Showing papers in "Computers in Human Behavior in 1990"

TL;DR: This article found that psychological reactions to early mechanical and computer experiences differed between the three groups with etiological roots of computerphobia evident as early as childhood. Computerphobics appeared to suffer from a more generalized "technophobia" while Uncomfortable Computer Users were apprehensive only about computers.

TL;DR: The authors argue that conventional training strategies in elementary programming provide little guidance to the learner and offer little opportunities for mindful abstraction, which results in suboptimal automation and schema acquisition.

TL;DR: In an effort to reach these smokers, an interactive, behavioral, smoking cessation program was offered on the CompuServe computer network, which tailored treatment to each individual participant's smoking history, progress toward quitting smoking, and responses to questions posed by the computer system as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of self-managed relaxation and cognitive coping skills training on the anxiety and performance of 80 apprehensive computer trainees were examined, and the influence of a computer's user friendliness upon these measures was also examined.

TL;DR: In this article, the influence of task type, group structure, and extraversion on the amount of uninhibited speech in a computer mediated discussion was evaluated, and an inverse relationship was found between amount of inhibited speech and group productivity.

TL;DR: In this article, a cognitive model of learning is proposed for the layout of process-oriented learning environments, including computer-managed simulations, in which students employ their knowledge in the generation of solutions to complex, dynamic problems.

TL;DR: This paper examined the conceptions Chinese and Swedish psychology and computer science students have of computers and found that Chinese students were somewhat more optimistic about the effect of computers on society than were the Swedish students.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate the effects of computer-based instruction on the achievement of college students as a function of achievement status and mode of CBI instruction (i.e., CBI tutorials optional or mandatory) in the context of acourse taught under a Personalized Systems of Instruction format.

TL;DR: It can be shown that simple generating and testing of hypotheses with unstable graphs effectively reduces deficits in system control.

TL;DR: In this paper, a 15-week computer-based writing instruction, requiring participants to produce five essays: a pretreatment, descriptive essay, an expository essay; a narrative essay, a persuasive essay; and, a post-treatment, descriptive essays.

TL;DR: This paper evaluated the usefulness of response latency to differentiate between fake good and honest self-report to an adapted version of the Computerized Lifestyle Assessment (CLA) and found that emotional health provided the greatest discriminant power in differentiating between FA and honest responses.

TL;DR: This contribution deals with instruction-based knowledge acquisition in a fairly complex but well-defined domain, the operational knowledge about the interpreter of ABSYNT, a functional, visual programming language which was developed in this project.

TL;DR: For the first hour of learning the programming language LISP, a tutoring system was developed in which the amount of exploratory and receptive learning can be manipulated and the selective tutor condition was most effective.

TL;DR: In this paper, two programs for providing distance tutoring for at-risk elementary school children were implemented and evaluated in successive years, and each program employed 10 college education students as tutors for approximately 25 sixth-grade children.

TL;DR: It can be concluded, that on one hand it is easier to search for and detect the right source when source and target problems are similar in context in comparison to dissimilar or context free, but on the other hand it becomes more difficult to abstract and transfer the solution principle.

TL;DR: Effects on the speed of accurately locating a target character string within row, diagonal, and column information format categories, which also differed across two levels of packing, were investigated within a factorial experimental design.

TL;DR: For example, this paper found that nine out of 10 patients with OCD expressed a preference for answering questions at a computer, over filling out a questionnaire when being assessed for obsessive and compulsive symptons.

TL;DR: The authors argue for preventive approaches to reduce the risks of HIV transmission among African-American and Hispanic adolescents and describe an intervention for these adolescents that combines skills-based and interactive computer approaches.

TL;DR: The authors found that participants learned better with computer feedback, absent an examiner, and negative feedback, while both presence and evaluation interfere with performance, evaluation was the critical factor for improving performance.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of various conditions of problem presentation on solving complex problems, which are characterized by the use of dynamic models, were investigated. But no significant differences in problem-solving behavior were found when the presentation form was a model diagram emphasizing structural or process aspects, respectively.

TL;DR: In this paper, a training paradigm was designed to evaluate the viability of computer instruction in an extraneous stimulus restricted environment, and the role of innovative strategies in habilitative programming is discussed.

TL;DR: SOCRATES, for Subject Outline Curriculum Resource And Tutoring Expert System, is a comprehensive CAI tutorial on how to write curriculum as discussed by the authors. But it does not support the use of test data.

TL;DR: An APL computer program is described for calculating the constrained game function CGF(S) introduced by Charnes and his colleagues, which forms an important extension of the von Neumann-Morgenstern characteristic function.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the effects of an adaptive response time limit are more cognitive than motivational, so that they are in accordance with modern cognitive theories like ACT∗ and repair theory.

TL;DR: The MMPI Assistant as discussed by the authors is a profile interpretation program for psychiatric patient profiles that allows the inclusion of additional information by writing to a disk file suitable for editing with a word processor, rather than directly to the printer.

TL;DR: In this paper, a contribution of the optimization of the instruction of concepts is made, where a set of prescriptions for planning and controlling concept teaching is derived. But these prescriptions are applied to a computer-based instructional system with an authoring component, an error diagnosis component, and an adaptive remediation component.

TL;DR: The network structure used in NETtalk is reproduced to determine which characteristics of the network are responsible for which learning behavior, and how closely that maps human speech development.

TL;DR: The Electronic Museum as discussed by the authors is the use of computer technology to replace the traditional form of the art museum with its emphasis on the care of precious objects with a museum of electronic images that can be exchanged throughout the world by electronic methods.