Showing papers in "Desalination in 2007"

TL;DR: The most commonly used desalination technologies are reverse osmosis (RO) and thermal processes such as multi-stage flash (MSF) and multi-effect distillation (MED) as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Findings confirm that membrane and carbon processes are capable of greatly reducing the concentrations of emerging contaminants; however, several compounds are detectable in membrane permeate and carbon effluent.

TL;DR: A review of arsenic toxicity and hazards and current available technologies for arsenic removal is presented in this article, where residual generation and disposal after treatment is discussed as well as residual generation after treatment.

TL;DR: In this article, the energy requirements of ammonia-carbon dioxide forward osmosis (FO) desalination are predicted by the use of chemical process modeling software (HYSYS), where the FO process is modeled using single or multiple distillation columns to separate solution solutes from the product water for solute recycling within the FO system.

TL;DR: In this article, sites irrigated with wastewater for 10, 5, and 2 years and sites not irrigated were sampled for soil and plant chemical analysis to evaluate its long term effect.

TL;DR: A review of the highlights that have been achieved during the recent years and the state-of-the-art for most important efforts in the field of desalination by renewable energies, with emphasis on solar energy applications is presented in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the performance of asymmetric polyethersulfone ultrafiltration flat sheet membranes with polyethylene glycol (PEG) of different molecular weight as additives was reported.

TL;DR: In this paper, the removal of endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products (EDC/PPCPs) by nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes from various drinking water sources using a dead-end stirred-cell filtration system.

TL;DR: In this paper, a simple sol-gel route, employing self-assembled surfactant molecules as pore directing agents along with acetic acid-based sol−gel route was used to construct nanostructured crystalline TiO2 thin films and composite membranes with simultaneous photocatalytic, disinfection, separation, and anti-biofouling properties.

TL;DR: In this article, an updated review on EDCs and their removal by photocatalysis (PC) and ultrasound oxidation (US) from aqueous spiked solutions and wastewater is presented.

TL;DR: In this article, the most proper process(s) by means of economic, technical and design prospects for in-situ application regarding sustainable development strategy in the developing, in particular, Mediterranean countries.

TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of a thin film composite spiral wound type membrane in reverse osmosis process is studied for rejecting the Cu+2 and Ni+2 from single-salt and mixed salt systems.

TL;DR: In this paper, a study of the Axios/Vardar River, an interboundary river located in the Balkan Peninsula, was conducted based on long-term data (1979-2003) of nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, total phosphorous, BOD5, Cd, Cr, Zn, Pb and water discharge from 22 sampling stations along the river.

TL;DR: The use of reverse electrodialysis (RED) to derive energy from the difference between the chemical potentials of concentrated and diluted salt solutions was examined in this article, where an ED unit with low 0.19 mm membrane-to-membrane distance was applied to minimize the dilute compartment electric resistance and boundary layer thickness.

TL;DR: In this article, an attempt has been made to study the effect of water depth on the internal heat and mass transfer in a single basin single slope plastic solar still, which was fabricated from Plexiglas.

TL;DR: In this article, the performance of a single slope solar still using different operational parameters was studied experimentally, and the still productivity increased up to 51% when combined enhancers such as asphalt basin liner and sprinkler have been applied to the still.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of the trends in desalination costs for major Desalination technologies like Multi Stage Flash, Multi Effect Distillation and Reverse Osmosis and review of costing methodologies.

TL;DR: In this article, the possibility of complete fractionation of olive mill wastewater (OMW) using membrane technology was investigated using an extended parametric study for the optimum fractionation yield of OMW involved variation of the operational system parameters including temperature and the trans-membrane pressure.

TL;DR: In this article, the Ulu Pontian River water was fractionated into several components which were hydrophobic (HPO), transphilic (TPI) and hydrophilic (HPI) fractions using DAX-8 and XAD-4 ion exchange resins.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an assessment of present efforts in modeling MBR systems, specifically for municipal wastewater treatment, and present MBR models are classified into three categories: biomass kinetic models, membrane fouling models, and integrated models with light couplings to describe the complete MBR process.

TL;DR: In this article, seven flow sheets for seawater desalination have been proposed, analyzed and compared in each of them different membrane units have been integrated in pre-treatment and post-treatment stages for reaching the process intensification goals.

TL;DR: The PX pressure exchanger isobaric ERD provides the additional benefits of maintenance-free operation, fail-safe operation, corrosion avoidance, low vibration, ease of control and long life as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, a pair of carbon aerogel electrodes for the capacitive deionization (CDI) process with high specific surface area (∼610 m2/g), high specific capacitance ( ∼220 F/g) and high porosity ( ∼ 80%), low bulk density ( ∼ 0.2 S/cm) have been synthesized via pyrolyzing RF organic aerogels at 800°C in nitrogen atmosphere.

TL;DR: In this paper, a stand-alone solar-driven membrane desalination unit was designed and manufactured under project funding agreement number ICA3-CT-2002-10025 (SMADES).

TL;DR: In this paper, the potential and effectiveness of granular activated carbon (GAC) to remove heavy metals, particularly cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), through adsorption from the prepared solutions respectively were examined.

TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of using bittern as a byproduct of salt manufacture, as a low-cost source of magnesium ions, to recover the ammonia from industrial wastewater was evaluated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the ability of natural zeolite clinoptilolite and bentonite (clay) to remove Pb(II) from aqueous solutions has been investigated in batch reactors with a maximum contact time of 120 min.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe duplex stainless steels in technical terms and give reasons why they are such good alternatives to traditional austenitic grades of the 300-series for the construction of desalination plants.

TL;DR: Development of a biofilm-MBR has been investigated combining a moving-bed-biofilm reactor with a submerged membrane biomass separation reactor, and sustainable operation was found to correlate to the fate of the submicron particle size fraction throughout the treatment process.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the first few months of operation of a large seawater desalination system at the Marine Science Station (MSS) of Aqaba, Jordan.