Showing papers in "Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety in 2002"

TL;DR: Some of the ENA results suggest an altered genotoxic response, which may arise either from short-term exposures to the highest contaminant levels or long-term Exposure to the lowest contaminant Levels.

TL;DR: The results suggest that despite their dietary differences, the wild and cultured fish were accumulating and distributing metals in the same manner and that aquaculture practices are not increasing metal concentrations in these fish.

TL;DR: Gill tissue restoration took longer than the recovery of blood parameters, possibly implying extra energy needs, which may be critical, depending on the fish's life cycle.

TL;DR: The study analyzes seven azo dyes whose chemical structure determines various quantities of splitting aromatic amines, such as benzidine, and finds that three of them are capable of splitting p-phenylenediamine and aniline while Mordant Orange 1 and Disperse Orange 3 can split only p- Phenylenedienine.

TL;DR: Using naphthalene as a reference toxicant, no differences were found between the sensitivities of larval rainbowfish collected from adults exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons during embryonic development and those collected from unexposed adults.

TL;DR: A study was undertaken to examine whether the mining activities had left a detectable "footprint" on the environment in the way of heavy metal phytoaccumulation, and suggests that Ledum may be the best indicator of high environmental concentrations of Pb, while Salix may the best indicators of elevated Zn and Cd.

TL;DR: The effects on the green alga Chlorella vulgaris of 40 herbicides in 19 different chemical structure classes and with 11 dissimilar modes of action were studied through 96-h acute toxicity tests and experimental results indicated that the average acute toxicity of acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides to C. vulgaris was close to those of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibitors.

TL;DR: The results indicated B(a)P as the most genotoxic compound, followed by NAPH and BNF (B( a)P>NAPH>BNF).

TL;DR: The response of wild fish to pollutants was studied using two biomarkers in chub at five stations in the Moselle River (France) and the usefulness of a large array of biomarkers is pointed out.

TL;DR: A biosensor is constructed to detect heavy metals from inhibition of alkaline phosphatase present on the external membrane of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae, cultivated in the laboratory and used for the determination of those toxic compounds.

TL;DR: Results indicate that DEP brings about significant changes in the activity of certain liver and muscle enzymes, which may have long-term effects on fish that are continuously exposed to low doses of DEP in the aquatic environment.

TL;DR: In most of the test combinations of the binary mixtures, the Zn compound was found to consistently reduce the toxic effect of Cu and Cd compounds when tested jointly against T. fuscatus.

TL;DR: Total hepatotoxin levels in mussels from enclosures decreased from August to September, indicating at least partial detoxication/depuration of the toxins, and cyanobacterial hepatotoxins reach the sea floor.

TL;DR: Investigations using different algal species as test organisms have demonstrated that algae vary greatly in their response to chemicals, and differential sensitivity of green species to the compounds could induce species shifts within communities.

TL;DR: The clinical evaluations, radiography, and PFTs revealed that the most prevalent effects of chemical weapons on respiratory tract were chronic obstructive lung disease, presenting as many types of obstructive involvement.

TL;DR: These morpho-histochemical changes in the gills provoked functional disorders (i.e. asphyxia and the loss of osmotic and ionic regulation) that may ultimately play an important role in the mortality of turbots exposed to SDS.

TL;DR: Some conclusions for anaerobic biodegradability of organic compounds were reached, based on the activity index value, following a modified method of 2-iodophenyl-3-(p-nitrophenyl)-5-pheny tetrazolium chloride-dehydrogenase activity determination.

TL;DR: Methodology was developed for measuring photoinduced short- and long-term toxicity of an important group of contaminants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), using the luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri, indicating that short-term assays may be opaque to this key mechanism of PAH toxicity.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the provisional criteria specified are at present useful tools in interpreting results of bioassay results, and it might be necessary to further reduce uncertainties in the interpretation.

TL;DR: The experimental results indicated that effect predictions based on the concentration addition model were always higher than those obtained with the independent action model and the observed effect was lower than the effect predicted by the concentration added model for all metal mixtures.

TL;DR: The data confirm the importance of 1-hydroxy pyrene as the key PAH metabolite in fish bile and suggest that the common eel is an ideal species for monitoring PAHs in estuarine environments.

TL;DR: The potential of the trace elements Ag, As, Cd, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn to inhibit the phagocytosis response of extruded coelomocytes of different worm species was tested in this paper.

TL;DR: Insecticide exposure was associated with a longer time to adult emergence and oviposition, fewer egg masses, a greater proportion of deformed egg masses and fewer eggs, and lower food ration reduced larval weights across all treatments but did not affect biomarker measurements.

TL;DR: Analysis of the combinations of copper and pesticides and their combinations revealed different patterns of response: a synergistic effect was observed when Cu(2+) was added to flumioxazin and an antagonism was detected when duckweed was exposed to a mixture of Cu( 2+) and fludioxonil or procymidone.

TL;DR: The liver pigmentary system of the frog Rana ridibunda was investigated after exposure to CdCl2 and there was a time-dependent alteration in the area occupied by pigment cells, including the so-called melanomacrophage aggregates (MMC).

TL;DR: Toxicity and bioaccumulation of this new insecticide were analyzed on aquatic species representative of the nontarget arthropodan fauna associated with target larval mosquito populations in the subalpine breeding sites to propose a possible strategy of use of this insecticide for integrated mosquito control management.

TL;DR: It is concluded that temperature is an important factor in short-term acute toxicity tests and influence of temperature on the short- and long-term toxicity of chemicals should be considered for establishing appropriate water-quality criteria and standards to protect aquatic flora and fauna and human health.

TL;DR: Although the presented data can be considered a step forward in the assessment of the potential risks of chromium(III) in terrestrial environments, further research is needed to evaluate the influence of soil parameters on the toxicity of chromarium and to quantify the effect of aging on bioavailability.

TL;DR: Potential masculinization, detoxification, and oxidative stress responses were assessed in domesticated female guppies exposed for 42 days to diluted effluent from a modern Swedish kraft pulp mill or a model androgen, and there were no indications that either effluent caused oxidative stress.

TL;DR: Studies on the limnology, plankton, and biomagnification of pesticides at Ignacio Ramírez (IR) reservoir (Mexico) were undertaken and GGTP activity and lipid peroxidation increased and AchE activity in fish decreased in response to the environmental stress caused by the elevated biomagnifying of pesticides.