Showing papers in "CSI Transactions on ICT in 2019"

Abstract: The formidable increase in the number of smaller and smarter embedded devices has compelled programmers to develop more and more specialized application programs for these systems. These resource intensive programs that have to be executed on limited memory systems make a strong case for compiler optimizations that reduce the executable size of programs. Standard compilers (like LLVM) offer an out-of-the-box -Oz optimization option—just a series of compiler optimization passes—that is specifically targeted for the reduction of the generated executable size. In this paper, we aim to analyze the effects of optimizations of LLVM compiler on the reduction of executable size. Specifically, we take the size of the executable as a metric and attempt to divide the -Oz series into logical groups and study their individual effects; while also study the effect of their combinations. Our preliminary study over SPEC CPU 2017 benchmarks gives us an insight into the comparative effect of the groups of passes on the executable size. Our work has potential to enable the user to tailor a custom series of passes so as to obtain the desired executable size.

Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) has gained tremendous popularity with the recent fast-paced technological advances in embedded programmable electronic and electro-mechanical systems, miniaturization, and their networking ability. IoT is expected to change the way of human activities by extensively networked monitoring, automation, and control. However, widespread application of IoT is associated with numerous challenges on communication and storage requirements, energy sustainability, and security. Also, IoT data traffic as well as the service quality requirements are application-specific. Through a few practical example cases, this article presents IoT data driven unique communication approaches and optimization techniques to reduce the data handling footprint, leading to communication bandwidth, cloud storage, and energy saving, without compromising the service quality. Subsequently, it discusses newer challenges that are needed to be tackled, to make the IoT applications practically viable for their wide-ranging adoption.

Abstract: India has a rich tradition where good governance is highly valued. The theme of good governance is emphasized by a lineage of thought leaders from Kautilya in 230 BCE (परजासख सख राजञः परजाना च हित हितम । नातमपरिय हित राजञः परजाना त परिय हितम ॥ अरथशासतरः १.१९.४३ ॥ Chapter 19 titled राजपरणिधिः duties of the king in Arthashastra of Kautilya. The happiness of the king is in the happiness of the people, his welfare is in the welfare of the people. The welfare of the king lies not in what he desires, but what his subjects desire) to Mahatma Gandhi [Mahatma Gandhi propounded the concept of “Su-raj” and according to him “good governance” has the following eight attributes, which link it to its citizens: (1) accountable, (2) transparent, (3) responsive, (4) equitable and inclusive, (5) effective and efficient, (6) follows the rule of law, (7) participatory and (8) consensus oriented] in recent times. However, achieving good governance in a country of size of India is hard. Good governance needs to address social, cultural, ethical and process dimensions. Governance not only needs to be good and efficient, but needs to human-centric. At times even well-intentioned and well-thought out processes of Government cause lot of trauma to common citizens. On the contrary doing away with safeguards is inviting disaster. To meet the objective of human-centric good governance, we have developed Tantra social information management framework. Tantra framework makes use of concepts from Zachman framework and unified foundational ontology. The framework itself is modeled as a social network (entity–entity network). Tantra framework interoperates with models such as balanced score card, theory of change and Bartels’ theory of separations. This paper describes the Tantra framework and how it can be applied to transform India’s electoral democracy.

Abstract: Our initial research work was focussed on employing metaheuristic optimization techniques to design optimal digital signal processing (DSP) systems such as the full band, conventional infinite impulse response differentiators and integrators meeting the accurate magnitude responses with a smaller average group delay. Since, integer order systems are a tight subset of the fractional order (FO) systems the research has been extended towards the optimal design of FO differentiators and integrators in the discrete domain with improved frequency response performances. Specific emphasis was laid on the feasibility of the designed FO differentiators in controlling a double-integrator plant. Analogue Butterworth filter with fractional stepping in the transition band has also been realized using an optimal integer-order rational transfer function. In future, we intend to design and implement generalized fractional-order filters on FPGA/DSP kit and FPAAs.

Abstract: Initial synchronization and cell-search in cellular based systems is the first step of establishing communication link between user equipment (UE) and base station (BS). Under this process UE aligns to the timing and frequency of the BS and acquires critical information like cell-ID, frame number and system bandwidth. Narrow band IoT (NB-IoT) is 3GPP defined cellular based IoT technology in which cell-search is facilitated through a set of two signals namely NB primary synchronization signal (NPSS) and NB secondary synchronization signal (NSSS). Across all BS, the same NPSS sequence is used. However, the NSSS sequences is used to distinguish them using a cell identity. We assume NPSS based initial synchronization is carried out to estimate timing and frequency offsets using existing traditional algorithms. In this paper, we first propose NSSS detection algorithm which is used to detect cell-ID and partial information of frame numbering. Post initial cell-search, UE has to be constantly synchronized to the BS in order to transmit or receive the data. For this purpose of periodic tracking of the timing and frequency offsets we make use of NB reference signals (NRSs). In the second part of the paper, we present an algorithm to track the residual time and frequency offsets using NRS which are distributed across frequency and time grid. We show novel algorithms that achieve significant detection performance even at low SNR values like − 12 dB which is the typical operating range for low power NB-IoT devices. The simulation results prove these claims.

Abstract: Unraveling the mechanisms that regulate gene expression is a major challenge in biology. An important task in this challenge is to identify regulatory elements, especially the binding sites in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) for transcription factors. These binding sites are short DNA segments that are called motifs. The motifs are short, recurring patterns in DNA sequences that are presumed to have a biological function. Motif discovery has been one of the most widely studied problems in bioinformatics ever since genomic sequences have been available. Recent advances in genome sequence availability and in high throughput gene expression analysis technologies have allowed for the development of computational methods for motif discovery. As a result, a large number of motif finding algorithms have been implemented and applied to various motif models over the past decade. Since regulatory elements are frequently short and variable, their identification and discovery using computational algorithms is difficult. However, significant advances have been made in the computational methods for modeling and detection of DNA regulatory elements. The detection of regulatory elements from a large set of regulatory regions is a challenging problem in computational genomics. However, computational methods to extract this biological meaningful information suffer from high computational requirements. High performance computing appears as a magic bullet in this challenge. Designing a parallel algorithm to detect regulatory elements using correlation with gene expression data and its implementation with openMPI and openMP will leads to significant runtime savings on distributed system. Solving computationally intensive problems on high performance computing architecture can significantly improve and speedup the run time of the problem solution when proper task distribution, scheduling strategy and suitable parallel computing paradigms are used. Deploying more and more cluster computers can bridge the gap of speed difference between architectures and will result in fewer numbers of concurrent jobs that can be allocated to the system.

Abstract: In order to overcome the limitations of MOSFET, researchers have proposed various alternative techniques like material engineering, gate engineering, work function engineering, structural engineering, spacer engineering, gate oxide engineering and so on. Among these researchers have looked out for an alternative device which can replace the MOSFETs in future. Fin Field-effect Transistor (FinFET) is very promising device and it can replace the traditional MOSFET for low power applications. FinFET can control the channel from all the three side of the gate and provides outstanding performance against SCEs and very high on to off current ratio. FET-based biosensors are gaining interests due to their compact sizes, prevalent manufacturing processes, label-free detection, and established physics-based explanations. The most common geometrical modifications in FETs employed for biomolecule detection are based on gating effect and dielectric modulation. In the former, the gate material of a FET is replaced by a layer of suitable receptors over the gate dielectric material, which upon conjugation of the charged biomolecules reflects a change in the energy bands in the channel, and hence, the currents. In the latter, a portion of the gate dielectric material is etched out to form a nanogap; when biomolecules are immobilized in the nanogap, the dielectric constant of the gap changes, and a change is reflected in the drain current. The gating effect is best suited for charged biomolecules, whereas dielectric modulation aids in sensing both charged and neutral biomolecules. Im et al. proposed a dielectric modulated FET-based biosensor after the ion sensitive FETs proposed in 1970s. Sarkar and Banerjee presented a nanowire TFET in demonstrating the gating effect for positively charged biomolecules. Further, tunneling in photodiodes under zero illumination is involved in developing a portable circuit generating random numbers. The objective of the design is to highlight the importance of tunneling in a simple device such as a photodiode, and show qualitatively how leakage currents arising out of tunneling can be useful for certain purposes.

Abstract: With the availability of hybrid DRAM and NVRAM memory on the memory bus of CPUs, a number of file systems on NVRAM have been designed and implemented. In this paper we present the design and implementation of a file system on NVRAM called DurableFS, which provides atomicity and durability of file operations to applications. It provides ACID properties to transactions involving multiple files. Due to the byte level random accessibility of memory, it is possible to provide these guarantees without much overhead. We use standard techniques like copy on write for data, and a redo log for metadata changes to build an efficient file system which provides durability and atomicity guarantees to transactions. Benchmarks on the implementation shows that there is only a 7% degradation in performance due to providing these guarantees.

Abstract: In this article, the overview of the following research works are described. (1) Multi-spectral image analysis: discrimination of changed and unchanged pixels in the multi-temporal satellite images using the unsupervised techniques like Otsu’s thresholding of local neighborhood information based technique; local binary similarity pattern descriptor based technique, (2) Hand gesture recognition: static hand gesture recognition in real-time; design of robust classifier against orientation and scale sensitivity; development of an interactive system for hand gesture based applications, (3) Electroencephalogram signal analysis for detection of P300 based brain computer interface spellers with alphabetic writing systems: using principal component analysis and ensemble of weighted support vector machines (SVMs); using score normalization of ensemble SVMs, (4) Electrocardiogram signal analysis: cardiac arrhythmia classification based on convolutional neural network.

Abstract: This manuscript contains a brief overview of the work being carried out by the author under the aegis of Visvesvaraya Young Faculty Research Fellowship awarded to him by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), India.

Abstract: My research looks at the work of Analog Signal Processing. This area primarily draws focus on circuits dealing with signal processing. This focus on the role of elements or components that is required in analog signal processing/generation circuits like filter, oscillators, inductor simulation etc.

Abstract: Cavity soliton (CS), a unique class of localized pattern inside a wide-area, driven cavity system is investigated from the perspective of mathematical modeling as well as applications in optical information technology. Possibility of generation of CSs is explored in different cavity systems; all having a vertical cavity surface emitting laser as the key component. Parametric space for the stability of the CS and the CS clusters is demarcated. The potential of using such CS as future ‘bits’ of information is elaborated. Schemes are developed to demonstrate how the cluster formation of CSs can be used to realize all-optical multilevel data encryption system. The role of nonlinear saturable absorber for the generation of CS is highlighted. In certain operating conditions the CSs exhibit spontaneous movement that basically owes to the gradients present in the system. Interaction dynamics of two or more CSs are investigated. Besides the regular ones the CSs show-off few unique dynamics like ‘all-optical push broom’ and ‘all-optical-marching’. The possibility and challenges to utilize the gradient-driven CS dynamics for the realization of ‘on-chip’ microscope are discussed.

Abstract: In this report, we study different device applications which utilizes oxide layers grown by dual ion beam sputtering (DIBS) system. DIBS system is noteworthy since it produces high-quality thin films with reasonably better compositional stoichiometry, small surface roughness and good adhesion to the substrate even for films grown at room temperature. DIBS system parameters affect the oxide and non-oxide layer in a very significant manner and control of these parameters allows for fine-tuning the as-grown thin films specialize for specific applications.

Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the problem of surface roughness in ultra-scaled Copper (Cu) interconnects. It is seen that surface roughness can severely degrade the electrical and thermal performance of Cu interconnects. This penalty has largely been ignored that has resulted in fairly optimistic models and estimates. It is in this context that this paper and our ongoing work gains significance. The authors make an attempt to present the big picture with reference to interconnect surface roughness and its implications on various design metrics.

Abstract: Amorphous semiconductors are an important class of semiconductors due to their low temperature deposition and high areal homogeneity over large areas which have been used mainly for display back panel driving circuits. Recent improvements in carrier mobilities in multi-component amorphous semiconductors have opened new area of applications for these amorphous semiconductors. To develop new multi component amorphous structures with optimized electronic properties, it is essential to understand the electron transport behavior in these materials. We have compared electronic structure of amorphous oxide and amorphous oxy-nitride semiconductors to understand the electronic transport in these semiconductors. We also propose certain methods to significantly reduce the computational time required to generate new multi-component amorphous structures and to study their electronic properties such that the development of new amorphous semiconductors with optimized electronic properties can be accelerated.

Abstract: India has experiened an explosive growth in broadband customers over the last three years from 192 million [1] in September 2016 to 407 million in 2017 [2], and further to 481 million in Sept 2018 [3]. Of all the internet subscribers in India as on September 2018 [3], only 21 million are on wireline broadband whereas more than 370 million are using 4G. In summary, the primary telecom infrastructure for access is, and will be, wireless in India for the foreseeble future not only for voice applications but also for broadband, and by extension, for IoT (Internet of Things) as well. We expect the same to be true globally of many developing countries but this also true in many areas of the developed world where the infrastructure is based on copper. The ambition for wireless is to provide infrastructure better than copper where it is impossible, or economically infeasible, to lay fiber. We are in the Information Age about which Arthur C. Clarke said, ‘‘The Information Age offers much to mankind, and I would like to think that we will rise to the challenges it presents. But it is vital to remember that information—in the sense of raw data—is not knowledge, that knowledge is not wisdom, and that wisdom is not foresight. But information is the first essential step to all of these.’’ Facilitated by broadband connectivity, we have embraced the first step and are generating as much information as we can, and as quickly as possible. However, the average LTE speed in India is 6.07 Mbps as per Opensignal Report [4] and is much lower than the 44 Mbps in Singapore due to higher user density in India and but neither country is happy with it. The 4G availability in Korea is 97.49% whereas India has an availability of 86.26% with no country even approaching the 99.999% reliability which is required to handle applications such as remote surgery. The network latency in India varies from 66–80 ms [5] and while many countries are indeed better, the network latencies are still is much higher than what newer applications demand. The requirement to improve user-experienced data rate, reliability and latency for mission critical applications is triggering the development of a new wireless infrastructure to be established broadly through ‘‘5G’’ or ‘‘IMT 2020.’’ The key aspect of higher user-experienced data rate is addressed through more spectrum and greater spectral efficiency. More spectrum drives us to use millimeter-wave bands, and higher spectral efficiency drives us to adopt advanced techniques like full-duplex and massive MIMO. Full-duplex wireless technology enables users to transmit and receive at the same time, and in the same frequency band, thus effectively doubling the data rate, or spectral efficiency. The paper by Arjun Nadh, Rakshith Jagannath and Radha Krishna Ganti surveys various approaches being discussed today for full duplex. This paper reviews the fundamental problem of self-interference in a full-duplex wireless node, and suggests multiple techniques for selfinterference cancellation involving analog, digital and hybrid approaches. Increased capacity can be achieved by using multiple antennas and this approach is termed MIMO (Multiple & Jishnu Aravindakshan jishnu@tejasnetworks.com

Abstract: The proposed work describes a novel way to use the existing communication infrastructure based sensing to monitor the change in the environment (CommSense). The key idea to this technology lies in focusing on already known information from received signal e.g. Pilot carriers in the communication signal frames. Comparing the received signal with the expected properties of the pilot, we can get an estimate of change in the environment based on change in channel properties. Existing Long Term Evolution telecommunication infrastructure is utilized for this environment sensing task. After the channel characteristics are estimated, those can be used to obtain phenomenological knowledge of the environment using Application Specific INstrumentation framework. This system was implemented using software defined radio platform and GNURadio software support.

Abstract: Sparse representation is widely used in signal/image reconstruction, denoising, restoration, feature extraction, etc. During data compression most of the low magnitude transform coefficients are thrown away while keeping only the high magnitude coefficients. In some practical applications, data acquisition itself is a major challenge, like, signal acquisition in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), body area networks (BAN), remote sensing, etc. According to compressed sensing theory if signal/image is sparse in some transform domain and acquired with respect to another basis incoherent to the sparse representation basis then one can reconstruct the underlying signal/image just from a few random projections. Multi-dimensional signal processing involving MRI, BAN and remote sensing images takes significant amount of computational time because of their raw data size. Therefore, state-of-the-art sparse reconstruction algorithms developed for parallel computing with multi-core CPU and GP-GPU is required for realtime or near-realtime implementations.

Abstract: Developing and optimizing FET platforms for label free bio molecule detection has gained huge interest in recent years. This paper presents a charge control model based sensitivity analysis of an optimized GaN HEMT for pH and biomarker detection. Analytical modeling, simulation and fabrication of the device have been discussed in this paper with focus on its sensing application. The overall aim is to enhance the sensitivity of AlGaN/GaN HEMT by epitaxial optimization and contact optimizations and deliver a highly efficient end product with desired sensitivity for bio/chemical detection.

Abstract: With the rapid technological advances in acquiring data from diverse platforms in cancer research, numerous large scale omics and imaging data sets have become available, providing high-resolution views and multifaceted descriptions of biological systems. Simultaneous analysis of such multimodal data sets is an important task in integrative systems biology. The main challenge here is how to integrate them to extract relevant and meaningful information for a given problem. The multimodal data contains more information and the combination of multimodal data may potentially provide a more complete and discriminatory description of the intrinsic characteristics of pattern by producing improved system performance than individual modalities. In this regard, some recent advances in multimodal big data analysis for cancer diagnosis are reported in this article.

Abstract: Due to the rapid advances of technologies, the scaling of parameters are decreasing. In VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) technology, the feature size of integrated circuits (IC) has driving reduced in terms of power, speed, area and cost characteristics. The decreasing the sizes in sub-quarter microns, spacing between the components on-chip VLSI design and the signal switching time in terms of pico seconds or even less. As a result, the signal integrity (SI) issues are occurring at higher frequencies and high data rates. The evaluation of crosstalk noise between the coupled interconnect is one of the prominent issue in designing of high-speed ICs. In this paper, investigated the crosstalk noise of coupled copper (Cu) interconnect models with analytically at 32 nm technology nodes. Also, investigated the crosstalk reduction with shield insertion technique and increasing physical spacing between the coupled lines. For the low power VLSI applications, the shield insertion technique is preferable for reducing the crosstalk effects in coupled interconnects.

Abstract: Despite active research in input device development, the visually impaired community still find difficulty in interacting with computers. Braille and other conventional methods have limitations while inputting data to the computer due to their vision loss. Gesture-based interaction can offer them a new vista of computer interaction. However, one needs to consider their performance and preference towards hand gesture. So, a gesture elicitation study is done with 25 visually impaired users. A quantitative rating analysis is performed with them, and an optimal set of gestures is obtained. Further, a dactylology is proposed using which visually impaired users can interact with computers. A recognition module is also presented to recognise the dactylology symbols.

Abstract: This report covers the research work being carried out under the Visvesvaraya PhD Scheme for Electronics & IT.

Abstract: This work encapsulates research being carried out in the Device and Wafer Level Characterization Lab at the Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Delhi in the field of nano-electronics device characterization and modeling. Performance of different multi-gate device architectures, as well as their reliability and variability in different working conditions is investigated using measurement and simulations. The reliability of 180-nm fully and partially-depleted SOI MOSFETs has been extensively studied against heavy-ion irradiation for outer space applications. Exposure to heavy ion radiation can result in single event effects in semiconductor-based devices and circuits. Therefore, the transient response to heavy ion irradiation is presented for 6T-SRAM cell. Moreover, self-heating (SH) is an undesirable phenomenon in highly scaled sub-10 nm devices and it is also a major reliability concern. The heat accumulation in devices due to SH is explored and a comparison among nanowire FET, FinFET, and iFinFET is presented. Our results show that the device performance will be affected for space as well as analog and digital applications due to self-heating and heavy-ion irradiations. Process variability is also an obstacle at sub-10 nm device design and its proper consideration is important for analog as well as digital circuit designs. Therefore, we have extracted a SPICE based compact model for nanowire FETs from the measured data. We then run Monte-Carlo simulations to incorporate the effects of process variations on the performance of nanowire-MOSFETs.

Abstract: We consider two-way amplify-and-forward FDD massive multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) relaying system, where multiple half-duplex (HD) user-pairs exchange information via a shared HD relay equipped with massive MIMO. To design and study the performance of these systems, we require channel state information in uplink as well as in downlink. For the uplink of the system model, we use conventional low-complexity MMSE estimator for the channel estimation, wherein the number of orthogonal pilots required for uplink channel estimation are of the order of the number of users. However, in the massive MIMO relay systems, the downlink channel estimation becomes challenging, because of increased pilot overhead in proportion to the number of antennas at the relay and employing conventional channel estimation approaches will result in poor spectral efficiency. The massive MIMO channels exhibits sparse structure in the angular domain, due to limited scattering environment. We exploit this channel sparsity to reduce the pilot overhead by performing sparse Bayesian learning-based downlink channel estimation. Furthermore, practical massive MIMO systems are built with low-cost hardware components which makes the massive MIMO system prone to hardware impairments like phase and quantization errors. In this paper, we numerically analyze the effect of hardware impairments on the two-way multi-pair half-duplex massive MIMO relay systems.

Abstract: This paper deals with a framework to selectively offload the cellular networks’ data traffic onto WiFi (IEEE 802.11) networks to improve network performance. Existing architectures that are proposed based on the IETF Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) framework to support seamless data offloading lacks flow-level mobility support and have single point of failure. Recently, IETF has proposed extensions to PMIPv6 to support flow-mobility, in which the mobility decisions are done at the Packet Gateway (PGW). This adds complexity at the edge of the LTE core network. This paper presents a Seamless Internetwork Flow Mobility (SIFM) architecture that overcomes these drawbacks and provides seamless flow-mobility support using concepts of software defined networking (SDN). The SDN paradigm decouples the control and data plane, leading to a centralized network intelligence and state, providing several advantages. The SIFM architecture utilizes this aspect of SDN and moves the mobility decisions to a centralized Flow Controller. This provides a global network view while making mobility decisions and also reduces the complexity at the PGW. A proof-of-concept prototype of SIFM architecture is implemented on an experimental testbed. The LTE network is emulated by integrating USRP B210x with the OpenLTE eNodeB and OpenLTE EPC. WiFi network is emulated using hostapd and dnsmasq daemons running on Ubuntu 12.04. An off-the-shelf LG G2 mobile phone running Android 4.2.2 is used as the user equipment. We demonstrate seamless mobility between the LTE network and the WiFi network with the help of ICMP ping and a TCP chat application.

Abstract: Full-duplex wireless nodes can transmit and receive at the same time and in the same frequency band, thus effectively doubling the data rate. In these systems, the transmit signal interferes with the receive signal, a phenomena termed as self-interference. Self-interference is a major impediment to realising a full-duplex wireless node. In the recent years, there has been significant research on self-interference mitigation. In this paper, we survey important techniques for self-interference cancellation from the past few years. In particular, we focus on the various RF and baseband self-interference cancellation techniques for realising an ideal full-duplex node.

Abstract: In this article, I have briefly described one of my research areas namely text summarization. The problem definition, state of the art techniques and some preliminary results are presented. There are different types of summarization systems available like document summarization, microblog summarization, multimodal summarization, figure-assisted summarization. These different areas are described briefly in the current article.

Abstract: The proliferation and penetration of smart phones and IoT devices is having profound impact on world economy. In order to support billions of wirelessly connected devices, and tackle exponentially increasing traffic demands and ever-increasing Quality of Experience and energy efficiency requirements of diverse services and applications being carried over communication network infrastructure, convergence and coexistence of various radio access technologies (RATs) is required. In this work, we present various architectures and traffic steering mechanisms for efficient interworking of LTE and Wi-Fi networks and evaluate their performance for carrying TCP traffic which is sensitive to out-of-order delivery of packets at the receiver. Unlike interworking which requires simultaneous usage of both LTE and Wi-Fi radios at user equipment (UE), mobile operators are considering deployment of LTE-U/LAA in unlicensed bands so that only one radio is used at UE. However, to use unlicensed bands LTE-U/LAA needs to fairly co-exist with Wi-Fi. To address this inter-RAT hidden terminal problem, we present novel solutions that either rely on a central inter-RAT controller or work without any such controller in a distributed manner.

Abstract: With a growing interest in the Internet of Things (IoT), the businesses are undergoing a revolution in the way they monitor and control. In the recent past, many applications were developed using the IoT system architectures in various business verticals such as industrial, healthcare, farming, transportation, etc. However, with the development of low-complex artificial intelligence frameworks which are capable of operating on the edge devices, the IoT architectures have taken a major leap leading to the Internet of Intelligent Things (IoIT). In this paper, we discuss our focused research and applications of IoIT across the following verticals: (1) healthcare, (2) smart buildings, (3) farming, along with the recent state of the art methodologies and future challenges. Under the healthcare, we laid our main focus on the development of AI enabled computer-aided diagnosis framework, which acquires the scanning information from a wireless ultrasound transducer and automatically identifies the abnormalities present. Also, we developed a low-complex brain-controlled IoT environments framework which automatically classifies the motor imagery task performed by the user using 22 channel electroencephalography. Using IoIT, we developed a novel non-invasive technology capable of monitoring various electrical parameters without any need for cutting the wires. This developed non-invasive power monitor is capable of generating real-time alerts in the case of system malfunctions and will be a key enabler for smart buildings. Also, we developed mathematical, simulation, and experimental models for analyzing the performance of channel access mechanisms of dense traffic IoT networks.