Showing papers in "Desalination in 2002"

TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of recent process improvements in seawater desalination using reverse osmosis (RO), multi stage flash (MSF), multi effect distillation (MED), electrodialysis (ED), and hybrid processes.

TL;DR: Wastewater effluent organic matter (EfOM) was isolated into different fractions including colloids, and hydrophobic (HPO) and transphilic (TPI) fractions as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the geochemistry, natural distribution, regulation, anthropogenic sources and removal mechanisms of arsenic, pointing especially to the promise of reverse osmosis (RO) as a practical means of purification.

TL;DR: In this article, a procedure for determining filterability of activated sludge in a crossflow test cell is introduced, which is based on the ratio of permeate flux after 40 min of operation to clear water flux.

TL;DR: In this article, an experimental investigation was conducted to study the performance of an aromatic polyamide (ES 20) ultra-low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane (ULPROM) for separating divalent (Cu 2+, Ni 2+ ) and hexavalent (Cr 6+ ) heavy metals from bulk solution.

TL;DR: In this article, a large variety of supported and unsupported membranes were prepared by varying some of the preparative parameters such as: the PVDF solvent (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or triethylphosphate), the total concentration and the polyvinylidene/ZrO2 ratio in the ternary dispersion.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors determined the impact of various operating factors on membrane fouling in activated sludge membrane bioreactor (MBR) process, typically used for water reclamation.

TL;DR: In this article, the design and optimization of an electrodialysis plant to be used for brackish water desalination has been treated and the required equations were derived or, as in the case of the limiting current density, were experimentally determined.

TL;DR: A review of pilot plants and perspectives of development is presented in this article, where the use of renewable energies in seawater desalination is suitable, especially for remote areas where conventional energy supply and skilled workers are not usually available.

TL;DR: In this article, a cross-flow nanofiltration using thin film composite polysulfone membrane was used to recover the electrolyte solution and reject the colour of reactive dye and NaCl solution.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of the operating parameters, such as current density, electrode number, electrolyte concentration, electrode gap, dyestuff concentration, pH of solution and inlet flow rate, on decolorization by continuous electrocoagulation were investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, both the NaCl solution and real seawater are used as the feed of MD processes to investigate the differences in permeate flux, product water quality and membrane fouling.

TL;DR: In this article, the DS5 DK type nanofiltration membranes were tested to recycle the reactive dye bath effluents and the effects of feed concentration, pressure and cross flow velocity on the permeate flux and color removal were investigated.

TL;DR: Results obtained here show that flocculation prior to microfiltration leads to significant arsenic removal in the permeate, and the addition of small amounts of cationic polymeric flocculants lead to significantly improved permeate fluxes duringmicrofiltration.

TL;DR: In this article, a study of pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) to the osmotic pair, river water/sea water, was conducted and the results showed that a moderate flow rate with an optimistically low K term of 10 d/m (permeate flux 0.29 m3/m2d) would give unacceptably high energy and power costs as would a moderate plant with K = 0 (flux 0.725 m 3/m 2d).

TL;DR: In this article, an extensive review of the application of pressure-driven membrane separation processes in the treatment of seafood processing effluents and recovery of proteins therein is presented, and the results show that UF reduces the organic load from the fish meal wastewaters and allows the recovery of valuable raw materials comprising proteins.

TL;DR: In this article, an in-line coagulation (without settling)/UF process has been studied to improve membrane performance and water quality for surface water treatment, where the extent of dissolved organic matter removal is controlled by the coagulations step.

TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of the support properties on the characteristics of Pd/PSS composite membranes has been evaluated for a large group of membrane samples prepared by electroless plating.

TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of ultra-filtration (UF) pre-treatment prior to reverse osmosis (RO) for desalting seawater with high-fouling tendency was assessed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an improvement of previous techniques to determine critical flux in ultrafiltration, which allows having accurate values of the critical flux and the rate of irreversibility of the created deposit on the membrane.

TL;DR: In this article, the influence of feed temperature, salinity and flow rate on permeate flow and salinity was evaluated and a combined Spiegler-Kedem/film theory model described the experimental results.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used an ATR Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer to study the chemical properties of polypropylene microfiltration membranes after filtration of two North American surface waters.

TL;DR: A landfill leachate treatment plant (LLTP) was retrofitted to improve treatment efficiency by using integrated membrane process that is composed of membrane bioreactor (MBR) and reverse osmosis (RO) process as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: Shirasu-porousglass (SPG) membranes with a mean pore size from 0.4-6.6 μm were used to produce O/W emulsions consisting of vegetable (rape seed) oil as the dispersed phase and Span 80 dissolved in demineralized water as the continuous phase as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the experimental results of the pilot scale application of different membrane technologies, supported by clariflocculation and ozonization, for textile wastewater reuse are described, and two different textile effluents: a secondary effluent coming from a biological activated plant and a wastewater coming directly from several textile departments.

TL;DR: In this article, the application of reverse osmosis (RO) to the global effluent from the electroplating industry has been studied and the results obtained show that there is 75-95% recovery of water and nearly total removal of metals in the permeate.

TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility in the use of a sodium dodecyl sulfate anionic surfactant and nonionic monoalkylphenol polyetoxilate to purify contaminated waters of Ni(II) ions has been studied.

TL;DR: The effect of temperature on the retention in nanofiltration of model substances (glucose) and substances in industrial streams has been studied in the temperature interval 25°C to 65°C as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, experimental and modelling analysis is presented for characterization of polymeric nanofiltration membranes; the application considered is the separation of aqueous mixtures containing strong electrolytes and/or uncharged solutes.

TL;DR: In this paper, an alternative acetylene-based polymer, poly(4-methyl-2-pentyne) [PMP], which exhibits much better chemical resistance than poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne), was studied.