Showing papers in "Developmental Biology in 2010"

TL;DR: The importance of ECM as a dynamic repository for growth factors is highlighted along with more recent studies implicating the 3-dimensional organization and physical properties of theECM as it relates to cell signaling and the regulation of morphogenetic cell behaviors.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that the core promoter and basal transcription factors are important yet mostly unexplored components in the regulation of gene expression.

TL;DR: Recent novel insight is reviewed into the modalities of Hox protein function in imparting specific identity to anatomical regions of the vertebral column, and in controlling the emergence of these tissues concomitantly with providing them with axial identity.

TL;DR: The diversity of mechanisms of apical constriction, the diversity of roles that apical Constriction plays in development, and the common themes that emerge from comparing systems are reviewed.

TL;DR: This review discusses the developmental programs driving the formation of branched epithelial networks, with specific emphasis on the trachea and salivary gland of Drosophila melanogaster and the mammalian lung, mammary gland, kidney, and salIVary gland.

TL;DR: How nucleosomes positions are established, what effect nucleosome positioning has on control of gene expression, and touch on the correlations between chromatin packaging, sequence evolution, and the evolution of geneexpression programs are discussed.

TL;DR: Covalent modification of histones on chromatin is a dynamic mechanism by which various nuclear processes are regulated by the macromolecular complex COMPASS and its related complexes, and the role of H3K4 methylation in HOX gene regulation during development is investigated.

TL;DR: It is proposed that apoptosis is a central mechanism working in concert with stem cell division to restore anatomical form and function during metazoan regeneration.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the current knowledge of how the meristem functions as a persistent organ generating center and the story that emerges is one in which transcription factor activity combines with the action of the classic plant growth regulators auxin and cytokinin and with theaction of more recently discovered small peptides to control proliferation and cell fate in the shoot apicalMeristem.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea to study wound responses in regeneration initiation and found that there exist two functionally distinct signaling phases of the stem cell wound response that distinguish between simple injury and situations that require the regeneration of missing tissue.

TL;DR: This review combines knowledge gained from several in vivo model systems that have yielded insights into the regulation of morphogenic cell migration, such as the zebrafish lateral line primordium and primordial germ cells, Drosophila border cell clusters, vertebrate neural crest migration and angiogenic sprouts in the post-natal mouse retina.

TL;DR: Comparisons across three model systems are illuminating a once elusive process, providing exciting new insights and a useful framework of genes and mechanisms.

TL;DR: A model is suggested in which JAK/STAT signaling coordinates the processes of stem cell proliferation with the competence of daughter cells to undergo multilineage differentiation, ensuring a robust cellular output in the lineage.

TL;DR: It is shown that after amputation, a wounding response precedes rapid re-organization of the A/P axis, and Smed-wnt and sFRP expression during regeneration is surprisingly dynamic and reveals fundamental aspects of planarian biology that have been previously unappreciated.

TL;DR: In vivo 3-dimensional spatiotemporal matrix maps with in vitro functional time-lapse imaging show that key components of this dynamic matrix, hyaluronic acid, tenascin-C and fibronectin, differentially direct cellular behaviors including DNA synthesis, migration, myotube fragmentation and myoblast fusion.

TL;DR: A reduction in satellite cells per myofiber with age is demonstrated that is more prominent in females compared to males and could be attributed to a reduced capacity to generate a reserve population.

TL;DR: Cell culture experiments show that Agr2 expression is induced by ER stress, and that siRNA knockdown of A gr2 increases ER stress response, and suggest a role in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease.

TL;DR: Functional properties differed markedly between satellite cells: ranging from clones that proliferated extensively and gave rise to both differentiated and self-renewed progeny, to others that divided minimally before differentiating completely.

TL;DR: The functional parameters of enhancers as defined by specific assays are discussed, along with the frequency with which they occur in the genome, and the available evidence for the mechanism by which such elements communicate or interact with the promoters they regulate is examined.

TL;DR: Novel early signals are identified, mediated by the central nervous system and 3 innexin proteins, which determine the fate and axial polarity of regenerated tissue in planarians, and suggest a constructive model linking nervous inputs and polarity determination in early stages of regeneration.

TL;DR: The vascular morphogenesis that occurs in the early zebrafish embryo is described and the diversity of morphogenetic mechanisms that contribute to vessel assembly, angiogenic sprouting and tube formation in different blood vessels are discussed.

TL;DR: PVD neurons display striking structural, functional and molecular similarities to nociceptive neurons from more complex organisms and can thus provide a useful model system in which to identify evolutionarily conserved determinants of nOCiceptor fate.

TL;DR: This review examines recent developments related to the roles of miRNAs in the biology of pluripotent stem cells and posit that more than a dozen additional mi RNAs are excellent candidates for influencing the generation of iPS cells as well as for providing new insights into the process of reprogramming.

TL;DR: Genetic evidence is provided that both isoforms of 14-3-3, 14-1-3varepsilon and 14-2-3zeta, regulate Yki activity through modulating its subcellular localization and evidence that Hpo signaling restricted Yki nuclear localization depending on CRM1-mediated nuclear export.

TL;DR: The expression of a battery of molecular markers before, during, or following NCC migration in human embryos from Carnegie Stages 12 to 18 shows the need for the identification of additional markers to improve the capacity to investigate human NCC development, and to enable the generation of better diagnostic and therapeutic tools.

TL;DR: The current understanding of the mechanical forces that shape cells, tissues, and embryos is discussed, emphasizing the different modes of actomyosin contraction that generate various temporal and spatial patterns of force generation.

TL;DR: Evidence is presented for a model whereby melanophores and iridophores descend from a common precursor whose fate is regulated by an interplay between the transcription factors Mitf and Foxd3, and aFoxd3/mitfa transcriptional switch that governs whether a bi-potent pigment precursor will attain either an iridophile or a melanophore fate.

TL;DR: A model is proposed that attempts to unify many complex events that establish the CNCC migratory pattern, and based on this model information between cranial and trunk neural crest development is integrated.

TL;DR: It is shown that cranial vessels originate by angiogenesis from angioblast clusters, which themselves form by the mechanism of vasculogenesis, which is likely to be involved during vasculature formation in other vertebrate systems as well.

TL;DR: It is proposed that Dicer generated miRs are essential for two periods of bone formation, to promote osteoblast differentiation before birth, and control bone accrual in the adult.