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Showing papers in "Current Biology in 2016"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work attempts to provide a systematic approach to understanding the connection between the circadian clock and health and introduces a taxonomy of (mis)alignments to expose how little the authors know about entrainment within any organism and which 'eigen-zeitgeber' signals are used for entrainments by the different cells and tissues.

623 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work provides for the first time the phylogenetic microbiota analysis of semi-supercentenarians, i.e., 105-109 years old, in comparison to adults, elderly, and centenarian, thus reconstructing the longest available human microbiota trajectory along aging.

579 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although the Haber-Bosch process more than quadrupled the productivity of agricultural crops, chemical fertilizers and other anthropogenic sources of fixed nitrogen now far exceed natural contributions, leading to unprecedented environmental degradation.

453 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: By shaping recycling endosomal tubules, the data reveal that dysfunction of the BLOC-1-KIF13A-Annexin A2 molecular network underlies the pathophysiology of neurological and pigmentary disorders.

427 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A mammalian transcription factor, ATF5, is described, which is regulated similarly to ATFS-1 and induces a similar transcriptional response to the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, suggesting that regulation of the UPR(mt) is conserved from worms to mammals.

392 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Methods that can disambiguate the locations of segments of Denisovan and Neanderthal ancestry in present-day humans are developed and applied to 257 high-coverage genomes from 120 diverse populations, among which were 20 individual Oceanians with high Denisovan ancestry.

363 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Alarming losses comprising one-tenth (3.3 million km2) of global wilderness areas over the last two decades are demonstrated, particularly in the Amazon and central Africa, and an immediate need for international policies to recognize the vital values of wilderness and the unprecedented threats they face is underscore.

342 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that Arabidopsis ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a bZIP transcription factor that regulates growth in response to light, is a shoot-to-root mobile signal that mediates light promotion of root growth and nitrate uptake and enables homeostatic maintenance of carbon-nitrogen balance in different light environments.

333 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present results provide the first evidence that LSD selectively expands global connectivity in the brain, compromising the brain's modular and "rich-club" organization and, simultaneously, the perceptual boundaries between the self and the environment.

311 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: FMRI at high field found that, whereas bottom-up stimulation activated all cortical layers, feedback activity induced by illusory figures led to a selective activation of the deep layers of V1, which helps elucidate the role of top-down signals during perceptual processing.

310 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The more general pattern of genomic similarity between these warblers likely results from a protracted period of hybridization, contradicting the broadly accepted hypothesis that admixture results from solely anthropogenic habitat change in the past two centuries.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A direct link between GABA signaling and autistic perceptual symptomatology is presented and a disruption in inhibitory signaling in the autistic brain is suggested, suggesting a translational path between animal and human models of the condition.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work uses de novo whole-genome sequencing coupled with population- and phylogenomic data to show that alternate supergene alleles are highly divergent at over 1,000 genes and that these alleles originated prior to the split of Z. albicollis, and provides evidence that the "white" allele may be degrading, similar to neo-Y/W sex chromosomes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Demographic modeling not only indicates an LGM genetic bottleneck, but also provides surprising evidence of a major population turnover in Europe around 14,500 years ago during the Late Glacial, a period of climatic instability at the end of the Pleistocene.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is predicted that the basal ganglia contains a series of modules each controlling a given pattern of behaviour including locomotion, eye-movements, posture, and chewing that contain both the direct pathway to release a motor program and the indirect pathway to inhibit competing behaviours.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found that hippocampal theta power during encoding predicts subsequent memory integration and increased theta coherence between hippocampus and mPFC, and these findings have important implications for the understanding of memory-based decision making and knowledge acquisition.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study reports convergent evolution of rumen microbiomes for energy harvesting persistence in two typical high-altitude ruminants and sheds light on the biological control of greenhouse gas emissions from livestock enteric fermentation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The gut microbiota of Chinese long-living people with younger age groups, and with the results from the Italian population, are compared to identify gut-microbial signatures of healthy aging.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The concept of "network connectivity" is introduced and it is shown that the contractions of distinct actin architectures are described by the same master curve when considering their degree of connectivity, making it possible to predict the dynamic response of defined actin structures to transient changes in connectivity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is discovered that a small moving disk, simulating the sweep of a predator cruising overhead, is sufficient to induce freezing response in mice and provides evidence that mice innately make behavioral choices based on vision alone.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results demonstrate the sensitivity of working memory performance and global neocortical connectivity to the phase and rhythm of the externally driven theta-gamma cross-frequency synchronization.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A Constrained total energy expenditure model is tested, in which total energy Expenditure increases with physical activity at low activity levels but plateaus at higher activity levels as the body adapts to maintain totalEnergy expenditure within a narrow range.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the preference for a specific humidity range depends on specialized sacculus neurons, and that the processing of environmental humidity can happen largely in parallel to that of temperature.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Embryogenesis is remarkably robust to segregating mutations and environmental variation; under a range of conditions, embryos of a given species develop into stereotypically patterned organisms and patterns of segregating variation suggest that they play a more complex role in development than generally considered.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work shows, for the first time, selective enhancement of sleep spindles with non-invasive brain stimulation in humans and directly demonstrates a functional relationship between oscillatory spindle activity and cognition.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current understanding of the processes of sperm cell reception, gamete interaction, their pre-fertilization activation and fusion, as well as the mechanisms plants use to prevent the fusion of egg cells with multiple sperm cells are reviewed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that for S. cerevisiae the "volume increment" is not added from birth to division, but rather between two budding events, suggesting a common strategy for cell size control with bacteria.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study presents the first evidence that cephalopod populations have increased globally, indicating that these ecologically and commercially important invertebrates may have benefited from a changing ocean environment.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the genetic basis for red coloration in birds using whole-genome sequencing of red siskins ( Spinus cucullata), common canaries ( Serinus canaria), and red factor canaries, which are the hybrid product of crossing red sisksins with common canary.