Showing papers in "Current Opinion in Genetics & Development in 2019"

TL;DR: The role of H3K9me3 marked heterochromatin and its dynamics in establishing and maintaining cellular identity is summarized and provides a further level of understanding of how to modulate cell fate control.

TL;DR: Older microscopy-based studies on a small number of genes with the new genomic mapping data suggest a significant fraction of the genome is almost deterministically positioned near nuclear speckles, supporting the concept of thenuclear speckle periphery as a major active chromosomal compartment which may play an important role in fine-tuning gene regulation.

TL;DR: Pancreatic ductal organoids are ex-vivo models of PDAC that can be established from very small biopsies, enabling the study of localized, advanced, and metastatic patients.

TL;DR: Here, a variety of mechanisms for the guidance of collective cranial neural crest cell migration have been described: mostly chemical, but more recently mechanical.

TL;DR: The cellular basis of coloration and the identification of loci involved in color pattern differences between sister species in cichlids and Danio species are discussed, in which cis-regulatory changes seem to prevail.

TL;DR: Principles of ciliary beating coordination within and between MCCs have been identified and the enigmatic deuterosomes, which serve as centriole amplification platforms in vertebrate Mccs, have started to be studied at the molecular level.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the key findings on the formation and function of cytonemes in tissue development.

TL;DR: Self-organization of moving groups emerges as an important common feature, which includes self-generating gradients, internal chemotaxis or mechanotaxis and contact-dependent polarization within migrating cell groups and their applications to classical models of collective cell migration.

TL;DR: The role of interchromosomal interactions in OR gene choice is described, and other biological systems where such genomic interactions may contribute to regulatory robustness and transcriptional diversification are described.

TL;DR: Whether mitochondria and plastids originated by endosymbiosis is no longer questioned, but the authors still do not understand the actual process of integration, and as more commonalities are described, the processes underlaying these associations appear to be not so different after all.

TL;DR: Recent findings relating to how PRC1 alters chromatin accessibility, folding and global 3D nuclear organisation to control gene transcription are discussed.

TL;DR: The current knowledge on enhancer-promoter communication in relation to TAD structure is reviewed and an overview of how mutations affect the normal organization of the genome and how it impacts the normal ability of enhancers to induce transcription at their cognate promoters in disease is provided.

TL;DR: A review of experiments and analyses that have led to new insights in bioelectrical controls, specifically as key modulators of complex pattern formation and tissue regeneration, and opportunities for the development of new therapeutic approaches in regenerative medicine applications.

TL;DR: The emerging view from a comparative genomics perspective is that the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor (LECA) had an extensive repertoire of TFs, most of which represent eukaryosis evolutionary novelties, which coincides with the emergence of genomic nuclear segregation and complex chromatin organization.

TL;DR: The principles of endothelial mechanosensitity and their interplay with cellular processes during cardiovascular morphogenesis are discussed and their implications in the field of cardiovascular tissue engineering are discussed.

TL;DR: Recent insights in the structural organization of the genome at the NL are focused on and the role of this organization in the regulation of gene expression is focused on.

TL;DR: Recent advances in understanding of how chromatin modifiers, tissue-specific transcription factors, and force-induced nuclear remodeling processes function to shape chromatin and to control epidermal tissue development and homeostasis are reviewed.

TL;DR: Other recent advances in the field are discussed, such as a role for the CC in docking and fusion of incoming transport vesicles, a newly proposed subcompartmentalization into proximal and distal CC, and mechanisms of OS membrane dynamics paralleling ectosome formation in other cilia.

TL;DR: The role of mammalian cilia in cell signalling was first identified in embryonic development and subsequent analysis has revealed roles in multiple signalling pathways as mentioned in this paper, which is evident in the class of ciliary diseases which we call the ciliopathies.

TL;DR: This review will focus on the role of MGCs as both agents and consequences of the accessory function evolution that underpins fungal diversification.

TL;DR: Recent developments in genetic interaction mapping are reviewed, with a focus on CRISPR-based genome editing technologies and cancer.

TL;DR: Recent developments in engineering CRISPR mouse models of cancer are reviewed, including germline manipulation of zygotes or embryonic stem cells, direct in vivo somatic gene editing, and ex vivo targeting of cellular transplant models.

TL;DR: The latest insights into how ATPase-driven conformational changes within these complexes may enlarge loops are discussed, and how asymmetric DNA reeling can bring together genomic elements in a symmetric manner are considered.

TL;DR: The regulation and diversity of actin networks are reviewed to provide a conceptual framework for cell biologist interested in evolution and for evolutionary biologists interested in actin-dependent phenotypes.

TL;DR: This work describes how living tumor material is increasingly being used in the generation of a systematic laboratory-based functional map of cancer dependencies (a 'Cancer Dependency Map'), and emphasizes the important contributions of long-term cell models, emerging uses for short-termcell models and future potential for 'alpha cultures' that are mere hours or days from the cancer patient.

TL;DR: Recent findings showing how mitochondria, ROS and hypoxia signaling contribute to the regulation of early axial patterning in embryos, to nervous system development, and to theregulation of cell proliferation and differentiation during development and regeneration are reviewed.

TL;DR: Recent findings on the functions of heterotaxy genes with identified patient alleles are discussed, including fascinating mechanisms of left-right axis development.

TL;DR: This work reviews several approaches to study context dependence and their findings and encourages more studies that examine the spectrum of effects a genetic change may have, as opposed to studies that exclusively measure the impact of a geneticchange in a particular context.

TL;DR: How these approaches have been used either in low-throughput, hypothesis-testing experiments or in the setting of large, hypotheses-generating, genetic screens aimed at understanding the molecular basis of PARPi sensitivity and resistance is reviewed.

TL;DR: This review highlights gene conversion as a major force in generating the novel alleles on which selection can act and features the mechanisms by which gene conversion facilitates the rapid evolution of genes in conflict.