Showing papers in "Current Opinion in Neurobiology in 2003"

TL;DR: Converging evidence indicates that primates have a distinct cortical image of homeostatic afferent activity that reflects all aspects of the physiological condition of all tissues of the body.

TL;DR: Deep brain stimulation at high frequency was first used in 1997 to replace thalamotomy in treating the characteristic tremor of Parkinson’s disease, and has subsequently been applied to the pallidum and the subthalamic nucleus.

TL;DR: It is argued that careful analysis of this literature provides evidence for separate neural timing systems associated with opposing task characteristics, the 'automatic' system draws mainly upon motor circuits and the 'cognitively controlled' system depends upon prefrontal and parietal regions.

TL;DR: The authors found that sensory and motor impairments play only a limited role in a causal explanation of specific reading disability, and that dyslexia can be explained by either sensory and/or motor deficits.

TL;DR: These studies have revealed the crucial role of the subunits in the functional effects that are mediated by voltage-gated calcium channels and revealed the importance of spontaneous and targeted mouse mutants.

TL;DR: The functional properties of the lateral and ventral occipito-temporal areas are found to be important in visual recognition of objects and faces as mentioned in this paper, and the correlation between activation of these regions and visual recognition has been found.

TL;DR: Data-driven methods, such as independent component analysis and clustering, attempt to find common features within the data that are related to brain activation and can be revealing when the brain activation is difficult to predict beforehand.

TL;DR: How dendritic compartments and the interactions between them help to enhance the computational power of the neuron and define the rules for the induction of synaptic plasticity are discussed.

TL;DR: There is converging evidence that the interaction of bottom-up sensory information and top-down attentional influences creates an integrated saliency map, that is, a topographic representation of relative stimulus strength and behavioral relevance across visual space.

TL;DR: The key role of synapse-to-nucleus signaling in circadian rhythms, long-term memory, and neuronal survival sheds light on the logical underpinning of these signaling mechanisms.

TL;DR: Ischaemic insults have now been shown to trigger neurogenesis from neural stem cells or progenitor cells located in the dentate subgranular zone, the subventricular zone lining the lateral ventricle, and the posterior periventricle adjacent to the hippocampus.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss how we are aware that actions are self-generated and suggest that a prediction of the sensory consequences of movement might be used to label actions and their consequences as selfgenerated.

TL;DR: The ability to identify progenitor cells and neurons in the dorsal spinal cord on the basis of the genes they express has provided a framework for identifying extrinsic factors that establish proliferation rate and dorsal-ventral polarity in the developing neural tube.

TL;DR: Analysis of TRP channel expression among sensory neurons is providing insight into how thermal stimuli are encoded by the peripheral nervous system, and how chemical signaling pathways, such as those activated by tissue injury, alter thermal sensitivity throughTRP channel modulation.

TL;DR: Visual attention, the mechanism by which observers select relevant or important information from scenes, can be deployed to locations in space or to spatially invariant object representations.

TL;DR: This work presents a more comprehensive view of the molecular basis of neuronal semaphorin signaling through interactions with receptor complexes composed of ligand-binding, signal-transducing, and modulatory subunits.

TL;DR: These regulatory mechanisms, which can be dynamically modulated by receptor trafficking and phosphorylation, are discussed and their consequences for the efficacy of GABA(A) receptor mediated synaptic inhibition are discussed.

TL;DR: The Efficient Coding Hypothesis, which holds that the purpose of early visual processing is to produce an efficient representation of the incoming visual signal, provides a quantitative link between the statistical properties of the world and the structure of the visual system.

TL;DR: Why is it commonly observed that persistent activity in the cortex can be strongly time-varying?

TL;DR: The Drosophila ventral nerve cord has been a central model system for studying the molecular genetic mechanisms that control CNS development, and studies show that the generation of neural diversity is a multistep process initiated by the patterning and segmentation of the neuroectoderm.

TL;DR: Dopamine-dependent synaptic plasticity may provide a link between the reward-related firing of dopamine cells and the acquisition of changes in striatal cell activity during learning, and play a special role in the translation of reward signals into context-dependent response probability or directional bias in movement responses.

TL;DR: Fast inactivation occurs by a 'hinged lid' mechanism in which an inactivating particle occludes the pore, whereas slow inactivation is most likely to involve a rearrangement of the channel pore.

TL;DR: Advances in Bayesian models of computer vision and in the measurement and modeling of natural image statistics are providing the tools to test and constrain theories of human object perception, which are having an impact on the interpretation of cortical function.

TL;DR: Recent studies indicate that ephrin-As control the temporal-nasal mapping of the retina in the optic tectum/superior colliculus by regulating the topographically-specific interstitial branching of retinal axons along the anterior-posterior tectal axis.

TL;DR: It is concluded that there is a fair chance to understand complex behavior in bees, and to identify the potential neural substrates underlying such behavior by adopting a cognitive neuroethological approach.

TL;DR: Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is an adaptive, cell-wide changes in synaptic strength that serves to stabilize neuronal activity and is distinct from other forms of synaptic Plasticity and whether or not it occurs in the intact brain.

TL;DR: Invertebrates are outstanding model systems for the study of aggression and offer unique opportunities to quantify the aggressive state of individuals, to explore the mechanisms underlying the formation and maintenance of dominance relationships, and to investigate the dynamic properties of hierarchy formation.

TL;DR: The retinal circuits that underlie colour signalling in primates may be both more complex and more diverse then previously appreciated.

TL;DR: Two models that make opposite predictions as to whether the radial glia or nascent neuron inherit the radialglial fiber or the majority of the Numb protein are suggested.

TL;DR: The specification of the biological response by the localization of the receptor activated is a new concept in neuronal calcium signalling that can explain many of the opposing roles of NMDA receptors.