Showing papers in "Computers in Human Behavior in 1991"

TL;DR: A meta-analysis of findings from 254 controlled evaluation studies showed that computer-based instruction (CBI) usually produces positive effects on students as discussed by the authors, and CBI programs raised student examination scores by 0.30 standard deviations in the average study.

TL;DR: In this article, the extent to which social perceptions during computer mediated communication are influenced by the availability of social information and are based on internalized social expectations was examined, which suggests that computer mediated social perceptions are indeed sensitive to social cues and that these social cues may invoke stereotypes or a priori expectations.

TL;DR: In this article, the validity of a newly developed computer anxiety questionnaire, the Computer Anxiety Rating Scale (CARS) of Heinssen, Glass, and Knight (1987), is tested.

TL;DR: The authors investigated the effects of age, gender, and computer experience on four subscales measuring attitudes towards computers and found that age and computer experiences did not significantly influence attitudes on some of the subscales.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of studies investigating the relation between personality dimensions and human-computer interaction is presented, which is divided into three topic areas: programming aptitude and achievement, programmer personality, and computer-assisted instruction (CAI).

TL;DR: In this article, the relation between anxiety towards computers and the variables: trait anxiety, anxiety towards mathematics, perceived impact of computers on society and experience in using computers were studied in a sample of 162 university students (81 women and 81 men).

TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest an individual differences approach to the issue of whether responses on computerized surveys are more candid than those on paper-and-pencil scales, and suggest that skilled and motivated impression managers would inflate their scores on an index of job satisfaction under paper andpencil assessment but would exhibit lower levels of job-satisfaction under computer.

TL;DR: This study investigates the use of an incorrect advice-giving expert system and suggests implications for developers and/or users in areas of certification, evaluation, risk assessment, validation, and verification of systems conveying a level of “expertise.”

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined sex differences, changes over time, and predictors of attrition from introductory computer classes and found that males who were less computer anxious and females who were more computer anxious were more likely to drop out.

TL;DR: Computer bulletin board users' perceptions of communication partners with whom they communicated via the computer were compared to their perceptions of the computer itself to support mechanomorphism and implications for implementation of computer communication networks are discussed.

TL;DR: A review of the literature dealing with the role of computers in psychiatric interviewing, and with role of the computer as a patient or a psychotherapist can be found in this article, where it is shown that patients are often more willing to reveal personal information to the computer during an initial interview, than to a clinician.

TL;DR: Testing of four hypotheses that examine differences in persuasive effect among three treatments provides the empirical link between graphics as a decision support tool and persuasive effect.

TL;DR: The attitudes and reactions of two samples of college students from Los Angeles, California, and Hunan, People's Republic of China, toward computers were examined and compared and the results indicate that computer anxiety is present to a similar degree for both samples of American and Chinese students as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Personal computers were used on an inpatient psychiatric ward at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center to administer cognitive rehabilitation to chronic psychiatric patients, indicating that computers could be used for a variety of therapeutic interventions.

TL;DR: Data show that tonic cardiovascular responses may be evoked by a time-pressured and realistic human-computer interaction, and the laboratory preparation may emulate functional properties of conditions that prevail in the VDT workplace.

TL;DR: In this article, a convergent and discriminant validation of the use of time related regimes in psychometric, on-line tests is provided, and evidence is provided that these reliability and correlations of speed and accuracy measures hold only for simple items.

TL;DR: The authors examined the impact on school personnel of a psychological report purported to have been authored by a computer-based test interpretation (CBTI) system versus a psychologist and found that authorship had virtually no effect on subjects' appraisal of the psychological report.

TL;DR: In this article, the impact of computer experience on computer aversion was studied in an introductory psychology course using a computerized tutorial program, where 1542 students, enrolled in 32 sections of an Introductory Psychology course utilizing a computerised tutorial program were surveyed.

TL;DR: Conceptual models bridge the gap between a microcomputer system and the user's mental representation of that system as mentioned in this paper, which is an instructional representation of a target system that will enable a learner to produce a mental representation.

TL;DR: The influence of gender, degree of dogmatism, and propensity for risk on attitudes toward information from computer and non-computer sources was investigated in this paper, and the results indicated that females have a significantly more positive attitude towards information from computers than do males.

TL;DR: A limited sample of mental health center clients' responses to the paper-and-pencil and computer-assisted versions of the Personal Problem Checklist (PPC) revealed no significant differences in symptomatology scores, but has indicated differences in the number of problems reported.

TL;DR: An exploration of the rhetorical contract, or the expectation for appropriate interaction, as it develops in human— computer interaction is reported, suggesting that the social nature of human—computer interactions can be examined with reference to the constructs applicable to other forms of communication.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of five variables (student grouping at the computer, keyboarding status, academic discipline, student gender, and gender of partner) on student social behavior, both verbal and affective, in microcomputer classrooms were examined.

TL;DR: The acceptability and educational effectiveness of an interactive videodisc simulation designed to teach stress management, medication compliance, and other community living skills to the chronically mentally ill was studied in this paper.

TL;DR: The Buros Institute of Mental Measurements is now producing reviews dedicated to the evaluation of computer-based test interpretive systems.

TL;DR: Probability concepts are used by key personnel in the trial court process, including lawyers and judicial decision-makers as mentioned in this paper, and are also present explicitly or implicitly in determining the probability of guilt or liability by a judge or a jury, and in deciding whether to convict or acquit.