Showing papers in "Cortex in 2019"

TL;DR: This review examines the structural connectivity of a recently-identified fiber pathway, the frontal aslant tract (FAT), and suggests that the FAT plays a domain general role in the planning, timing, and coordination of sequential motor movements through the resolution of competition among potential motor plans.

TL;DR: Systemically explored the association between tDCS, these parameters and induced after-effects on motor cortex excitability and provides further insights on the dependency of tDCS -induced neuroplasticity from the stimulation parameters, and therefore delivers crucial information for future applications.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the TPJ-pSTS is the basis of a third frontoparietal processing stream that underlies the increased social abilities in humans and is described as a hub that coordinates the activities of multiple brain networks in the exploration of the complex dynamic social scenes typical of the human social experience.

TL;DR: The view that learning to appreciate morphological relationships may be a vital part of acquiring a direct mapping between printed words and their meanings, represented in the ventral brain pathway of the reading network is developed.

TL;DR: This work demonstrates that studies on the human brain specializations underlying the language connectome can benefit from current methodological advances in comparative neuroanatomy and suggests that cortical expansion alone cannot account for the species differences in the surface representation of AF.

TL;DR: A novel 'connectopic mapping' data-analysis approach is applied to the resting-state fMRI data of participants of the Human Connectome Project, and it is demonstrated that the functional organisation of the hippocampal longitudinal axis is gradual rather than segregated into parcels.

TL;DR: This review discusses an aspect of episodic memory called recognition memory and its subcomponents called recollection and familiarity and what aspects of the hippocampus are expected to be deficient in function as they relate to these recognition memory impairments in PD.

TL;DR: The multicomponent model of working memory is regarded as reflecting a hierarchy of buffer stores with buffer storage providing an effective way of combining information from two or more streams that may differ in either the speed of input or in the features coded.

TL;DR: A comprehensive overview on the state-of-the-art of the research on the neural mechanisms of morphological processing covering a wide range of electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG and MEG) as well as structural/functional magnetic resonance imaging (s/fMRI) studies that focus on morphologicalprocessing.

TL;DR: It is argued that comparative neuroimaging's most significant potential lies in its ability to collect large-scale datasets of many species to investigate principles of variability in brain organisation across whole orders of species.

TL;DR: The results provide evidence for the involvement of pre-stimulus oscillatory alpha amplitude but not phase in perception and provide a clear-cut EEG analysis pipeline that should support the adoption of a hypothesis-driven framework for future replications and applications.

TL;DR: This work uses a rapid event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm and finds convergent evidence for a number signal in low-level visual cortex (areas V1, V2, and V3) and provides strong support for the hypothesis that number is rapidly and directly encoded early in the visual processing stream.

TL;DR: A comparative analysis of primate cerebral size and neocortical folding using magnetic resonance imaging data from 65 individuals belonging to 34 different species suggests that the most likely model for neuroanatomical evolution is one where differences appear randomly (the Brownian Motion model), however, alternative models cannot be completely ruled out.

TL;DR: Test if baseline concentrations of the neurochemicals GABA and glutamate are associated with an individual's response to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) found relative concentrations in the prefrontal cortex were associated with the degree to which active stimulation disrupted response selection training.

TL;DR: It is suggested that temporary verbal memory emerges from the coordinated interplay of a fronto-temporal sensory-motor circuit that has evolved to support the perception and production of speech.

TL;DR: A third "interactive" model is proposed, arguing the interdependence between body-ownership and the sense of agency: these constructs might represent different experiences with specific and exclusive brain correlates, but they also could partly overlap at the neurofunctional level.

TL;DR: This work retrace differential impairments in social capacities as a means to re-conceptualize psychopathological disturbance in psychiatry, including schizophrenia, borderline personality, and autism.

TL;DR: Examination of individual differences in neural activity elicited by grammatical agreement anomalies during language comprehension in a large cohort of highly literate, monolingual English speakers shows that systematic individual variation in engagement of neural system supporting grammatical processing is found even in language users at the highest end of the proficiency spectrum and in grammatically simple sentences.

TL;DR: There is no one-on-one relationship between asymmetries for language, written word and face recognition, and the results suggest individuals with left hemisphere dominance for word production will have typical lateralization for word andFace recognition in the fusiform gyrus, whereas participants with right language dominance (RLD) will demonstrate 'atypical' rightward laterality for words and leftward dominance for faces.

TL;DR: Reduced interhemispheric connectivity involving homotopic regions may be a potential biomarker for ASD with bilateral posterior cingulate, insula and superior temporal gyrus connections being associated with symptom severity.

TL;DR: Overall data suggests, in humans, the anatomo-functional subdivision of the human hand-knob in two sectors, possibly subserving different roles in motor control.

TL;DR: The results are consistent with a precision modulation of auditory prediction error in a musical context, and suggest that this effect is specific to features that depend on the manipulated dimension-pitch information, in this case.

TL;DR: The results suggest that learners can acquire basic statistical properties of language without directly focusing on the speech input, potentially opening up previously overlooked opportunities for language learning, particularly in adult learners.

TL;DR: It is argued that factors like linguistic alignment, joint attention and brain-entrainment to speech operate with a language-idiosyncratic neural configuration, modulating the alignment of neural activity between speakers and listeners, and should be considered when addressing interpersonal communication.

TL;DR: These findings paint a complex picture of neural and behavioural responses to prefrontal stimulation in healthy subjects and provide only limited support for state-dependent effects of HD-tDCS over the DLPFC overall.

TL;DR: A series of logical steps to formally test the relationship between a coherent RSN with a cognitive domain showed involvement of the proposed semantic network, but not the DMN, in task-based semantic cognition.

TL;DR: Using voxel-based morphometry, whole-brain grey matter volumes are correlated with scores on three experimental tasks that targeted familiarity judgment, semantic/biographical information retrieval, and naming, which shed light on the neuroanatomical substrates of key components of overt face processing, addressing issues of functional lateralization, and deepening the understanding of neural substrate of semantic knowledge.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated, for the first time, that the left supramarginal gyrus is one of the key nodes of the STM network involved in retaining an abstract representation of serial order information, independently from the content information, namely the nature of the item to be remembered, which instead is stored separately.

TL;DR: Findings provide compelling evidence in favor of the contribution of both networks within the right hemisphere to the restoration of normal-like sentence processing patterns in chronic aphasia.

TL;DR: The results suggest that observers did not integrate audiovisual spatial signals weighted exactly in proportion to their relative reliabilities for localization, which may be explained by observers' uncertainty about the world's causal structure as accounted for by Bayesian causal inference.