Showing papers in "Computers in Human Behavior in 1985"

TL;DR: In this article, a meta-analysis of 32 comparative studies showed that computer-based education has generally had positive effects on the achievement of elementary school pupils These effects have been different, however, for programs of off-line computer-managed instruction (CMI) and for interactive computer-assisted instruction (CAI).

TL;DR: The authors used a Latin square design to assess the equivalence of computerized testing methods compared to traditional pencil-and-paper formats in a clinical setting and found that the computerized administration was preferred by 85% of the participants.

TL;DR: A computer-administered version of a test-attitudes screening instrument was examined for generalizability and evaluated against criteria for parallelism with the identical test in paper-and-pencil format to discuss implications for computerized testing.

TL;DR: The authors summarizes some of the Gestalt concepts and principles in the psychology of problem-solving and creative thinking, and proposes that re-examination of the classical Gestalt literature on problem solving and productive thinking may help guide psychologists in their effort to improve the simulation of complex human cognitive processes, particularly in the domain of problem solving.

TL;DR: Generally, the computer and pencil-paper formats proved comparable in terms of mean scale scores, test-retest correlations, and stability of high-point codes.

TL;DR: In this article, a representative narrative published for one MMPI codetype is used to support the author's belief that appropriately credentialed clinicians are still better able than computer software to interrelate test findings with each client's unique, observable characteristics and history.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze the potential problems with the administration of tests by computer, especially the interpretation of computer-administered tests with norms and validity data from paper and pencil administrations, and the impact of computerization on certain test-taker groups and item types.

TL;DR: The controversy surrounding computer-assisted psychological assessment is noted, the literature to date surveyed, and suggestions offered for potential consumers as discussed by the authors, and suggest that CBTIs be used as adjuncts in the assessment process rather than as substitutes for informed professional judgement.

TL;DR: In this article, it is argued that the continuing technological improvements being made on computers and their increasingly widespread use in society is likely to affect behavioral scientists in two ways: first, they themselves will become users of computers; and second, they will be called upon to evaluate and help control how computers impact human behavior.

TL;DR: How computers can substantially extend the range and ease of application of the behavioral process information monitoring procedures that are increasingly being used to capture and preserve traces of pre-decision information accessing behavior is illustrated.

TL;DR: Methods are presented for increasing the reliability of computer-based scoring and interpretation and branching strategies are described, including those designed to identify which of several dimensions of personality are most descriptive of a person.

TL;DR: In this article, a computer program was developed to assist in teaching a child the skills of self-observation and self-recording, where the computer served as program manager by setting goals, insuring goal rehearsal by the child, providing feedback, dispensing contingent reinforcement with video games, thinning the schedule of reinforcement, and maintaining records of behavioral change.

TL;DR: In this article, a microanalytic emotion coding system was used to explore the effects of computer use on children's emotional responses, and the results appeared to reflect the motivational value of emotions and children's interest in experiences which offer autonomy and control.

TL;DR: In an initial effort to answer this question 22 managers who use office automation were interviewed and found that important changes seem to occur in three areas: information used for decision making and associated beliefs concerning what kinds of problems can be solved, locus of decision making authority and managerial job characteristics as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, actual and potential applications of microcomputer technology in behavioral assessment are reviewed, including interview assessment, traditional methods in behavioural assessment, self-monitoring, psychophysiological methods, and direct observation programs.

TL;DR: In this article, human factors which predict successful patient-computer interaction were investigated, based on three outcome variables: interview completion, ease, and enjoyment, and the results indicate that patients, in general, respond well to computerized assessment procedures, but also highlight predictors of potential difficulties with interactive computerized assessments.

TL;DR: The potential of CBTI programs is highlighted with special attention to the use of the computer as a quantitative, research, and memory aid for the user of tests.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that computer technology is unique in that it decreases as well as increases the number and frequency of social interactions and that only computers increase the number of self-self interactions.

TL;DR: The nature of some of the challenges faced by computer-based assessment in the protection of the public interest are suggested and potential advantages of computerized assessment and test interpretation are provided.

TL;DR: For example, this article found that people with an internal locus of control perform equally well in a paired associate verbal learning task regardless of whether the trials are administered by a computer or human experimenter.

TL;DR: The greatest impetus for the computerization of practice in psychology will come from the rapidly changing health climate that will foster the formation of Preferred Provider Organizations (PPO) as discussed by the authors. But the dangers inherent are illustrated by several studies indicating that in spite of well-conducted reliability and validity studies, the effects of computerization on practice can be negative and thereby reduce quality care.

TL;DR: In this paper, an algorithm is described to convert natural language expressions into conceptual patterns and key-ideas for each patient and then patients with similar keyidea profiles are grouped into equivalence classes.

TL;DR: Emerging problems with the scientific basis for these computer interpretations which are based on the results of psychological tests are reviewed.

TL;DR: Some of the difficulties and misassumptions which can arise from discussions of brain functions in terms of computer terminology are discussed, and those issues which must be addressed are discussed by those who wish to use the computer as a substitute for the brain.

TL;DR: An examination of the need for standards for computer-based tests and test interpretation and questions about the value of the standard setting process are examined.