Digital Signal Processing 

About: Digital Signal Processing is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Adaptive filter & Radar. It has an ISSN identifier of 1051-2004. Over the lifetime, 2992 publications have been published receiving 56480 citations.

Speaker Verification Using Adapted Gaussian Mixture Models

Abstract: Reynolds, Douglas A., Quatieri, Thomas F., and Dunn, Robert B., Speaker Verification Using Adapted Gaussian Mixture Models, Digital Signal Processing10(2000), 19Â?41.In this paper we describe the major elements of MIT Lincoln Laboratory's Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based speaker verification system used successfully in several NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluations (SREs). The system is built around the likelihood ratio test for verification, using simple but effective GMMs for likelihood functions, a universal background model (UBM) for alternative speaker representation, and a form of Bayesian adaptation to derive speaker models from the UBM. The development and use of a handset detector and score normalization to greatly improve verification performance is also described and discussed. Finally, representative performance benchmarks and system behavior experiments on NIST SRE corpora are presented.

Methods for interpreting and understanding deep neural networks

Abstract: This paper provides an entry point to the problem of interpreting a deep neural network model and explaining its predictions. It is based on a tutorial given at ICASSP 2017. As a tutorial paper, the set of methods covered here is not exhaustive, but sufficiently representative to discuss a number of questions in interpretability, technical challenges, and possible applications. The second part of the tutorial focuses on the recently proposed layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) technique, for which we provide theory, recommendations, and tricks, to make most efficient use of it on real data.

Score Normalization for Text-Independent Speaker Verification Systems

Abstract: Auckenthaler, Roland, Carey, Michael, and Lloyd-Thomas, Harvey, Score Normalization for Text-Independent Speaker Verification Systems, Digital Signal Processing10(2000), 42?54.This paper discusses several aspects of score normalization for text-independent speaker verification. The theory of score normalization is explained using Bayes' theorem and detection error trade-off plots. Based on the theory, the world, cohort, and zero normalization techniques are explained. A novel normalization technique, test normalization, is introduced. Experiments showed significant improvements for this new technique compared to the standard techniques. Finally, there is a discussion of the use of additional knowledge to further improve the normalization methods. Here, the test normalization method is extended to use knowledge of the handset type.

Time--frequency feature representation using energy concentration: An overview of recent advances

Abstract: Signal processing can be found in many applications and its primary goal is to provide underlying information on specific problems for the purpose of decision making. Traditional signal processing approaches assume the stationarity of signals, which in practice is not often satisfied. Hence, time or frequency descriptions alone are insufficient to provide comprehensive information about such signals. On the contrary, time-frequency analysis is more suitable for nonstationary signals. Therefore, this paper provides a status report of feature based signal processing in the time-frequency domain through an overview of recent contributions. The feature considered here is energy concentration. The paper provides an analysis of several classes of feature extractors, i.e., time-frequency representations, and feature classifiers. The results of the literature review indicate that time-frequency domain signal processing using energy concentration as a feature is a very powerful tool and has been utilized in numerous applications. The expectation is that further research and applications of these algorithms will flourish in the near future.

Massive MIMO is a reality—What is next?: Five promising research directions for antenna arrays

Abstract: Massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) is no longer a “wild” or “promising” concept for future cellular networks—in 2018 it became a reality. Base stations (BSs) with 64 fully digital transceiver chains were commercially deployed in several countries, the key ingredients of Massive MIMO have made it into the 5G standard, the signal processing methods required to achieve unprecedented spectral efficiency have been developed, and the limitation due to pilot contamination has been resolved. Even the development of fully digital Massive MIMO arrays for mmWave frequencies—once viewed prohibitively complicated and costly—is well underway. In a few years, Massive MIMO with fully digital transceivers will be a mainstream feature at both sub-6 GHz and mmWave frequencies. In this paper, we explain how the first chapter of the Massive MIMO research saga has come to an end, while the story has just begun. The coming wide-scale deployment of BSs with massive antenna arrays opens the door to a brand new world where spatial processing capabilities are omnipresent. In addition to mobile broadband services, the antennas can be used for other communication applications, such as low-power machine-type or ultra-reliable communications, as well as non-communication applications such as radar, sensing and positioning. We outline five new Massive MIMO related research directions: Extremely large aperture arrays, Holographic Massive MIMO, Six-dimensional positioning, Large-scale MIMO radar, and Intelligent Massive MIMO.