Showing papers in "Contemporary Sociology in 1992"

Basics of qualitative research : grounded theory procedures and techniques

Abstract: Introduction Getting Started Theoretical Sensitivity The Uses of Literature Open Coding Techniques for Enhancing Theoretical Sensitivity Axial Coding Selective Coding Process The Conditional Matrix Theoretical Sampling Memos and Diagrams Writing Theses and Monographs, and Giving Talks about Your Research Criteria for Judging a Grounded Theory Study

Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts.

Abstract: You may not be perplexed to enjoy all books collections domination and the arts of resistance hidden transcripts james c scott that we will certainly offer. It is not with reference to the costs. It's roughly what you infatuation currently. This domination and the arts of resistance hidden transcripts james c scott, as one of the most enthusiastic sellers here will no question be along with the best options to review.

How college affects students : findings and insights from twenty years of research

Abstract: Foreword 1. Studying College Outcomes: Overview and Organization of the Research 2. Theories and Models of Student Change in College 3. Development of Verbal, Quantitative, and Subject Matter Competence 4. Cognitive Skills and Intellectual Growth 5. Psychosocial Changes: Identity, Selt--Concept, and Self--Esteem 6. Psycholsocial Changes: Relating to Others and the External World 7. Attitudes and Values 8. Moral Development 9. Educational Attainment 10. Career Choice and Development 11. Economic Benefits of College 12. Quality of Life After College 13. How College Makes a Difference: A Summary 14. Implications of the Research for Policy and Practice AppAndix: Methodological and Analytical Issues in Assessing the Influence of College

Whose Science? Whose Knowledge?: Thinking from Women's Lives

Abstract: Introduction - after the science question in feminism. Part 1 Science: feminism confronts the sciences how the women's movement benefits science - two views why "physics" is a bad model for physics. Part 2 Epistemology: what is feminist epistemology "strong objectivity" and socially situated knowledge feminist epistemology in and after the enlightenment. Part 3 "Others": "...and race?" - the science question in global feminism common histories, common destinies - science in the first and third worlds "real science" thinking from the perspective of lesbian lives reinventing ourselves as other Conclusion - what is a feminist science.

Death without weeping: the violence of everyday life in Brazil

Abstract: Prologue: Sugar House Introduction: Tropical Sadness Chapter 1: O Nordeste: Sweetness and Death Chapter 2: Bom Jesus: One Hundred Years Without Water Chapter 3: Reciprocity and Dependency: The Double Ethic of Bom Jesus Chapter 4: Delirio de Fome: The Madness of Hunger Chapter 5: Nervoso: Medicine, Sickness, and Human Needs Chapter 6: Everday Violence: Bodies, Death, and Silence Chapter 7: Two Feet Under and a Cardboard Coffin: The Social Production of Indifference to Child Death Chapter 8: (M)Other Love: Cultue, Scarcity, and Maternal Thinking Chapter 9: Our Lady of Sorrows: A Political Economy of the Emotions Chapter 10: A Knack for Life: The Everyday Tactics of Survival Chapter 11: Carnaval: The Dance Against Death Chapter 12: De Profundis: Out of the Depths Epilogue: Acknowledgments and Then Some Notes Glossary Bibliography Index

Science as practice and culture

Abstract: Science as Practice and Culture explores one of the newest and most controversial developments within the rapidly changing field of science studies: the move toward studying scientific practice--the work of doing science--and the associated move toward studying scientific culture, understood as the field of resources that practice operates in and on. Andrew Pickering has invited leading historians, philosophers, sociologists, and anthropologists of science to prepare original essays for this volume. The essays range over the physical and biological sciences and mathematics, and are divided into two parts. In part I, the contributors map out a coherent set of perspectives on scientific practice and culture, and relate their analyses to central topics in the philosophy of science such as realism, relativism, and incommensurability. The essays in part II seek to delineate the study of science as practice in arguments across its borders with the sociology of scientific knowledge, social epistemology, and reflexive ethnography.

The Reasoning Voter: Communication and Persuasion in Presidential Campaigns

Abstract: "The Reasoning Voter" is an insider's look at campaigns, candidates, media, and voters that convincingly argues that voters make informed logical choices. Samuel L. Popkin analyzes three primary campaigns Carter in 1976; Bush and Reagan in 1980; and Hart, Mondale, and Jackson in 1984 to arrive at a new model of the way voters sort through commercials and sound bites to choose a candidate. Drawing on insights from economics and cognitive psychology, he convincingly demonstrates that, as trivial as campaigns often appear, they provide voters with a surprising amount of information on a candidate's views and skills. For all their shortcomings, campaigns "do" matter. "If you're preparing to run a presidential campaign, and only have time to read one book, make sure to read Sam Popkin's "The Reasoning Voter." If you have time to read two books, read "The Reasoning Voter" twice." James Carville, Senior Stategist, Clinton/Gore '92 "A fresh and subtle analysis of voter behavior." Thomas Byrne Edsall, "New York Review of Books""Professor Popkin has brought V.O. Key's contention that voters are rational into the media age. This book is a useful rebuttal to the cynical view that politics is a wholly contrived business, in which unscrupulous operatives manipulate the emotions of distrustful but gullible citizens. The reality, he shows, is both more complex and more hopeful than that." David S. Broder, "The Washington Post""

The hollow hope : can courts bring about social change?

Abstract: In follow-up studies, dozens of reviews, and even a book of essays evaluating his conclusions, Gerald N. Rosenberg's critics - not to mention his supporters - have spent nearly two decades debating the arguments he first put forward in "The Hollow Hope". With this substantially expanded second edition of his landmark work, Rosenberg himself steps back into the fray, responding to criticism and adding chapters on the same-sex marriage battle that ask anew whether courts can spur political and social reform.Finding that the answer is still a resounding no, Rosenberg reaffirms his powerful contention that it's nearly impossible to generate significant reforms through litigation. The reason? American courts are ineffective and relatively weak - far from the uniquely powerful sources for change they're often portrayed to be. Rosenberg supports this claim by documenting the direct and secondary effects of key court decisions - particularly Brown v. Board of Education and Roe v. Wade. He reveals, for example, that Congress, the White House, and a determined civil rights movement did far more than Brown to advance desegregation, while pro-choice activists invested too much in Roe at the expense of political mobilization. Further illuminating these cases, as well as the ongoing fight for same-sex marriage rights, Rosenberg also marshals impressive evidence to overturn the common assumption that even unsuccessful litigation can advance a cause by raising its profile.Directly addressing its critics in a new conclusion, "The Hollow Hope" promises to reignite for a new generation the national debate it sparked seventeen years ago.

Scale Development: Theory and Applications.

Abstract: Chapter 1: Overview General Perspectives on Measurement Historical Origins of Measurement in Social Science Later Developments in Measurement The Role of Measurement in the Social Sciences Summary and Preview Chapter 2: Understanding the \"Latent Variable\" Constructs Versus Measures Latent Variable as the Presumed Cause of Item Values Path Diagrams Further Elaboration of the Measurement Model Parallel \"Tests\" Alternative Models Exercises Chapter 3: Reliability Continuous Versus Dichotomous Items Internal Consistency Relability Based on Correlations Between Scale Scores Generalizability Theory Summary and Exercises Chapter 4: Validity Content Validity Criterion-related Validity Construct Validity What About Face Validity? Exercises Chapter 5: Guidelines in Scale Development Step 1: Determine Clearly What it Is You Want to Measure Step 2: Generate an Item Pool Step 3: Determine the Format for Measurement Step 4: Have Initial Item Pool Reviewed by Experts Step 5: Consider Inclusion of Validation Items Step 6: Administer Items to a Development Sample Step 7: Evaluate the Items Step 8: Optimize Scale Length Exercises Chapter 6: Factor Analysis Overview of Factor Analysis Conceptual Description of Factor Analysis Interpreting Factors Principal Components vs Common Factors Confirmatory Factor Analysis Using Factor Analysis in Scale Development Sample Size Conclusion Chapter 7: An Overview of Item Response Theory Item Difficulty Item Discrimination False Positives Item Characteristic Curves Complexities of IRT When to Use IRT Conclusions Chapter 8: Measurement in the Broader Research Context Before the Scale Development After the Scale Administration Final Thoughts References Index About the Author

From Sex Roles to Gendered Institutions

Abstract: Gender has become, in the last twenty years, part of the everyday language of social science, largely as a consequence of the feminist movement and the accompanying intellectual efforts to better understand the systematic and widespread subordination of women and their domination by men. Although the term is widely used, there is no common understanding of its meaning, even among feminist scholars (Butler 1990). In sociology, feminists began with one view of gender, which has been gradually broadened and changed, although the newer view has not totally displaced the older one. To argue that there are two views of gender within sociology is, of course, to oversimplify a complex discussion containing a number of different positions and overlapping viewpoints. However, casting these positions into two views is, I believe, helpful in highlighting the emergence of a new way of thinking about central institutional processes in our society. In the earlier usage, gender is another word for sex or for women; the study of gender is the study of women, sex roles, or both. Gender, in this view, is an area or a field, but one that is peripheral to the central concerns of sociology, of interest primarily to specialists. In the newer usage, gender is theorized as a basic principle of social structure and cultural interpretation (e.g., Scott 1986; Acker 1988). Rather than being a specialized area within an accepted domain, gender is the patterning of difference and domination through distinctions between women and men that is integral to many societal processes. This way of theorizing gender criticizes and challenges existing frameworks, arguing that women and gender roles cannot just be added to existing theory and that theories that are silent about gender are fundamentally flawed. This more radical view of gender is part of the ongoing development of feminist theory and method; hence the elaboration of gender is still in process. In this essay I explore these different definitions of gender and what it means to talk about gendered institutions. Gender was first employed to emphasize the social and relational nature of differences between women and men in contrast to biological differences between the sexes. Sex was nature and gender was nurture. In the language of sociology, gender roles replaced sex roles, as gender represented more accurately than sex the social construction of identities and roles dividing societies into women and men. Sex and gender were interdependent, but clearly distinguished. Gender was social, thus variable and subject to change, while sex represented the essential and unchanging physical differences in human reproduction. An implicit causal link existed between sex and gender. Positing a clear distinction and a causal link between sex and gender was a useful tactic for those feminist sociologists who took a biosocial view of gender (e.g., Rossi 1984) and saw gendered behavior as at least in part physiologically determined. Although the contribution of physiological differences to social behavior is not settled, for me and others, this distinction between sex and gender became problematic. Variations in actions and feelings among both men and women, as well as similarities between women and men, seemed too great to allow tracing behavior to biological differences. Another problem had to do with the meaning of sex. Sex signifies differences between female and male bodies, such as external genitalia, hormonal production, ovaries and sperm. These differences define the binary categories male and female and serve as signs that persons belong to one or the other. Although the categories are seen as natural, thus prior to social intervention in the form of gender, the identification of certain physical characteristics as the basis for categorizing people and the assignment of

Beyond methodology : feminist scholarship as lived research

Abstract: 1. Back to the Future: A Look at the Second Wave of Feminist Epistemology and Methodology Mary Margaret Fonow and Judith A. Cook 2. The Man of Professional Wisdom Kathryn Pyne Addelson 3. Learning from the Outsider Within: The Sociological Significance of Black Feminist Thought Patricia Hill Collins 4. WomenOs Research or Feminist Research? The Debate Surrounding Feminist Science and Methodology Maria Mies 5. Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in the Social Sciences: Current Feminist Issues and Practical Strategies Toby Epstein Jayaratne and Abigail J. Stewart 6. Race and Class Bias in Qualitative Research on Women Lynn Weber Cannon, Elizabeth Higginbotham, and Marianne L.A. Leung 7. Researching the WomenOs Movement: We Make Our Own History, But Not Just As We Please Verta Taylor and Leila J. Rupp 8. Objectivity and Truth: Problems in Doing Feminist Research Joan Acker, Kate Barry, and Johanna Esseveld 9. Separate but Equivalent: Equal Pay for Work of Comparable Worth Ronnie Steinberg and Lois Haignere 10. The Different Worlds of Women and Men: Attitudes toward Pornography and Responses to Not a Love Story-A Film about Pornography Pauline B. Bart, Linda N. Freeman, and Peter Kimball 11. Household Resources and U.S. Womens Work: Factors Affecting Gainful Employment at the Turn of the Century Christine E. Bose 12. Women in Agriculture: Counting the Labor Force in Developing Countries Ruth Dixon-Mueller 13. Coauthorship, Gender, and Publication among Sociologists Kathryn B. Ward and Linda Grant 14. Feminist Research, Feminist Consciousness, the Experiences of Sexism Liz Stanley and Sue Wise 15. Sharing Feminist Research with Popular Audiences: The Book Tour Laurel Richardson Contributors Index

Best-Laid Schemes: A Psychology of Emotions.

Abstract: List of figures and tables Acknowledgments Prologue Part I. Theory and Function: 1. The structure of emotions 2. Intuitive and empirical approaches to understanding 3. Rationality and emotions 4. Mutual plans and social emotions Part II. Conflict and Unpredictability: 5. Plans and emotions in fictional narrative 6. Stress and distress 7. Freud's cognitive psychology of intention: the case of Dora Part III. Enjoyment and Creativity: 8. Happiness 9. Putting emotions into words Epilogue Notes References Author index Subject index.

Culture, Globalization and the World-System: Contemporary Conditions for the Representation of Identity

Abstract: Introduction.- A.D.King The Local and the Global: Globalization and Ethnicity.- S.Hall Old and New Identities.- S.Hall Social Theory, Cultural Relativity and the Politics of Globality.- R.Robertson The National and the Universal: Can there be such a thing as World Culture?.- I.Wallerstein Scenarios for Peripheral Cultures.- U.Hannerz Interrogating Theories of the Global.- J.AbuLughod, B.Abou-el-Haj, M.Turim, A.King & J.Tagg The Global and the Specific: Reconciling Conflicting Theories of Culture.- J.Wolff.

Coming to public judgment : making democracy work in a complex world

Abstract: In this work, the foremost figure in American public opinion research offers a provocative prescription for strengthening the public's hand in its silent power struggle with the experts. Yankelovich sees a need for a proper balance of power and influence between the public and elite groups.

Talk and social structure : studies in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis

Abstract: Introduction: Structure in action, Don H.Zimmerman and Deirdre Boden. Part 1 Current debates: social structure and the sequential organization of interaction, Thomas P.Wilson reflection on tall and social structure, Emmanuel A.Schegloff the school's work of sorting students, Hugh Mehan. Part 2 Talk and institutions: on the institutional character of institutional talk - the case of news interviews, John Heritage and David Greatbatch talk and institution - a reconsideration of the "assymetry" of doctor-patient interaction, Paul the Have perspective display sequences and the delivery and receipt of diagnostic news, Douglas W.Maynard. Part 3 Structure in action: the structure of direction-giving in interaction, George Psathas hold the phone, Robert Hopper opening sequences in Dutch telephone conservations, Hanneke Houtkoop-Steenstra conversation-in-a-series, Graham Button. Appendix: Transcription notation.

Immigration and the work force: economic consequences for the United States and source areas.

Abstract: Since the 1970s the striking increase in immigration to the United States has been accompanied by a marked change in the composition of the immigrant community with a much higher percentage of foreign-born workers coming from Latin America and Asia and a dramatically lower percentage from Europe. This [study presents] new data sets on the labor force wage rates and demographic conditions of both the U.S. and source-area economies through the 1980s. The contributors analyze the economic effects of immigration on the United States and selected source areas with a focus on Puerto Rico and El Salvador. They examine the education and job performance of foreign-born workers; assimilation fertility and wage rates; and the impact of remittances by immigrants to family members on the overall gross domestic product of source areas. (EXCERPT)

Global environmental change : understanding the human dimensions

Abstract: Global environmental change often seems to be the most carefully examined issue of our time. Yet understanding the human side--human causes of and responses to environmental change--has not yet received sustained attention. Global Environmental Change offers a strategy for combining the efforts of natural and social scientists to better understand how our actions influence global change and how global change influences us. The volume is accessible to the nonscientist and provides a wide range of examples and case studies. It explores how the attitudes and actions of individuals, governments, and organizations intertwine to leave their mark on the health of the planet. The book focuses on establishing a framework for this new field of study, identifying problems that must be overcome if we are to deepen our understanding of the human dimensions of global change, presenting conclusions and recommendations.