Showing papers in "Current Opinion in Toxicology in 2021"

TL;DR: This review provides an update on the effects of Cd exposure on the soil-plant system, food safety, and human health, focusing on the various mechanisms involved in cellular or molecular alterations.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review explores the potential health impacts related to plastic-based personal protection equipment (PPE) through indirect and direct pathways, and the authors suggest that more research is required to have a comprehensive overview of the human health effects.

TL;DR: In this article, a limit of tolerance for plastic pollution in drinking water, comparable data resulting from quality assured and controlled methods and more information on the potential uptake and fate of MPs in the human body are still needed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify the likely routes of human exposure, the toxicological outcomes and concerns currently reported, and provide some considerations for future assessments, and present a review of the current state of the art.

TL;DR: Recently published studies are reviewed that provide mechanistic insights regarding OP-induced status epilepticus, long-term neurologic consequences of acute OP exposures, and neurotoxic effects associated with repeated low-level OP exposures.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the current intestine-on-a-chip models with a distinction between cell- or organoid-based models and models that apply ex vivo tissue biopsies, as well as describing the progress and hurdles to overcome when applying intestine- on- a- chip models to study host-microbe interactions and intestinal diseases.

TL;DR: An overview of available systems for multi-organ-on-chip drug disposition investigations is presented and the difficult route towards a fully validated system is discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review analyzes the subject focus of 45 articles (published 2019-2021) dealing with government action to regulate plastic pollution and finds that most published articles deal with bans on single-use plastic (SUP) items in one or more countries.

TL;DR: The studies of adult neurogenesis provide new insights into mechanisms of heavy metal neurotoxicity and their importance in understanding the mechanisms ofheavy metals neurotoxicity, as well as challenges and future directions are discussed.

TL;DR: Appropriate adverse outcome pathways can be used in the future to develop mechanistic assays to predict adverse effects upon human’s exposure to PFAS and bring new information on interspecies circulation of these ubiquitous compounds.

TL;DR: An overview of recent advances in in vitro modelling for personalized drug testing based on stem cell and organ-on-a-chip technologies is provided, and how these developments will eventually lead to the replacement of animal testing is illustrated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of MeHg and Mn on cell signaling pathways were investigated, which may contribute to molecular mechanisms involved in MEHg- and Mn-induced neurotoxicity.

TL;DR: The role of metal toxicity in the development of ASD and how perturbed MAPK signaling may result in ASD is highlighted.

TL;DR: The most recent studies on the differential impact of heavy metals on the pathogenesis of various neurodevelopmental disorders in children and neurodegenerative diseases in adults are reviewed, highlighting the need for urgent intervention to this global health crisis.

TL;DR: A review of the current methods in marine plastic assessment and the main challenges in monitoring plastic pollution in marine environments can be found in this paper, where the authors focus on plastic and its additives' interactions with biological systems.

TL;DR: This review summarized recent literature studying the relationship between prenatal and childhood metal mixtures with neurodevelopmental outcomes and highlighted two basic principles to emerge from this approach.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported that neurological symptoms occur in approximately one-third of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Among these symptoms, hypoxic encephalopathy develops in one-fifth of severe cases, while ischemic strokes due to thrombotic complications are common in one third of intensive care patients.

TL;DR: This short review classifies the likely mechanisms underlying their toxicity by taking into account their known chemical properties and also by reflecting on other injurious events that commonly occur together with inflammation.

TL;DR: In this paper, a mini-review highlights human exposure to micro(nano)plastics in the environment and evaluates bioplastics as a health/environment safer option.

TL;DR: Improvement in this area in view of enhancing overall translational value of primary human hepatocytes and their cultures warrants interdisciplinary collaboration.

TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic review of the available approaches to study drug-induced kidney injury, as one of the most common reasons for drug withdrawal, in vitro was presented, where the proximal tubule dominated the field, followed by the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.

TL;DR: In this paper, the extent of Pb and Hg human exposure in Latin America and associated health effects on different population groups was presented. But the results showed that the highest Pb levels occurred in occupational battery recycling environments.

TL;DR: Human and experimental animal studies indicate that Pb2+-induced changes in neurotransmitter receptors that mediate the action of drugs of abuse are increased in brain regions associated with addiction circuits in adolescence, a period of increased susceptibility to drug use and abuse and expression of psychiatric disease in humans.

TL;DR: Nephroscreen as mentioned in this paper is a high-throughput, three-dimensional microfluidic platform to detect drug-induced nephrotoxicity, which is a meaningful alternative to animal testing and contribute to the 3Rs (refine, reduce, replace animal experimentation).

TL;DR: In this article, the uptake and effects of NPs in humans are not yet known, but recent laboratory studies have documented the uptake, adverse effects, and adverse effects of Nanoplastics from the cellular to the community level, showing that NPs are in the size range of particles that can be absorbed by cells, and research on these materials should be accelerated to properly assess their potential risks.

TL;DR: The current state of renal in-vitro models are reviewed, from animal cell models through to the complex primary human cultures and next-generation models, including micro-physiological models, highlighting the perceived benefits of developing complex models.

TL;DR: In this article, the adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) framework is used to identify key biological events within a causal framework linking microplastic exposures to adverse outcomes. But, the AOP framework does not consider the effects of microplastics exposure on other stressors.

TL;DR: The field of metals exposure and ASD research is emerging, and the current state of the literature is assessed, with emphasis on the previous two years.

TL;DR: The crucial roles of lipid signaling in CIPN pathology are summarized, including their roles in acting as activators of ion channels and endogenous ligands of G protein-coupled receptors, as well as how they affect membrane protein conformation.