Journal•ISSN: 2167-4825
Current Radiology Reports
Springer Science+Business Media
About: Current Radiology Reports is an academic journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Magnetic resonance imaging & Medicine. It has an ISSN identifier of 2167-4825. Over the lifetime, 397 publications have been published receiving 2575 citations. The journal is also known as: Curr Radiol Rep.
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TL;DR: This review focuses on the recent technical developments in endogenous in vivo CEST MRI from various metabolites as well as their potential clinical applications.
Abstract: Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement technique that enables indirect detection of metabolites with exchangeable protons. Endogenous metabolites with exchangeable protons including many endogenous proteins with amide protons, glycosaminoglycans (GAG), glycogen, myo-inositol (MI), glutamate (Glu), creatine (Cr) and several others have been identified as potential in vivo endogenous CEST agents. These endogenous CEST agents can be exploited as non-invasive and non-ionizing biomarkers of disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring. This review focuses on the recent technical developments in endogenous in vivo CEST MRI from various metabolites as well as their potential clinical applications. The basic underlying principles of CEST, its potential limitations and new techniques to mitigate them are discussed.
141 citations
TL;DR: For a selected few topics, the author has decided to provide sufficient high-level technical descriptions and to discuss their advantages and applications.
Abstract: Over the past two decades, rapid system and hardware development of x-ray computed tomography (CT) technologies has been accompanied by equally exciting advances in image reconstruction algorithms. The algorithmic development can generally be classified into three major areas: analytical reconstruction, model-based iterative reconstruction, and application-specific reconstruction. Given the limited scope of this chapter, it is nearly impossible to cover every important development in this field; it is equally difficult to provide sufficient breadth and depth on each selected topic. As a compromise, we have decided, for a selected few topics, to provide sufficient high-level technical descriptions and to discuss their advantages and applications.
125 citations
TL;DR: The three CT components with the greatest impact on image quality are the X-ray source, detection system and reconstruction algorithms, and this paper focuses on the first two.
Abstract: The three CT components with the greatest impact on image quality are the X-ray source, detection system and reconstruction algorithms. In this paper, we focus on the first two. We describe the state-of-the-art of CT detection systems, their calibrations, software corrections and common performance metrics. The components of CT detection systems, such as scintillator materials, photodiodes, data acquisition electronics and anti-scatter grids, are discussed. Their impact on CT image quality, their most important characteristics, as well as emerging future technology trends for each, are reviewed. The use of detection for multi-energy CT imaging is described. An overview of current CT X-ray sources, their evolution to support major trends in CT imaging and future trends is provided.
91 citations
TL;DR: This review discusses the challenges and obstacles in clinical adoption of 18F-FDG imaging and discusses a variety of additional molecular imaging approaches that can be used for cancer phenotyping with PET.
Abstract: The discovery of the Warburg effect in the early twentieth century followed by the development of the fluorinated glucose analogue 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) and the invention of positron emission tomographs laid the foundation of clinical PET/CT. This review discusses the challenges and obstacles in clinical adoption of this technique. We then discuss advances in instrumentation, including the critically important introduction of PET/CT and current PET/CT protocols. Moreover, we provide evidence for the clinical utility of PET/CT for patient management and its potential impact on patient outcome, and address its cost and cost-effectiveness. Although this review largely focuses on 18F-FDG imaging, we also discuss a variety of additional molecular imaging approaches that can be used for cancer phenotyping with PET. Throughout this review we emphasize the critical contributions of CT to the strength of PET/CT.
75 citations
TL;DR: Although not yet evidence-based, screening mammography is currently suggested for transgender women with risk factors, including those receiving hormone treatment over 5 years, including the risk for breast cancer in transgender individuals is still being defined.
Abstract: This review will inform radiologists about the evidence base regarding radiographic imaging for transgender individuals and considerations for providing culturally sensitive care for this population. Transgender individuals are increasingly referred for both screening and diagnostic breast imaging. It is important that the clinic environment is welcoming, the medical staff utilize accepted terminology and patients are able to designate their gender and personal history to ensure appropriate care. Hormone and surgical treatments used for transition by many transgender women and men may change the approach to imaging. Although not yet evidence-based, screening mammography is currently suggested for transgender women with risk factors, including those receiving hormone treatment over 5 years. The risk for breast cancer in transgender individuals is still being defined.
74 citations