Showing papers in "Current Opinion in Cell Biology in 2008"

TL;DR: A working hypothesis is put forward for how fibronectin and integrins determine the site of fibril assembly, and collagens V and XI (the nucleators) initiate collagen fibrillogenesis.

TL;DR: The roles of the mammalian FoxO family in a variety of cell types, from stem cells to mature cells, in the context of the whole organism are discussed, and the potential role of the FoxO factors in the aging of mammalian organisms is discussed.

TL;DR: Recent studies demonstrating that tubulin modifications influence microtubule-associated proteins such as severing proteins, plus-end tracking proteins, and molecular motors play an important role in regulatingmicrotubule properties, such as stability and structure, as well as microtubules-based functions, suchAs ciliary beating, cell division, and intracellular trafficking.

TL;DR: Recent findings will be discussed regarding the regulation of the implementation and physiological significance for one such histone modification, histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation by the yeast COMPASS and mammalian COMPASS-like complexes.

TL;DR: This work will review studies with emphasis on novel direct roles of V-ATPase in the regulation of vesicular trafficking events and identify potential therapeutic targets for these roles.

TL;DR: Rapid progress has been made in understanding the assembly and disassembly of the ESCRT-III complex and the interactions of its subunits with MIT domain and other proteins, and a key role for deubiquitination in the regulation of the system has been demonstrated.

TL;DR: Some recent discoveries in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and the mechanism by which the extracellular Wnt ligand engages cell surface receptors to inhibit beta- catenin phosphorylation-degradation are reviewed.

TL;DR: The Hippo-YAP pathway connects the regulation of organ size and tumorigenesis and is identified as evolutionarily conserved key mediators of YAP biological functions.

TL;DR: Studies of developing organisms suggest that these mechanisms contribute to tissue level responses to tension and compression, thereby linking morphogenetic movements to cell fate decisions.

TL;DR: Recent work has re-discovered prominent actin-based cellular structures, termed invadopodia and podosomes, as unique structural and functional modules through which major invasive mechanisms are regulated.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated how PARP-1 functions as an integral part of cellular signaling pathways that culminate in gene-regulatory outcomes.

TL;DR: The core promoter is a sophisticated gateway to transcription that determines which signals will lead to transcription initiation and may contain many different sequence motifs that specify different mechanisms of transcription and responses to enhancers.

TL;DR: Clinical trials, mostly focusing on the cardiovascular system, have uncovered beneficial effects of fasudil and suggest significant potential for ROCK inhibitors in the production and implantation of stem cells for disease therapies.

TL;DR: In vitro single molecule biophysical studies define the mechanism by which molecular motors exchange cargo while traveling between filamentous tracks and deliver it to its destination when going from the cell center to the periphery and back again.

TL;DR: Current evidence shows that, contrary to the classical picture of their role, PcG complexes do not set a repressed chromatin state that is maintained throughout development but have a much more dynamic role.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the actual organelle of fat deposition, the lipid droplet (LD), and on the recent progress in mechanistic understanding of processes like LD biogenesis, LD growth and degradation, protein targeting to LDs and LD fusion.

TL;DR: The characterization of TNT-like bridges from several cell types revealed variations in the cytoskeletal composition as well as in the modality by which they interconnect cells, suggesting that different subclasses may exist.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the resolution of a bivalent domain into either an active or repressed state constitutes a cell fate decision, and that by postponing these decisions PcG contributes to pluripotency.

TL;DR: The extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein fibronectin (FN) requires the help of cells to assemble into a functional fibrillar matrix, which then orchestrates the assembly of other ECM proteins and promotes cell adhesion, migration and signalling

TL;DR: The strengths and weaknesses of the proposed chemotaxis models are summarized and the need for an integrated model is pointed out.

TL;DR: The Par3/Par6/atypical protein kinase C complex, as well as the Crumbs and Scribble complexes, controls epithelial polarity and Par4 and AMP kinase regulate polarity during conditions of energy depletion.

TL;DR: Genetic ablation or activation of the Notch pathway reveals that notch signalling promotes differentiation of the hair follicle, sebaceous gland and interfollicular epidermal lineages and that Notch acts as an epider mal tumour suppressor.

TL;DR: Evidence has been accumulating indicating that OIS in vivo does correspond to a major protective mechanism against cancer, and some of the recent developments are highlighted.

TL;DR: The function of microRNAs and the precise mechanism by which they suppress gene expression remain elusive and a better understanding of the mechanism should facilitate studies of their function.

TL;DR: This review focuses primarily on regulatory mechanisms that modulate demethylase recruitment and activity.

TL;DR: A model is presented that suggests two stages of microtubule-driven adhesion disassembly: destabilization and detachment of the adhesion turnover and disassembly in various regions of the cell.

TL;DR: P-TEFb regulates transcription elongation at many genes and integrates mRNA synthesis with histone modification, pre-mRNA processing, and mRNA export, and accompanies the mature mRNA to the cytoplasm to promote translation elongation.

TL;DR: Recent advances in understanding the cell biology of apical and basal progenitors are discussed, which place key regulatory molecules into subcellular context, and highlight their roles in the control of proliferation versus differentiation.

TL;DR: These stress-activated processes coordinately reprogram mRNA translation and decay in a way that conserves anabolic energy, preserves essential mRNAs, and promotes the repair of stress-induced molecular damage.

TL;DR: Recent progress in understanding the roles of these general and class I-specific ER proteins in facilitating the optimal assembly of MHC class I molecules with high affinity peptides for antigen presentation is summarized.