Showing papers in "Current Biology in 2019"

TL;DR: It is argued that the way that bacteria live - often in dense and genetically diverse communities - is likely to be key to their aggression as it encourages them to dig in and fight alongside their clonemates.

TL;DR: This essay explains why freshwater ecosystems are global hotspots of biological richness, despite a panoply of interacting threats that jeopardize biodiversity.

TL;DR: It is underscores that an enhanced understanding of interactions between climate change and local human impacts is of profound importance to improving predictions of climate change impacts, devising climate-smart conservation actions, and helping enhance adaption of coastal societies to climate change in the Anthropocene.

TL;DR: This work provides a comprehensive overview of the topic and proposes a theoretical framework of how neuronal entrainment dynamically structures information from incoming neuronal, bodily and environmental sources.

TL;DR: The wAlbB strain of Wolbachia provides a promising option as a tool for dengue control, particularly in very hot climates.

TL;DR: A brief introduction to neural network models and deep learning for biologists is given and the expressive power of this modeling framework and the backpropagation algorithm for setting the parameters are explained.

TL;DR: The mechanistic, ecological and evolutionary drivers of and barriers to horizontal gene transfer that are likely to structure pangenomes are outlined and the key role of conflict between the host chromosome(s) and the mobile genetic elements that mediate gene exchange is highlighted.

TL;DR: It is shown that ATL3 functions as a receptor for ER-phagy, promoting tubular ER degradation upon starvation, and a new ATL3 function for GABARAP-mediated ER- phagy in the degradation of tubularER is revealed.

TL;DR: Four new insights into plant domestication are discussed - that in general domestication is a protracted process, that unconscious (natural) selection plays a prominent role, that interspecific hybridization may be an important mechanism for crop species diversification and range expansion, and that similar genes across multiple species underlies parallel/convergent phenotypic evolution between domesticated taxa.

TL;DR: The results show that cell division and replication initiation are independently controlled at the gene-expression level and that division processes exclusively drive cell-size homeostasis in bacteria.

TL;DR: It is found that chaetognaths cluster together with rotifers, gnathostomulids, and micrognathozoans within an expanded Gnathifera clade and that this clade is the sister group to other spiralians, indicating secondary loss as a fundamental trend in spiralian evolution.

TL;DR: Terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems will collapse without insects, and studies from Germany and Puerto Rico are a warning that the authors may have failed to appreciate the full scale and pace of environmental degradation caused by human activities in the Anthropocene.

TL;DR: With the evolution of metamorphosis, ecdysteroids acquired a metamorphic function that exploited the repressor capacity of the unliganded EcR, making it a hormone-controlled gateway for the tissue development preceding meetamorphosis.

TL;DR: The extent and cost of scaling seaweed aquaculture to provide sufficient CO2eq sequestration for several climate change mitigation scenarios are assessed, with a focus on the food sector-a major source of greenhouse gases.

TL;DR: Findings show that suppression of immune responses is an important function of the root microbiome, as it facilitates colonization by beneficial root microbiota.

TL;DR: It is argued that interactions between members of the microbiota can vary across condition, space, and time - and that only through embracing this dynamism will the authors be able to comprehensively understand the ecology of their gut communities.

TL;DR: It is shown that hippocampal autophagy activity is reduced during aging and that restoring its levels is sufficient to reverse age-related memory deficits, and that systemic administration of young plasma into aged mice rejuvenates memory in an Autophagy-dependent manner.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the assembly of heterotrophic communities that degrade complex organic materials follows simple design principles that could be exploited to engineerheterotrophic microbiomes.

TL;DR: It is now broadly recognized that extant arthropods are split into chelicerates and mandibulates, and relationships within the two mandibulate clades (myriapods and pancrustaceans) are stabilizing, and the phylogeny of insects is now understood with considerable confidence, whereas relationships among chelicerate orders remain poorly resolved.

TL;DR: The rat ACC (area 24) contains neurons responding when a rat experiences pain as triggered by a laser and while witnessing another rat receive footshocks, suggesting that the ACC may contain channels that map the distress of another animal onto a mosaic of pain- and fear-sensitive channels in the observer.

TL;DR: How stable endosymbioses form, how they are maintained, and how they sometimes break down and are reborn are reviewed, focusing on relationships formed by insects and their resident microorganisms.

TL;DR: In this article, motile cilia and CSF flow in the brain ventricles of larval zebrafish were investigated and it was shown that motile-cilia-generated flow is crucial in regulating the distribution of CSF within and across brain VMs.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that despite differential induction, lateral roots and nodules share overlapping developmental programs, with mutants in LOB-DOMAIN PROTEIN 16 (LBD16) showing equivalent defects in nodule and lateral root initiation.

TL;DR: It is shown that the CO2-detection pathway is necessary but not sufficient for IR8a to detect human odor, and reveals that theIR8a pathway is crucial for an anthropophilic vector mosquito to effectively seek hosts.

TL;DR: The results point toward an essential role of cytosine methylation in systemic mRNA mobility in plants and that TCTP1 mRNA mobility is required for its signaling function.

TL;DR: It is suggested that weekend recovery sleep is not an effective strategy to prevent metabolic dysregulation associated with recurrent insufficient sleep.

TL;DR: It is concluded that models of brain responses based on linguistic features can serve as excellent benchmarks and that in order to further the understanding of human cortical responses to speech, low-level and parsimonious explanations for apparent high-level phenomena should be explored.

TL;DR: The results reveal an unprecedented mechanism of LILFU-induced neuromodulation, involving TRPA1 as a unique sensor for LilFU and glutamate-releasing Best 1 as a mediator of glia-neuron interaction, which should prove to be useful for optimization of human brain stimulation and ultrasonogenetic manipulations of TR PA1.

TL;DR: It is estimated that half of the ∼2,200 data-deficient species are threatened with extinction (vulnerable, endangered, or critically endangered), primarily in the Neotropics and Southeast Asia.

TL;DR: The localized enrichment of dynamic microtubules along the axon specifies a localized unloading zone that ensures the accurate delivery of SVPs, controlling presynaptic strength in hippocampal neurons.