Showing papers in "Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research in 2020"

TL;DR: Findings of inherently exaggerated SC abdominal stem cell development to adipocytes in women with PCOS, and PCOS-like traits in adult female monkeys with natural hyperandrogenemia imply common ancestral origins of PCOS in both human and nonhuman primates.

TL;DR: Patients with PCOS presenting to the clinics are more obese and more hyperandrogenemic with more severe phenotype and higher metabolic risk compared with women with PCos in unselected or background populations.

TL;DR: Through the strategies they use, turtles and crucian carp are excellent model species to shed light on metabolic adaptations to anoxia and reveal novel drug targets for the treatment of oxygen-related diseases in humans.

TL;DR: The challenges inherent to studying rare genetic variants in complex disease are discussed and several recent studies that have used DNA sequencing techniques to investigate whether rare variants play a role in PCOS pathogenesis are reviewed.

TL;DR: Characterization of the role of human PPAT on PCa progression will undoubtedly provide, in the near future, new therapeutic strategies and new risk stratification factors in PCa.

TL;DR: An overview of evidence supporting a role for epigenetics in fetal programming is given, highlighting key human and animal studies and discusses challenges for research, along with recommendations for future work, and potential therapeutic applications.

TL;DR: The role of makorins in developmental physiology and organ differentiation and the role of maternal imprinting are discussed and the precise mechanism by which MKRN3 inhibits the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis remains elusive.

TL;DR: A number of recent preclinical and clinical studies pertinent to the neuroendocrine abnormalities of PCOS are highlighted, including those that have provided important insights into the relevance of animal models with PCOS-like features, the potential roles of kisspeptin and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurons, and the potential role of anti-Müllerian hormone.

TL;DR: This brief review summarizes the current understanding of the psychosexual effects of delayed puberty and congenital hypog onadotropic hypogonadism (Kallmann syndrome) and the importance of psychosocial support and transitional care is highlighted.

TL;DR: Anovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome is characterised by arrest of antral follicles, a phenotype that can be rescued by increasing circulating concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).

TL;DR: Analysis of blood and urine samples reveals other, but significant, metabolic differences between patients with PCa and controls, and large-cohort studies show promising results for assessing future PCa risk from blood samples.

TL;DR: This review compiles the current knowledge on the role of tachykinins in the control of puberty onset and suggests that neurokinin B (NKB) plays an essential role in sexual maturation and fertility by directly stimulating the release of kisspeptin.

TL;DR: Use of high-throughput technologies to comprehensively profile metabolic phenotype could advance understanding of the evolutionary processes conferring hypoxia tolerance at high altitude.

TL;DR: This review provides a detailed overview of the recent literature regarding secular trends in pubertal onset and tempo, and the connection with obesity and summarizes potential mediators that permit obesity to promote early puberty.

TL;DR: It is highlighted that mass spectrometry continues to open new windows of biochemical understanding in endocrinology, in smaller and more varied sample types, including molecular mapping of tissue sections.

TL;DR: Findings from clinical and basic research discoveries have revealed that both AR- and ER-mediated mechanisms similarly play a role in the generation of different PCOS traits, potentially indicating that the heterogeneity of PCOS phenotypes may arise via differing extents of activation of the underlying steroid AR and ER signaling pathways.

TL;DR: The similar consequences of climate change on the physiological function of terrestrial mammals are reviewed, including direct effects of increasing air temperatures and reduced water availability, as well as the indirect effect of reduced or unpredictable food supply.

TL;DR: Major opportunities exist for healthcare providers, professional societies and support groups to collaborate, improving the availability of evidence-based information through support groups.

TL;DR: The most recent literature on this topic is reviewed, and the latest advances and future challenges in therapeutically targeting the JAK/STAT pathway in prostate cancer are summarized.

TL;DR: Adaptations of systemic calcium homeostasis during lactation, as well as the mechanisms of milk calcium transport, are reviewed and how reactivation of these pathways contributes to the pathophysiology of breast cancer is discussed.

TL;DR: How kisspeptin and NKB signaling contributes to the pubertal increase in GnRH release in non-human primates and how remodeling of the NKB and kisspe leptin signaling circuitry controlling GnRH neurons takes place during the progress of puberty are discussed.

TL;DR: The present article gives an update regarding established and upcoming medical treatment for PCOS and for comorbidities of PCOS.

TL;DR: Although the attention of testis function in puberty and adulthood has been focalized in the luteinizing hormone–testosterone axis, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) also exerts a fundamental role in the physiology of the prepubertal and pubertal testes.

TL;DR: This review will highlight recent advances in research regarding mechanisms of resistance to both taxanes and PARP inhibitors (such as reversion mutations which restore DNA-repair proficiency).

TL;DR: The published data on the impact of potent 3rd generation AIs on gonadal function and growth in pubertal boys are reviewed.

TL;DR: Recent efforts to understand the interactions of BRG1 and GR, including genomic and single cell analyses, within breast cancers may give insight into personalized medicine and other potential treatments.

TL;DR: A review summarizes the recent findings concerning AMH and its role in the etiology of PCOS and suggests that there might be a crosstalk between the ovary–placenta–brain.

TL;DR: Recruitment with antioxidant agents may constitute a useful strategy for improving fertility in women and animals living at high altitudes.

TL;DR: Themes common to puberty and PCOS, neuroendocrine features, androgen exposure, and insulin sensitivity, will be considered to address the possibility that PCOS interferes with the normal pubertal transition.

TL;DR: Screening for both depressive and anxiety symptoms is recommended to provide timely treatment to this high-risk population of patients with PCOS.