Showing papers in "Contemporary Sociology in 1982"
TL;DR: Meta-analysis as discussed by the authors is an approach that systematically analyzes and synthesizes research, treating a field of research as a complex set of data to be accumulated and integrated, and it has much in common with survey research.
Abstract: How is a social scientist to cope with the cornucopia of already existing studies in his or her area? How to draw useable conclusions from a body of work that might run to 5000 items? Traditional narrative integration fails to usefully portray such accumulated knowledge. Meta-analysis is an approach that systematically analyzes and synthesizes research. This book is its first full explanation. Meta-analysis treats a field of research as a complex set of data to be accumulated and integrated. As such it has much in common with survey research -- though, as causal relationships may have already been established by the studies being surveyed meta-analysis need not suffer from the limitations of survey research as a tool for establishing causes. Besides showing how to derive generalizations from very large and divergent bodies of research, the authors also provide ways for enhancing the findings of few or small research studies, and techniques for evaluating the findings of individual experiments by contrasting them with the combined weight of findings from other studies. Their approach does not enforce uniformity on different research.Instead, it is a way to enhance clarity, explicitness and openness in research reviews. Its use will speed the first step of most research projects -- to see what has been done before -- and will help researchers to avoid costly research duplication.
726 citations
TL;DR: The Next Synthesis: 25 Years of Genes, Mind, and Culture as discussed by the authors is a collection of 25 years of gene, culture, and culture from the perspective of science and technology.
Abstract: # The Next Synthesis: 25 Years of Genes, Mind, and Culture # The Primary Epigenetic Rules # The Secondary Epigenetic Rules # Gene-Culture Translation # The Gene-Culture Adaptive Landscape # The Coevolutionary Circuit # The Biogeography of the Mind # Gene-Culture Coevolution and Social Theory
685 citations
632 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the roots of rock music and the everchanging components of the modern record-making process, by analyzing both the possibilities and the limits of regulating leisure in a capitalist society.
Abstract: After tracing the evolution of pop music, the book focuses on the roots of rock music and the everchanging components of the modern record making process. By analyzing both the possibilities and the limits of regulating leisure in a capitalist society, the article challenges the prevailing view that media conglomorates' efforts to channel and control their markets have succeeded in turning rock into another plastic readymade product. It is suggested that, in the end, the unpredictable and uncontrollable contradictions peculiar to rock music audiences, both resist and support the system and Other CABI sites
543 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the structure of the labor market and career at work are discussed. And the end of Fordism is discussed as well as the role of women in this process.
Abstract: List of tables and figures Preface 1. Workers and world views 2. The structure of the labor market 3. Careers at work 4. Interests, conflicts, classes 5. The end of Fordism? Notes Bibliography Index.
489 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Mendelsohn and Kagan discuss the continuous and the discrete in the history of science and the dynamics of growth, organization, and adaptive in the Central Nervous System.
Abstract: 1. Constancy and Change: A View of the Issues Orville G. Brim, Jr., and Jerome Kagan 2. Perspectives on Continuity Jerome Kagan 3. The Continuous and the Discrete in the History of Science Everett Mendelsohn 4. Continuities and Change in Maturational Timing Stanley M. Garn 5. The Dynamics of Growth, Organization, and Adaptability in the Central Nervous System Donald G. Stein and Ronald G. Dawson 6. The Endocrine System Charles H. Doering 7. Physical Health Barbara Starfield and!. B. Pless 8. The Course of Schizophrenic Psychosis Michael J. Goldstein 9. Cognitive Development in Childhood Joachim F. Wohlwill 10. Cognitive Development in Adulthood John L. Horn and Gary Donaldson 11. Longitudinal Study of Personality Development Howard A. Moss and Elizabeth J. Susman 12. Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs Norval D. Glenn 13. Criminal Behavior over the Life Span Hugh F. Cline 14. Schooling and Occupational Careers: Constancy and Change in Worldly Success David L. Featherman Index
445 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined the social exchange theories of relations between people and found that these theories tend to view communication as an exchange or extraction of benefit undertaken out of self interest, and how do they view a variety of interpersonal communication phenomena.
Abstract: This is a book which examines the social exchange theories of relations between people. These theories tend to view communication as an exchange or extraction of benefit undertaken out of self interest. The book attempts to answer three questions: What are these theories and how do their assumptions differ? How do they view a variety of interpersonal communication phenomena? And, what are their strengths and weaknesses? 'This highly readable book contributes by abstracting the substance of exchange, then attributing it to the human communication processes.' - "Sociology: Review of New Books", Vol 9 No 3.
TL;DR: The determinants of interest group formation: 1. "Fictitious bonds... of wealth and law" Charles S. Maier 2. Class formation, interest articulation and public policy Jurgen Kocka 3. Regime and interest representation Suzanne Berger 4. The functioning of interest groups 5. The attribution of public status to interest groups Claus Offe 6. German interest group alliances in war and inflation, 1914-1923 Gerald D. Feldman 7.
Abstract: Preface Introduction Suzanne Berger Part I. The determinants of interest group formation: 1. 'Fictitious bonds ... of wealth and law' Charles S. Maier 2. Class formation, interest articulation and public policy Jurgen Kocka 3. Regime and interest representation Suzanne Berger 4. Local corporatism Gudmund Hernes and Arne Selvik Part II. The functioning of interest groups 5. The attribution of public status to interest groups Claus Offe 6. German interest group alliances in war and inflation, 1914-1923 Gerald D. Feldman 7. Corporatism and official hegemony John T. S. Keeler 8. The internal politics of trade unions Charles F. Sabel Part III. State, society and representation: the changing relationship 9. Interests and parties in pluralism Alessandro Pizzorno 10. Interest intermediation and regime governability in contemporary Western Europe and North America Philippe C. Schmitter 11. May 1968 and the Hot Autumn of 1969 Michele Salvati 12. A century of politics and interests in Spain Juan J. Linz Index.
TL;DR: In this paper, the connections between philosophy/history and moral philosophy/theology are discussed, and a new final chapter has been added which elaborates on the connection between philosophy and history.
Abstract: First published in 1981this edition has a new final chapter which elaborates on the connections between philosophy/history and moral philosophy/theology.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the role of scientific establishment and hierarchy in the development of scientific knowledge and the creation of the scientific power elite, and the development and evolution of restrictedness in the sciences.
Abstract: I Scientific and Other Establishments.- Scientific Establishments.- The Scientific Power Elite - a Chimera The Deinstitutionalization and Politicization of Science.- The Hallmarks of Science and Scholasticism: A Historical Analysis.- Advice from a Scientific Establishment: the National Academy of Sciences.- II Establishments and Hierarchies in the Development of Scientific Knowledge.- Giving Life a New Meaning: The Rise of the Molecular Biology Establishment.- Two Scientific Establishments which Shape the Pattern of Cancer Research in Germany: Basic Science and Medicine.- Development and Establishment in Artificial Intelligence.- The Development of Restrictedness in the Sciences.- Scientific Disciplines and Organizational Specificity: the Social and Cognitive Configuration of Laboratory Activities.- III Establishing Boundaries and Hierarchies in the Sciences.- On the Autonomy of Pure Science: The Construction and Maintenance of Barriers between Scientific Establishments and Popular Culture.- Research Trails and Science Policies: Local and Extra-Local Negotiation of Scientific Work.- The Establishment and Structure of the Sciences as Reputational Organizations.