Showing papers in "Comptes Rendus Physique in 2018"

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a basic introduction to the topic of many-body localization, using the simple example of a quantum spin chain that allows us to illustrate several of the properties of this phase.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of various forms of artificial electromagnetic fields and spin-orbit couplings for matter and light and connect different communities, by revealing explicit links between the diverse forms and realizations of artificial gauge fields.

TL;DR: A critical review of the field with the intent of summarizing the principles underlying their birth and growth can be found in this article, which highlights the major accomplishments and progresses over the last 14 years, especially in the discovery of new microstructures and mechanical properties.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a new steel family called TWIP, which combines twinning and martensite transformation during straining to achieve high-strength steel families, some of them being already used in body in white (Dual Phase (DP) and TRIP steels).

TL;DR: In this paper, the single-crystal nickel-based superalloys for high-pressure turbine blades and the γ-TiAl-based alloys for low pressure turbine blades are presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, the Fermi-Hubbard model is applied to ultracold atoms, and the authors review the recent progress of the quantum simulation of the model with ultracolds.

TL;DR: The realization of the first high-brightness blue-light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in 1993 sparked a more than twenty-year period of intensive research to improve their efficiency as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: The first part of this paper briefly reviews the fundamental concepts of the RFID technology, and shows its link with the radio science, and a panorama of perspectives and the future directions of RFID applications dedicated to the service of Humanity.

TL;DR: A review of real-time dynamics of quantum impurity models and their realizations in quantum devices can be found in this article, where a single spin-1/2 coupled with an infinite collection of harmonic oscillators is considered.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the application of nano-beams to access high-spatial-resolution information on fragments sampled in historical or model artworks is presented, where various nano-analytical techniques can be applied, providing both identification and localization of various components.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize the recent advances in the metallurgy of aluminium alloys and from this analysis, try to outline future developments in this field, and give a personal view of what they think are the most relevant scientific contributions that can impact future technological developments.

TL;DR: In this article, the design strategy of metastable β titanium alloys is presented, and some recent key findings are highlighted and discussed, as well as the design strategies of such strain-transformable alloys.

TL;DR: In this article, the main phenomena governing the formation of precipitate microstructures in aluminum alloys are presented; they provide a qualitative understanding of the relationship between alloy chemistry, processing and final precipitated microstructure at the nanoscale.

TL;DR: The use of light-emitting diodes to generate white light is a research forefront in Physics and Ergonomics as discussed by the authors, and various technological approaches to white-light generation are presented.

TL;DR: This publication describes how t-stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) allows for the evaluation and interpretation of data acquired in a Ramesside tomb of the Theban Necropolis in Egypt and exploits the synergies between both methods to support interpretation and presentation of the results yielded.

TL;DR: In this article, a combinatorial approach combining numerical and experimental approaches is proposed to the specific requirements of alloy design and lead to improved understanding of fundamental processes of physical metallurgy, together with improved alloy compositions and processing.

TL;DR: In this paper, the evolution of lighting technologies used throughout the ages, and how the need for improvements was such that any new technology giving better and cheaper lighting was immediately implemented, was described.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the development and function of the xylem and phloem transport networks and present an overview of the evolution of reticulation through the lens of transport network optimization theory.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss several aspects of the scenarios of merging or emergence of Dirac points as well as the experimental investigations of these scenarios in condensed matter and beyond, in particular the possibility of controlling the existence of the Dirac point (or Dirac cones) existing in the electronic spectrum of graphene, performing interference experiments in reciprocal space, probing geometrical properties of the wave functions, of manipulating edge states, etc.

TL;DR: The analysis to be presented will indicate whether or not the drone-borne ground-penetrating radar is a feasible system and if it could be constructed with the technologies available today.

TL;DR: A rapid increase in the performance and quality of white LED light sources has changed the dynamics of electricity access in the last 10 years, reaching tens of millions of people with electric light who previously had no viable alternatives to fuel-based lighting, which is dangerous and expensive.

TL;DR: The Double Brewster Angle Effect (DBE) as discussed by the authors is an extension of the Brewster angle to double reflection on two orthogonal dielectric surfaces, which results from the combination of two pseudo-Brewster angles occurring in complementary incidence angles domains.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors illustrated how full Sun microwave observations can lead to an estimate of CME speeds and of the arrival time of the CME at the Earth, and the prediction of SEP events attaining the Earth.

TL;DR: A summary of the recent advances in the field, with a focus on the development of continuous approaches, which make it possible to treat granular media as a complex fluid and to develop a granular hydrodynamics, can be found in this article.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of measurements of the Boltzmann constant, k, the value of which is soon to be fixed at exactly 1.380 649 × 10 − 23 J⋅K−1 for the future revised Systeme international of units is presented.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of manmade waves observed by the ionospheric satellite DEMETER is presented, which concerns waves emitted by ground-based VLF and ELF transmitters, by broadcasting stations, by the power line harmonic radiation, by industrial noise, and by active experiments.

TL;DR: Recent work involving networks, considering effects due to the geometry, node distribution, distance-dependent link probability, mobility, directivity, and interference, is described.

TL;DR: The field of quantum simulation has received dramatic impetus thanks to the development of a variety of plateforms able to emulate a wide class of quantum Hamiltonians as discussed by the authors, which provides unprecedented opportunities to explore previously unreachable fields, test theoretical predictions, and inspire novel approaches.

TL;DR: In this article, a mixed discretization based on dual boundary elements residing on a suitably defined dual mesh is proposed to solve the forward EEG problem in high-resolution EEG imaging.

TL;DR: The Pair Distribution Function analysis method is presented, which based on diffraction data, allows access to the identification, microstructural characterization and quantification of phases constituting a complex mixture, independently of their amorphous or crystalline character.