Showing papers in "Desalination in 2017"

TL;DR: The most recent advances on EC reactor modeling are summarized with special emphasis on four major issues that still constitute the cornerstone of EC: the theoretical understanding of mechanisms governing pollution abatement, modeling approaches, CFD simulations, and techno-economic optimization as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, the state-of-the-art in present seawater desalination practice, emphasizing membrane-based technologies, was explored, while identifying future opportunities in step improvements to conventional technologies and development of emerging, potentially disruptive, technologies through advances in material science, process engineering, and system integration.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a state-of-the-art review on energy, water and environment interconnection and future energy efficient desalination possibilities to save energy and protect environment.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the importance of water resources in modern societies and the challenges facing modern societies, while water covers about two thirds of the surface of the earth, while air covers less than one third of it.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide insights into the physico-chemical properties and fabrication approaches of different classes of inorganic membranes and discuss the transport mechanisms associated to their unique structural features.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the current status of energy use for seawater desalination, discusses the minimum energy demand for production of fresh water and presents key factors that influence the desalification plant energy demand.

TL;DR: In this article, the state of the art of new generation nanomaterials (CNTs, graphene, zeolites, aquaporin) for water desalination is reviewed.

TL;DR: In this article, electrodialysis (ED) with monovalent selective ion exchange membranes was used to investigate the separation performance of Li + /Mg 2+ from synthetic multinary mixture.

TL;DR: The most obvious sustainable improvements in reject brine management are based on minimization techniques or reuse that can be achieved through the recovery of valuable materials such as salts, metals, and chemicals as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors designed and modeled six grid independent hybrid renewable energy systems (GIHRES), namely, solar/battery or/hydrogen/reverse osmosis desalination (ROD), wind/batteries or/Hydrogen/ROD, and solar/wind/binar battery energy storage, for increasing the fresh water availability and meeting the load demand.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the experiences of seawater reverse osmosis desalination to date indicate that environmental impacts can be satisfactorily minimized with proper design based on a reasonably complete environmental impact analysis prior to facility siting and design.

TL;DR: In this paper, different kinds of RO membrane fouling, chlorine effects, factors that influence RO membranes fouling and the ways for reduction of fouling in RO membranes were discussed.

TL;DR: A review of the theoretical underpinnings of draw solution performance and a comprehensive summary of the current literature regarding the different types of draw solutions which have been investigated and their respective benefits and detriments can be found in this article.

TL;DR: In this article, phase change materials (PCMs) are used as a thermal storage to store the latent heat of condensing vapor in solar stills, which enables the desalination process to continue after sunset without causing a decrease in the yield.

TL;DR: In this article, the nanohybrid membranes were fabricated via wet phase inversion technique and embedded with various percentage of ZnO (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46,

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a comprehensive summary of the current progresses and challenges in synthesizing aquaporin-based and carbon-based membranes, and a general framework of membrane design and material incorporation is established.

TL;DR: In this article, the progress of forward osmosis (FO) membranes obtained specially from chemical modifications is discussed, and the strengths and weaknesses of the chemical modification methods are assessed.

TL;DR: In this paper, a positively charged nanofiltration (NF) membrane was fabricated via interfacial polymerization using polyethersulfone (PES) three-channel ultrafiltration (UF) membrane as substrate, polyethyleneimine (PEI) as aqueous precursor.

TL;DR: In this article, an analytical model, based on the heat and mass transfer equations within the DCMD module, was used to predict the system performance at different operating conditions, and the model was validated with the experimental measurements.

TL;DR: In this article, dual-layer nanofiber nonwoven membranes were prepared by a facile electrospinning technique and applied for desalination by air gap membrane distillation (AGMD).

TL;DR: In this paper, carbon black (CB) particles with an average diameter of 12μm were added to the activated carbon flow electrodes at a mixing ratio of 1.5 to improve the charge efficiency of FCDI.

TL;DR: In this paper, the desalting performance of graphene oxide (GO) membranes was further optimized using one-step carboxylation via nucleophilic substitution reactions between epoxy groups of GO and amino groups of glycine.

TL;DR: In this article, various experimental techniques to assess the mechanical properties of wastewater treatment and desalination membranes are reviewed, including Uniaxial tensile test, bending test, dynamic mechanical analysis, nanoindentation and bursting tests are the most widely used mechanical characterization methods for water treatment membranes.

TL;DR: In this paper, silica nanoparticles were embedded in polyetherimide (PEI) nanofibrous support for making thin film nanocomposite (TFN) polyamide FO membranes to mitigate undesired ICP.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of salt content, salt type, molar ratio of NaCl and Na 2 SO 4, dye concentration and pH on performance of ceramic membrane for desalination of Eriochrome black T (EBT) were investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, the adsorption isotherms, thermodynamics and adaption kinetics of salt onto zeolites were investigated using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich models.

TL;DR: In this article, a super-hydrophobic PVDF membrane was prepared by phase inversion method using alcohols, namely methanol and ethanol, as nonsolvent on a nonwoven support.

TL;DR: An overview of the various FO membrane designs, in particular, the thin-film composite, surface-modified, and mixed matrix and biomimetic membranes are provided.

TL;DR: In this article, the thermodynamic cycle performance of a two-bed adsorption system was evaluated using Simulink software to assess the suitability of those metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for adaption desalination and their performance under different operating conditions.

TL;DR: In this paper, a Vertical Rotating Wick (VRW) was used to enhance the productivity of the conventional basin type solar still using a rotating black wick belt integrated against the still back-wall to act as an additional collector-evaporator area.