Showing papers in "Consciousness and Cognition in 2005"

TL;DR: It is argued that individuals with autism show difficulties with cognitive and motor empathy but less clear difficulties with respect to emotional empathy, while individuals with psychopathy showclear difficulties with a specific form of emotional empathy but no indications of impairment with cognitive or motor empathy.

TL;DR: The claim is that a direct neuroscientific study of primary process emotional/affective states is best achieved through the study of the intrinsic ("instinctual"), albeit experientially refined, emotional action tendencies of other animals.

TL;DR: The degree of anatomical overlap among activation patterns associated with fronto-parietal activity in attention, working memory, episodic memory retrieval, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and bilateral parietal cortex was assessed.

TL;DR: Patients with delusions of control are abnormally aware of the sensory consequences of their actions and have difficulty with on-line corrections of movement, leading them to believe that their actions are being controlled by an external agent.

TL;DR: Results showed that (subliminal as well as supraliminal) priming of the position enhanced experienced authorship of stopping the square and this priming was not mediated by the goal or intention to produce the effect.

TL;DR: This work suggests more than a dozen additional properties of human consciousness that may be used to test comparative predictions, some of which apply to some birds, reptiles, large-brained invertebrates, and perhaps other species.

TL;DR: It is suggested here that people with Asperger syndrome suffer from a disconnection between a strong naïve egocentric stance and a highly abstract allocentric stance, and it is argued that the currently used distinction between first-person and third-person perspective-taking is orthogonal to the distinction between an egOCentric and an allocentric stances and therefore cannot serve as a critical test of allocentrism.

TL;DR: Focusing on delusional misidentification syndrome (DMS), it is found that frontal regions, as well as the right hemisphere appear to play a significant role in DMS and DMS related disorders.

TL;DR: It is concluded that a strong case can be made for avian species and that the case for cephalopods remains open, and a consistent effort should yield new means for interpreting animal behavior.

TL;DR: This work suggests that consciousness arose as a solution to problems in the logistics of decision making in mobile animals with centralized brains, and has correspondingly ancient roots.

TL;DR: This hypothesis that children who live in an environment in which their physical and psychological well-being is constantly threatened should have a highly activated dream production and threat simulation system, whereas children living in a safe environment that is relatively free of such threat cues should has a weakly activated system is tested.

TL;DR: The frequency and consistency of conscious recollection in autobiographical memory is reduced in patients with schizophrenia, and the frequency of patients' Guess responses was significantly enhanced.

TL;DR: Functional brain imaging data are reviewed and a hypothesis presented regarding a significant role for these areas in enabling degrees of self-awareness and participating in the management of such behavioral control.

TL;DR: It is found that individuals reporting recovered memories of CSA are more prone than other participants to falsely recalling and recognizing neutral words that were never presented and even held when trauma-related material was involved.

TL;DR: Suggestibility of participants was tested before and after an adapted hypnotic procedure, which was either labelled as 'hypnosis' or as 'relaxation,' and results indicate that labelling an induction procedure ' Hypnosis' is an important determinant of subsequent responses to suggestion.

TL;DR: This work assesses the consistency of ND with 16 widely recognized properties of consciousness, both physiological (for example, consciousness is associated with widespread, relatively fast, low amplitude interactions in the thalamocortical system), and phenomenal (for instance, consciousness involves the existence of a private flow of events available only to the experiencing subject).

TL;DR: Insight into how one is viewed by others can moderate negative impressions fostered by PD traits, according to a study of groups of people who knew each other well at the end of basic military training.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that the link between psychoticism and creativity is based on associative thinking and broader but weak top-down activation patterns rather than on goal-related thinking.

TL;DR: Subjectivity may be conserved in species with human-like brains and behavior because of the weight of the biological evidence.

TL;DR: A split-brain patient (an individual who underwent complete cerebral commissurotomy to relieve intractable epilepsy) was tested using morphed self-face images presented to one visual hemifield at a time while making "self/other" judgments, supporting a modular concept of self- Recognition and other-recognition, separately present in each cerebral hemisphere.

TL;DR: It is found that cognition within a dream scenario was similar to that of wake-state cognition, but that thinking about the scenario itself was deficient and very different than wake- state thinking.

TL;DR: Examining the functions of unconscious perception revealed by studies of emotional face perception under conditions of visual search suggests that methodologies that do not examine cognitive processes as they occur in more natural settings may result in fundamental misunderstandings of human cognition.

TL;DR: The adequacy of Daniel Wegner's theory of apparent mental causation is examined and whether, if accurate, it suggests that the authors' experience of agency and authorship should be considered illusory.

TL;DR: The obtained results support the view that strategy change is mediated by voluntary controlled processing, but do not support the views that strategychange is an inevitable, automatic consequence of task practice.

TL;DR: The model may offer a parsimonious account of different states and levels of imaginal consciousness, and of how "believed-in imaginings" develop and become under some circumstances "lived-in experiences."

TL;DR: Results showed that the Stroop interference effect was smaller in high hypnotizable subjects than in low hypnotizable Subjects, whereas it was not different between high, and medium hypnotizableSubjects performed a Stroop task designed to evaluate accuracy performance, before being subjected to hypnotic induction, and this outcome supports the notion that baseline attentional functioning is related to hypnotIC susceptibility.

TL;DR: Two experiments are presented that demonstrate that semantic processing may occur in the absence of attention and consciousness, and a negative semantic priming effect was found when a low-level prime- task was required and when a masked lexical decision prime-task was performed.

TL;DR: It is argued that studies not including DID-simulators or simulation-free memory tasks, should not be taken as evidence for (or against) amnesia in DID.

TL;DR: In this commentary, the implications of Merker's ideas for consciousness in artificial agents as well as animals are explored, and some possible objections to his evolutionary pressure claim are met.