design and delivery of Global Citizenship Education (GCE) in the young nation-state of South Korea and argue that GCE reinforces and maintains the hegemonic ideals of global capitalism; core-periphery global and local relationships; and dichotomous views of poverty and inequalities.
Abstract: Global citizenship education (GCE) positions itself on the global arena as a transformative social justice oriented educational curriculum that addresses the political, social, economic and cultural inequalities brought about through colonisation and neoliberalism on the global and local levels. Through an exploration of the discourse, design and delivery of GCE in the young nation-state of South Korea, we argue that, in fact, GCE reinforces and maintains the hegemonic ideals of global capitalism; core-periphery global and local relationships; and dichotomous views of poverty and inequalities. We argue that these approaches reflect South Korea’s geopolitical realities, but that attitudes towards GCE in South Korea also reflect its cultural norms and values towards working together towards a common good. Ultimately, we call for a more nuanced approach to GCE scholarship in which we move away from theoretical divisions to practical applications of social justice that work within increasingly capital...
40 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed gender differentials in completion of secondary education in undivided Andhra Pradesh, India, using unique panel data from Young-Lives study.
Abstract: Using unique panel data from Young Lives study conducted in undivided Andhra Pradesh, India, this mixed-method paper analyses gender differentials in completion of secondary education. Results show biased secondary school completion rates in favor of boys. Probit regression results highlight certain variables such as mothers’ education, wealth, high self-efficacy, early reading skills, lower birth order, and not engaging in more than two hours of domestic work and paid work at age 12, as positively associated with educational outcomes for girls. Decomposition analysis highlights that engaging in domestic chores at age 12 is the most contributory factor (36%) for the persisting gender gap. The other unexplained contributory factors may well be existing discriminatory social norms and son preference, which is captured by the qualitative case studies. The findings suggest that unless we are able to address persisting gender norms, universalizing secondary education with gender equity, will remain a d...
35 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of global citizenship education (GCE) programs in two contrasting contexts (the UK and Japan) was conducted, and it was found that the universities in both the UK and Japanese contexts demonstrate examples of adaptation and localisation of GCE to fit with institutional commitments, and both universities have significant elements of employability agendas infused into their programmes.
Abstract: The implementation of global citizenship programmes at universities has been taking place against a backdrop of growing internationalisation and marketisation in higher education, leading some to conclude that universities are cultivating global workers rather than global citizens. This small-scale exploratory study aimed to investigate these claims through the comparison of global citizenship education (GCE) programmes in two contrasting contexts – the UK and Japan. Through a combination of quantitative and qualitative content analysis, our findings suggest that the universities in both the UK and Japanese contexts demonstrate examples of adaptation and localisation of GCE to fit with institutional commitments, and both universities have significant elements of employability agendas infused into their programmes. We argue that while different in many respects, the two programmes both demonstrate an adaptation of GCE to fit within broader internationalisation strategies aimed at maximising global competitiveness and an alignment with the neoliberal trends shaping the global higher education sector.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) was applied to semi-structured interviews with Israeli teachers with the aim of shedding light on some of the barriers and opportunities to GCE in a conflict-ridden state.
Abstract: Global citizenship education (GCE) is a global education trend that, like democratic citizenship education, has been adopted recently by many education systems for the purpose of preparing students to engage in global society. In this study we applied Qualitative Content Analysis to semi-structured interviews with Israeli teachers with the aim of shedding light on some of the barriers and opportunities to GCE in a conflict-ridden state. The main novelty of our study is first and foremost the delineation of factors that would hinder attempts at incorporating GCE in a conflict-ridden state, including a lack of consensus surrounding citizenship, increased nationalism and an ambiguous attitude towards human rights. In addition, we revealed that under these conditions, GCE as a concept may be threatening, and conflict-ridden states may choose to opt-out altogether or at least rephrase it under a less controversial title. Overall, this study suggests that GCE would need to be articulated differently in ...
34 citations
TL;DR: In an era of globalisation, wellbeing no longer can be explored within one's own national borders, but necessitates cultivating shared international understandings to maintain healthy twenty-first-century classrooms as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In an era of globalisation (Spring 2008), wellbeing no longer can be explored within one’s own national borders, but necessitates cultivating shared international understandings to maintain healthy twenty-first-century classrooms. This literature review across Chinese and English international publications contends that understanding wellbeing entails more thoughtful global discussions examining wellness as a personal commodity and shared societal experience. This paper initiates explorations of teacher wellbeing as an individual and collective phenomenon that includes teacher autonomy, goal orientation, professional efficacy, personal health and positive collegial relationships, institutional recognition/support and professional development opportunities. This review suggests teachers in Western and Chinese contexts may benefit from unique forms of support to balance and reconcile individual and collective aspects of teacher wellbeing. Teachers across contexts must have professional opportunity a...
34 citations
TL;DR: The authors examines how education in Indonesia can help create tolerant and multicultural citizens through the analysis of policies and practices, and examines the role of education in the development of tolerance and multiculturalism.
Abstract: This paper examines how education in Indonesia can help create tolerant and multicultural citizens through the analysis of policies and practices. After the political shift in 1998, Indonesia issue...
TL;DR: The authors examines national-level strategies concerning internationalisation of education and the extent to which global citizenship is deployed in their discourse. But they focus on a cross-national co-operation.
Abstract: This paper examines national-level strategies concerning internationalisation of education and the extent to which global citizenship is deployed in their discourse. We focus on a cross-national co...
TL;DR: In this paper, a 4Rs framework of redistribution, recognition, representation and reconciliation was employed to analyse data gathered from: interviews with and classroom observations of teacher educators; focus group discussions with and questionnaires completed by pre- and in-service teachers, and analysis of teacher education and school curriculum texts.
Abstract: This paper studies an under-researched area—teachers’ role in peacebuilding in conflict-affected contexts—through exploring teacher agency for social cohesion in Pakistan. Insights are sought into teachers’ perspectives on the major drivers of conflict in society and the role of education and teachers in social cohesion and mitigating inequities in education. A 4Rs framework of redistribution, recognition, representation and reconciliation was employed to analyse data gathered from: interviews with and classroom observations of teacher educators; focus group discussions with and questionnaires completed by pre- and in-service teachers, and analysis of teacher education and school curriculum texts. While teachers expressed a nuanced understanding of the conflict drivers in society and appreciated the significance of education in peacebuilding, they subscribed to assimilationist approaches to social cohesion which were aligned with curriculum texts and promoted official nation-building agendas. Additionally, teachers saw issues of social cohesion as peripheral to the core academic curriculum. Teachers’ identity was integrally linked to their religious affiliations.
TL;DR: The authors conducted a qualitative study at a secondary school in Ethiopia to understand how sexual violence in schooling contexts is conceptualized and interrogated by teachers with a focus on lived experiences, the consequences and the underlying causes.
Abstract: Sexual violence is recognised as a public health and human rights problem worldwide. Although schools are expected to be safe places for young people and are envisaged as institutions that challenge social injustices, they are increasingly identified as sites where disproportionately high levels of sexual violence occurs. This study seeks to understand how sexual violence in schooling contexts is conceptualised and interrogated by teachers with a focus on lived experiences, the consequences and the underlying causes. The study is based on qualitative research conducted at a secondary school in Ethiopia. The findings point to overwhelming evidence that sexual violence pervades in secondary schools, with a wide range of adverse consequences on girls’ wellbeing and educational attainment. The study demonstrates how nature, culture and society are included in conceptual thinking about the causes of sexual violence and explores teachers’ agency in addressing the phenomenon.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the impact of gender on the employment of men in early childhood education and care (ECEC) centers through the voices of male and female early childhood teachers (ECTs) working with infants and toddlers.
Abstract: This paper explores the impact of gender on the employment of men in early childhood education and care (ECEC) centres through the voices of male and female early childhood teachers (ECTs) working ...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined various patterns of private tutoring in English and focused on the amount of tutoring, including the tutoring received and not received by students in urban Dhaka.
Abstract: Private supplementary tutoring with an additional fee is generally called shadow education, and this has become a common phenomenon in urban Dhaka, where patterns and scale of tutoring in English have been remarkable in recent years. This study used a mixed-methods approach that included quantitative and qualitative data collected from a survey and individual interview. Tutoring in English has been a regular feature of the teaching profession in this urban area. The paper examines various patterns of private tutoring in English and focuses on the amount of tutoring, including the tutoring received and not received by students in urban Dhaka. It shows the variations of scale regarding tutoring in English between male and female students. The study also identifies different types of private tutors who deliver supplementary tutoring. Finally, the choices pupils make regarding their evaluation on the effectiveness of shapes of tutoring in English are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the educational challenges experienced by teachers and communities in rural Turkey were unearth by applying three dimensional justice approach to the problem of educational challenges in rural Turkish communities, and the research employed Nancy Fraser's three-dimensional justice approach.
Abstract: This research aims to unearth the educational challenges experienced by teachers and communities in rural Turkey. The research employs Nancy Fraser’s three dimensional justice approach – distributi...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the process of policy borrowing in the Israeli and Turkish educational systems and find that there is a lack of congruency between the basic qualities of the borrowed policies and the contextual features and processes that characterise each educational system.
Abstract: Educational policy borrowing has become rather common in our globalised world. However, the literature lacks contextual criteria that may be employed by researchers and policy makers to assess the correspondence of a particular policy to the local context of a borrowing system. Based on a secondary analysis of documents and research reports, this paper describes the process of policy borrowing in the Israeli and Turkish educational systems. Discrepancies were found between the basic qualities of the borrowed policies and the contextual features and processes that characterise each educational system. The lack of congruency appears to be even deeper in centralised structures where the act of policy setting is done by top-level policy makers who are isolated from local school circumstances. Threshold criteria referring to fundamental considerations during decision making are offered and their theoretical and practical implications for centralised structures are discussed.
TL;DR: Most countries are far from achieving the new sustainable development target of equal access to higher education by 2030, with those in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa furthest behind as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Most countries are far from achieving the new sustainable development target of equal access to higher education by 2030, with those in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa furthest behind. This raise...
TL;DR: The new development order that emerged from the ashes of the Millennium Development Goals has brought much needed attention to the natural environment and to societal inequalities, two features tha... as mentioned in this paper,.
Abstract: The new development order that emerged from the ashes of the Millennium Development Goals has brought much needed attention to the natural environment and to societal inequalities, two features tha...
TL;DR: This paper examined academic knowledge production in three local fields of research with different national languages (English, Finnish and French) and found that publication patterns are still largely tied to the respective national languages.
Abstract: The worth of academic knowledge tends to be tested against global metrics of citations and articles published in high-ranking English language academic journals. This paper examines academic knowledge production in three local fields of research with different national languages (English, Finnish and French). It focuses on knowledge production on the topic of apprenticeship where there are distinctive differences in the three local research fields and the associated patterns of academic publication over a 15-year period. The findings suggest that publication patterns are still largely tied to the respective national languages. Concerns are raised about the limited visibility of non-Anglophone local contexts and conceptual frameworks as filtered through global academic knowledge production processes. The language practices in the production of academic knowledge need to be challenged to ensure that knowledge from these sources is not lost in translation or in the re-contextualisation for global aud...
TL;DR: In this paper, two distinct strategies suggested by academics in Tanzania for publishing and disseminating their research were explored for publication and dissemination in the context of a massive higher education expansion in the country.
Abstract: This article explores two distinct strategies suggested by academics in Tanzania for publishing and disseminating their research amidst immense higher education expansion It draws on Arjun Appadur
TL;DR: The authors compared the contribution of cultural capital to reading achievement of 116,508 15-year-old students who participated in PISA 2012 in six Confucian heritage cultures (CHCs) and nine non-CHCs with comparable educational and economic development.
Abstract: The present study compared the contribution of familial cultural capital to the reading achievement of 116,508 15-year-old students who participated in PISA 2012 in six Confucian heritage cultures (CHCs) and nine non-CHCs with comparable educational and economic development. The different states of cultural capital examined comprised institutionalised (maternal, paternal education) and objectified (educational, cultural resources) indicators. Results showed that: (1) cultural capital levels were lower in CHCs (vis-a-vis non-CHCs); (2) cultural capital was generally positively related to student achievement in CHCs and non-CHCs; (3) the relationships between all cultural capital indicators, except educational resources, and achievement were weaker in CHCs than non-CHCs; and (4) objectified (vis-a-vis institutionalised) cultural capital was more strongly associated with achievement in CHCs. These results suggest that the stronger sociocultural emphasis on education in CHCs may have moderated cultura...
TL;DR: The current situation in Malaysia as well as in many developed and developing nations is that females have outnumber men in higher education as mentioned in this paper, and access into higher education has traditionally been dominated by males.
Abstract: Access into higher education has traditionally been dominated by males. However, the current situation in Malaysia as well as in many developed and developing nations is that females have outnumber...
TL;DR: The authors understand multilateral institutions' role in the construction of desirable goals for educational reform and grasp the weight globalisation has on local practices of education, and understand the importance of multilateral institution's role in educational reform.
Abstract: Understanding multilateral institutions’ role in the construction of desirable goals for educational reform is a key element to grasp the weight globalisation has on local practices of education. C...
TL;DR: In this paper, the disparity between policy and practice in implementing learner-centred pedagogy has been well-documented, and acknowledging these challenges, this stu...
Abstract: In efforts to improve the quality of education, the disparity between policy and practice in implementing learner-centred pedagogy has been well-documented. Acknowledging these challenges, this stu...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the issues related to the lack of resources to adequately finance public education systems and explore potential solutions based on increased domestic resource mobilisation for public education.
Abstract: This forum seeks to problematise issues related to the lack of resources to adequately finance public education systems. It explores potential solutions based on increased domestic resource mobilis...
TL;DR: The authors describes research on how curriculum reform provides novel conditions for influencing teacher professionalism, drawing on Bernstein's theories of the "classification and framing" of curriculum reform, and draws on the concept of "curriculum framing".
Abstract: This paper describes research on how curriculum reform provides novel conditions for influencing teacher professionalism. It draws on Bernstein’s theories of the ‘classification and framing’ of cur...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on three Southern European countries, Italy, Portugal and Spain, to explore examples of projects that provide signposts for a critical popular education that contributes to an ongoing democratic process.
Abstract: This paper focuses on three Southern European countries, Italy, Portugal and Spain, to explore examples of projects that provide signposts for a critical popular education that contributes to an ongoing democratic process – one whereby citizens are developed as social actors and members of a collectivity rather than simply passive producers/consumers. This approach would serve as an alternative to the traditional ‘top-down’ and current hegemonic economy-oriented discourses. In so doing, the paper seeks to redress an imbalance in the English language adult education and learning literature that often overlooks alternative discourses to the mainstream on and from this part of the world.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors trace the founding process of Eastern Mediterranean International School (EMIS) by analyzing the motivations and interests of different stakeholders involved in the establishment process, and propose a model to analyze the motivations of the stakeholders.
Abstract: This study traces the founding process of Eastern Mediterranean International School (EMIS) by analysing the motivations and interests of different stakeholders involved in the establishment proces...