Showing papers in "Contemporary Sociology in 1990"

Regime Politics: Governing Atlanta, 1946-1988.

Abstract: From the end of Georgia's white primary in 1946 to the present, Atlanta has been a community of growing black electoral strength and stable white economic power. Yet the ballot box and investment money never became opposing weapons in a battle for domination. Instead, Atlanta experienced the emergence and evolution of a biracial coalition. Although beset by changing conditions and significant cost pressures, this coalition has remained intact. At critical junctures forces of cooperation overcame antagonisms of race and ideology. While retaining a critical distance from rational choice theory, author Clarence Stone finds the problem of collective action to be centrally important. The urban condition in America is one of weak and diffuse authority, and this situation favors any group that can act cohesively and control a substantial body of resources. Those endowed with a capacity to promote cooperation can attract allies and overcome oppositional forces. On the negative side of the political ledger, Atlanta's style of civic cooperation is achieved at a cost. Despite an ambitious program of physical redevelopment, the city is second only to Newark, New Jersey, in the poverty rate. Social problems, conflict of interest issues, and inattention to the production potential of a large lower class bespeak a regime unable to address a wide range of human needs. No simple matter of elite domination, it is a matter of governing arrangements built out of selective incentives and inside deal-making; such arrangements can serve only limited purposes. The capacity of urban regimes to bring about elaborate forms of physical redevelopment should not blind us to their incapacity to address deeply rooted social problems. Stone takes the historical approach seriously. The flow of events enables us to see how some groups deploy their resource advantages to fashion governing arrangements to their liking. But no one enjoys a completely free hand; some arrangements are more workable than others. Stone's theory-minded analysis of key events enables us to ask why and what else might be done. \"Regime Politics\" offers readers a political history of postwar Atlanta and an elegant, innovative, and incisive conceptual framework destined to influence the way urban politics is studied.

Jocks and burnouts: Social categories and identity in the high school.

Abstract: Dr Eckert shows how the school's institutional environment fosters the formation of opposed class cultures in the student population, which in turn serve as a social tracking system

The Roots of Evil: The Origins of Genocide and Other Group Violence.

Abstract: Pt. 1. Psychological and cultural bases of genocide and other forms of group violence: An introduction ; The origins of genocide and mass killing : core concepts ; The psychology of hard times : the effects of difficult life conditions ; Cultural and individual characteristics ; The psychology of perpetrators : individuals and groups ; Steps along a continuum of destruction : perpetrators and bystanders -- pt. 2. The Nazi Holocaust: Hitler comes to power ; Preconditions for the Holocaust in German culture ; Nazi rule and steps along the continuum of destruction ; The SS and the psychology of perpetrators ; The behavior and psychology of bystanders and victims -- pt. .3 Other genocides and mass killings: The Turkish genocide of the Armenians ; Cambodia : genocide to create a better world ; The disappearances : mass killing in Argentina ; Summary and conclusions : the societal and psychological origins of genocide and other atrocities -- pt. 4. Further extensions : the roots of war and the creation of caring and nonaggressive persons and societies: The cultural and psychological origins of war ; The nature of groups : security, power, justice, and positive connection ; The creation and evolution of caring, connection, and nonaggression.

Life events and illness

Abstract: PART ONE INTRODUCTION: Life events and measurement, George W. Brown. PART TWO LIFE EVENTS AND PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS: Depression, George W. Brown and Tirril O. Harris Anxiety, Robert Finlay-Jones Schizophrenia, Richard Day Endocrine changes and clinical profiles in depression, Paul Calloway and Raymond Dolan Diseases Adversity and psychiatric disorder - a decay model, Paul G. Surtees. PART THREE LIFE EVENTS AND PHYSICAL ILLNESS: Physical illness - an introduction, Tirril O. Harris Appendectomy, Francis Creed Abdominal pain, Tom K.J. Craig Disorders of menstruation, Tirril O. Harris Multiple sclerosis, Igor Grant et al Myocardial infarction, Eileen Neilson Outset, George W. Brown and Michael Marmot Functional dysphonia, Harry Andrews Interlude - the origins of life events and difficulties, George W. Brown and Tirril O. Harris. PART FOUR EPILOGUE: The LEDS findings in the context of other research - an overview, Tirril O. Harris and George W. Brown Summary and conclusions, George W. Brown and Tirril O. Harris.

The Social psychology of health

Abstract: Social Psychology and Health - Shirlynn Spacapan PART ONE: PSYCHOSOCIAL MEDIATORS OF HEALTH STATUS Psychosocial Mediators of Health Status - Shirlynn Spacapan An Introduction Perceived Stress in a Probability Sample of the United States - Sheldon Cohen and Gail M Williamson The Other Side of Perceived Control - Suzanne C Thompson, Paul R Cheek and Melody A Graham Disadvantages and Negative Effects Social Support and the Cancer Patient - Shelley E Taylor and Gayle A Dakof PART TWO: HEALTH PROMOTION Health Promotion Programs - Shirlynn Spacapan and Stuart Oskamp An Introduction The Organization as a Context for Health Promotion - James R Terborg The Community as a Focus for Health Promotion - Nathan Maccoby The Value Dimension in Studies of Health Promotion - Robert M Kaplan

Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America.

Abstract: As the first full-length study of the history of sexuality in America, \"Intimate Matters\" offered trenchant insights into the sexual behavior of Americans from colonial times to the present. Now, twenty-five years after its first publication, this ground-breaking classic is back in a crucial and updated third edition. With new and extended chapters, John D'Emilio and Estelle B. Freedman give us an even deeper understanding of how sexuality has dramatically influenced politics and culture throughout our history and into the present. Hailed by critics for its comprehensive approach and noted by the US Supreme Court in the landmark Lawrence v. Texas ruling, \"Intimate Matters\" details the changes in sexuality and the ongoing growth of individual freedoms in the United States through meticulous research and lucid prose.

Preschool in Three Cultures: Japan, China, and the United States.

Abstract: A comparison of Japanese, Chinese and American preschools, discussing how these schools both reflect and affect philosophies of child-rearing and early childhood education and larger social patterns and beliefs in each society.

Telephone survey methodology

Abstract: SECTION A: COVERAGE OF THE HOUSEHOLD POPULATION BY TELEPHONES.An Overview of Telephone Coverage (J. Massey). International Comparisons of Telephone Coverage (D. Trewin & G. Lee). Trends in the United States Telephone Coverage Across Time and Subgroups (O. Thornberry & J. Massey). Within--Household Coverage in RDD Surveys (D. Maklan & J. Waksberg). SECTION B: SAMPLING FOR TELEPHONE SURVEYS. Telephone Sampling Methods in the United States (J. Lepkowski). Implementing the Mitofsky--Waksberg Sampling Design with Accelerated Sequential Replacement (G. Burkheimer & J. Levinsohn). Cutoff Rules for Secondary Calling in a Random Digit Dailing Survey (C. Alexander). Minimum Cost Sample Allocation for Mitofsky--Waksberg Random Digit Dialing (R. Mason & F. Immerman).Weighting Adjustments for Random Digit Dialed Surveys (J. Massey & S. Botman).Stratification of Prefix Areas for Sampling Rare Populations (L. Mohadjer). Sampling Variance and Nonresponse Rates in Dual Frame, Mixed Mode Surveys (M. Sirken & R. Casady). SECTION C: NONRESPONSE IN TELEPHONE SURVEYS. An Overview of Nonresponse Issues in Telephone Surveys (R. Groves & L. Lyberg).Nonresponse: The UK Experience (M. Collins, et al.). Nonresponse Issues in Government Telephone Surveys (J. Drew, et al.). Survey Period Length, Unanswered Numbers, and Nonresponse in Telephone Surveys (J. Sebold). Effects of Interviewer Vocal Characteristics on Nonresponse (L. Oksenberg & C. Cannell). SECTION D: DATA QUALITY IN TELEPHONE SURVEYS.Measuring Data Quality (P. Biemer). Data Quality in Telephone and Face to Face Surveys: A Comparative Meta--Analysis (E. de Leeuw & J. van der Zouwen). Effects of Mode of Interview: Experiments in the UK (W. Sykes & M. Collins). A Comparison of Response Effects in Self--Administered and Telephone Surveys (G. Bishop, et al.). The Quality of Income Information in Telephone and Face to Face Surveys (E. Kormendi).Searching for Causes of Interviewer Effects in Telephone Surveys (L. Stokes & M.--Y. Yeh). SECTION E: COMPUTER--ASSISTED TELEPHONE INTERVIEWING. Computer--Assisted Telephone Interviewing: A General Introduction (W. Nicholls). The Design of CATI Systems: A Review of Current Practice (R. Baker & W. Lefes). Call Scheduling with CATI: Current Capabilities and Methods (M. Weeks). Questionnaire Design for CATI: Design Objectives and Methods (C. House & W. Nicholls). The Effects of CATI on Costs and Data Quality: A Comparison of CATI and Paper Methods in Centralized Interviewing (G. Catlin & S. Ingram). SECTION F: ADMINISTRATION OF TELEPHONE SURVEYS. Introduction: Administration of Telephone Surveys (L. Lyberg).Administrative Designs for Centralized Telephone Survey Centers: Implications of the Transition to CATI (S. Berry & D. O'Rourke). Observation of Behavior in Telephone Interviews (C. Cannell & L. Oksenberg). A Comparison of Centralized CATI Facilities for an Agricultural Labor Survey (R. Bass & R. Tortora). Administrative Issues in Mixed Mode Surveys (D. Dillman & J. Tarnai).Bibliography of Telephone Survey Methodology. Index.

Manufacturing Miracles: Paths of Industrialization in Latin America and East Asia

Abstract: Few observers of Mexico and Brazil in the 1930s, or South Korea and Taiwan in the mid-1950s, would have predicted that these nations would become economic "miracles" several decades later. These newly industrializing countries (NICs) challenge much of our conventional wisdom about economic development and raise important questions about international competitiveness and export success in manufacturing industries. In this volume economists, sociologists, and political scientists seek to explain the growth of the NICs in Latin America and East Asia and to reformulate contemporary development theory through an in-depth analysis of these two dynamic regions. Gary Gereffi and Colin I. Bradford, Jr., provide an overview of national development trajectories in Latin America and East Asia, while Barbara Stallings, Gereffi, Robert R. Kaufman, Tun-jen Cheng, and Frederic C. Deyo discuss the role of foreign capital, governments, and domestic coalitions in shaping development outcomes. Gustav Ranis, Robert Wade, Chi Schive, and Ren Villarreal look at the impact of economic policies on industrial performance, and Fernando Fajnzylber, Ronald Dore, and Christopher Ellison with Gereffi examine new agendas for comparative development research.Originally published in 1990.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Data Analysis for Research Designs: Analysis of Variance and Multiple Regression/Correlation Approaches.

Abstract: \"Data Analysis for Research Designs\" covers the analytical techniques for the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression/correlation (MRC), emphasizing single-degree-of-freedom comparisons so that students focus on clear research planning. This text is designed for advanced undergraduates and graduate students of the behavioral and social sciences who have an understanding of algebra and statistics.

Seeing Voices: A Journey Into the World of the Deaf.

Abstract: Oliver Sacks has been described (by "The New York Times Book Review") as "one of the great clinical writers of the 20th century," and his books, including the medical classics Migraine and Awakenings, have been widely praised by critics from W. H. Auden to Harold Pinter to Doris Lessing. In his last book, "The Man Who Mistook His Wife For A Hat", Dr. Sacks undertook a fascinating journey into the world of the neurologically impaired, an exploration that Noel Perrin in the "Chicago Sun-Times" called "wise, compassionate, and very literate...the kind that restore(s) one's faith in humanity."Now, with "Seeing Voices", Dr. Sacks takes us into the world of the deaf, a world he explores with the same passion and insight that have illuminated other human conditions for his readers everywhere. "Seeing Voices" is a journey: a journey first into the history of deaf people, the (often outrageous) ways in which they were seen and treated in the past, and the new understanding that started to dawn in the eighteenth century; and a journey into the present situation of the deaf - a situation which, all too often, is still one of misunderstanding and mistreatment. Dr. Sacks writes of how he has come to see deaf people "in a new light, as a people, with a distinctive language, sensibility, and culture of their own."Indeed, it is only in the last ten years that the extraordinary and beautiful visual-gestural language of the deaf - Sign - has been fully recognized as a language, as linguistically complete, rich, and expressive as any spoken language, a language with its own distinctive basis in the brain. The one overwhelming peril for the deaf is to be kept from achieving language competence of any kind, to be denied access to both Sign and speech, and that tragedy is completely preventable by early exposure to Sign. Sign is also social and cultural. It lies at the heart of the many manifestations of "deaf consciousness" in the past twenty years, among them the remarkable uprising of the deaf students at Gallaudet University in 1988. The revolt gained international attention and showed the world decisively that deaf people have "come of age" and no longer want to be treated as "disabled." Dr. Sacks gives a vivid personal account of the revolt and ponders its implications for the future.All his encounters in the course of this exhilarating journey raise issues of surprising depth and richness which, though of paramount interest to deaf people and all concerned with them, also extend powerfully to the human condition in general.

Labour process theory

Abstract: Since the appearance of Braverman's "Labour and Monopoly Capital", the impact of labour process analysis has been experienced in the fields of industrial sociology, organization theory, industrial relations, labour economics, politics and business studies. The annual UMIST-Aston Labour Process Conferences have provided a regular forum for advancing empirical and theoretical analysis in these fields. By combining a selection of papers delivered at these conferences with specially commissioned contributions, the series examines various aspects of the employment relationship across the range of productive and service industries. In this review of the contribution of labour process theory to the study of work organization, various contributors explore the theoretical foundations of labour process analysis and suggest new directions for its development. The contriubtors include Gibson Burrell, Paul Edwards, Andrew Friedman, David Knights, Craig Littler, Dominic Strianti, Paul Thompson, Mark Wardell, Jackie West and High Willmott.

Immigration and the Politics of Citizenship in Europe and North America.

Abstract: 2016-17 Fellow, Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin 2011 Appointed to UCLA Foundation Chair 2009 Elected Member of American Academy of Arts and Sciences 1999-2000 Guggenheim Fellowship 1995-96 Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences 1994-99 MacArthur Fellowship 1994-99 National Science Foundation Young Investigator Award 1988-1991 Junior Fellow, Society of Fellows, Harvard University

Social representations and the development of knowledge

Abstract: List of figures List of tables Acknowledgements 1. Introduction Gerald Duveen and Barbara Lloyd 2. The underlife of the nursery school: young children's social representations of adult rules William A. Corsaro 3. A semiotic analysis of the development of social representations of gender Barbara Lloyd and Gerald Duveen 4. Children's representations of social relations Nicholas Emler, Jocelyne Ohana and Julie Dickinson 5. Social representations of childhood: an implicit theory of development Maria D'Alessio 6. What is in an image? The structure of mothers' images of the child and their influence on conversational styles Luisa Molinari and Francesca Emiliani 7. The acquisition of reflexive social emotions: the transmission and reproduction of social control through joint action Gun R. Semin and Kalliroi Papadopoulou 8. From social cognition to social representations in the study of intelligence Felice F. Carugati 9. Prototypes of the psychologist and professionalisation: diverging social representations of a developmental process Paola De Paolis 10. Social psychology and developmental psychology: extending the conversation Serge Moscovici Author index Subject index.

Attitude structure and function

Abstract: Why are Attitudes Important?, A.G. Greenwald Interdependence of Attitude Theory and Measurement, T.M. Ostrom The Structure of Individual Attitudes and of Attitude Systems, W.J. McGuire The Cognitive Representation of Attitudes, A.R. Pratkanis The Structural Bases of Consistency Among Political Attitudes - Effects of Political Expertise and Attitude Importance, C.M. Judd and J.A. Krosnick Structure and Function in Political Belief Systems, P.E. Tetlock On the Power and Functionality of Attitudes - the Role of Attitude Accessibility, R.H. Fazio Automatic and Controlled Processes in Prejudice - the Role of Stereotypes and Personal Beliefs, P.G. Devine Attitudes, Decisions and Habits as Determinants of Repeated Behaviour, D.L. Ronis et al Attitude Structure and Behaviour, I. Ajzen Attitude Structure and Function - From Tripartite to the Homeostasis Model of Attitude, J.T. Cacioppo et al Operationalizing Functional Theories of Attitude, S. Shavitt Understanding the Functions of Attitudes - Lessons from Personality and Social Behaviour, M. Snyder and K.G. Debono Beliefs as Possessions - a Functional Analysis, R.P. Abelson and D.A. Prentice Need for Structure in Attitude Formation and Expression, D.W. Jamieson and M.P. Zanna On Defining Attitude and Attitude Theory - Once More With Feeling, S.J. Breckler and E.C. Wiggins Why Attitudes are Important (Defining Attitude and Attitude Theory 20 Years Later), A.G. Greenwald.

The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: Twelve Lectures.

Abstract: The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity is a tour de force that has the immediacy and accessibility of the lecture form and the excitement of an encounter across, national cultural boundaries. Habermas takes up the challenge posed by the radical critique of reason in contemporary French poststructuralism.Tracing the odyssey of the philosophical discourse of modernity, Habermas's strategy is to return to those historical \"crossroads\" at which Hegel and the Young Hegelians, Nietzsche and Heidegger made the fateful decisions that led to this outcome. His aim is to identify and clearly mark out a road indicated but not taken: the determinate negation of subject-centered reason through the concept of communicative rationality. As The Theory of Communicative Action served to place this concept within the history of social theory, these lectures locate it within the history of philosophy. Habermas examines the odyssey of the philosophical discourse of modernity from Hegel through the present and tests his own ideas about the appropriate form of a postmodern discourse through dialogs with a broad range of past and present critics and theorists.The lectures on Georges Bataille, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Cornelius Castoriadis are of particular note since they are the first fruits of the recent cross-fertilization between French and German thought. Habermas's dialogue with Foucault - begun in person as the first of these lectures were delivered in Paris in 1983 culminates here in two appreciative yet intensely argumentative lectures. His discussion of the literary-theoretical reception of Derrida in America - launched at Cornell in 1984 - issues here in a long excursus on the genre distinction between philosophy and literature. The lectures were reworked for the final time in seminars at Boston College and first published in Germany in the fall of 1985.Jurgen Habermas is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Frankfurt. The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity is included in the series Studies in Contemporary German Social Thought, edited by Thomas McCarthy.

The Competitive City: The Political Economy of Suburbia.

Abstract: With the rise of cities as geographical units, there have been a growing number of municipal partnerships and networks. Government-led intercity cooperation at regional scaleregional city-to-city (C2C) cooperation booms in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in the last two decades. Urban competitiveness is a concept tied to intercity competition that decides the relative position of cities in urban ranking. In regional C2C cooperation, urban competitiveness serves as the asset of partner-cities and usually as one of the primary targets of the cooperation. However, there is a general lack of studies on the influence of urban competitiveness on regional C2C cooperation. The introduction of the perspective of urban competitiveness is an approach of developing a comprehensive framework connecting factors of regional C2C cooperation. The objective of this research is to analyze the influence of urban competitiveness on regional C2C cooperation in China's local context. In this study, the added value of regional C2C cooperation is divided into added value of urban competitiveness and political added value brought by intervention from upper-level governments. Three typology of C2C cooperation (i.e. hybrid, hierarchical and spontaneous) have