Showing papers in "Educational and Psychological Measurement in 1986"
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between divergent thinking test scores and creative performance was evaluated, and the authors found that divergent reasoning test scores were associated with creative performance, but not with intellectual measures often have idiosyncratic psychometric properties.
Abstract: Because intellectual measures often have idiosyncratic psychometric properties in exceptional populations, the relationship between divergent thinking test scores and creative performance was evalu
117Â citations
TL;DR: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is widely recognized as an important measure of normal or non-pathological variations in personality as discussed by the authors, however, the construct validity of the measure has not b...
Abstract: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is widely recognized as an important measure of normal or non-pathological variations in personality. However, the construct validity of the measure has not b...
109Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Learning Style Inventory (LSI) and the newly revised LSI II were examined for internal consistency, test-retest reliability and stability of the four classifications.
Abstract: The Learning Style Inventory (LSI) and the newly revised Learning Style Inventory (LSI II) were examined for internal consistency, test-retest reliability and stability of the four classifications ...
107Â citations
TL;DR: Data based on simulated response patterns are presented which provide insight into the power and Type I error rates of the Rasch unweighted total and between person fit statistics under a variety of simulated measurement disturbances.
Abstract: The idea of whether a person's response pattern is "believable" given his estimated ability is one of the central issues in measurement. This article traces the development of this idea from Thurstone to Rasch. It also presents the rationale behind the development of person analysis in the Rasch model. Finally, it presents data based on simulated response patterns which provide insight into the power and Type I error rates of the Rasch unweighted total and between person fit statistics under a variety of simulated measurement disturbances.
103Â citations
TL;DR: The authors argued that the number of factors in the 16PF family of tests is too large and that a more parsimonious number of features adequately explain human personality. But they did not specify a suitable set of factors for each person.
Abstract: Critics have occasionally asserted that the number of factors in the 16PF family of tests is too large and that a more parsimonious number of factors adequately explains human personality. This pap...
100Â citations
TL;DR: This article investigated the effects of past computer experience on the computerized aptitude test performance of college students and found that past computer experiences did account for a significant amount of variance on the arithmetic reasoning test.
Abstract: This study investigated the effects of past computer experience on the computerized aptitude test performance of college students. Subjects were 92 undergraduates. All subjects completed an arithmetic reasoning test by computer and a Computer Experience Questionnaire. Past computer experience did account for a significant amount of variance on the arithmetic reasoning test. Suggestions regarding the future use of computerized aptitude tests are given.
88Â citations
TL;DR: This article investigated the reliability of the 55-item, 25-item and 15-item scales of the Attitudes Toward Women Scales and found that the reliability was significantly worse for women than men.
Abstract: This study investigated the reliability of the 55-item, 25-item, and 15-item, Attitudes Toward Women Scales. A sample of 43 female college students, their mothers, and their grandmothers was used i...
81Â citations
TL;DR: A sample of 72 university students was administered the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and item responses were intercorrelated and subjected to a principal factors analysis followed by a varimax rota as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A sample of 72 university students was administered the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Item responses were intercorrelated and subjected to a principal factors analysis followed by a varimax rota...
66Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, the mean score on the computerized version of an arithmetic reasoning test would be significantly lower than that on the paper-and-pencil version when there were no computers available.
Abstract: This study sought to determine whether the mean score on the computerized version of an arithmetic reasoning test would be significantly lower than that on the paper-and-pencil version when there w...
57Â citations
TL;DR: In this paper, four scales purporting to measure innovativeness were investigated in two samples of student subjects and the results indicated that they generally exhibit convergent validity in two different scales.
Abstract: Intercorrelations of four scales purporting to measure innovativeness indicate that they generally exhibit convergent validity in two samples of student subjects.
51Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study was designed to answer two questions: (1) Can cognitive strategies to increase testwiseness be taught? (2) Can the test-wise strategies be generalized by students so they can improve test-score.
Abstract: The study was designed to answer two questions: (1) Can cognitive strategies to increase testwiseness be taught? (2) Can the testwiseness strategies be generalized by students so they can improve t...
TL;DR: The Learning Style Questionnaire as discussed by the authors is a new instrument designed to assess individual learning styles within an experiential learning model, which contains 40 items in a semantic differential learning model.
Abstract: The Learning Style Questionnaire is a new instrument designed to assess individual learning styles within an experiential learning model. The instrument contains 40 items in a semantic differential...
TL;DR: In this article, results from application of the SPTE Questionnaire from 2,115 classes were factor analyzed to oblique simple structure and a first-order solution with six factors resulted: 1) Attitude Toward Students...
Abstract: Results from application of the SPTE Questionnaire from 2,115 classes were factor analyzed to oblique simple structure. A first-order solution with six factors resulted: 1) Attitude Toward Students...
TL;DR: In this paper, the importance of spatial ability, attitudes toward mathematics, mathematical background, masculinity-femininity of interest pattern, attitudes towards feminist issues, student sex, and verbal and mathematical ability as predictors of achievement in applied statistics courses for male and female students was determined.
Abstract: Subjects for this study were graduate students enrolled in inferential statistics classes at a midwestern university. The study was conducted to determine the importance of spatial ability, attitudes toward mathematics, mathematical background, masculinity-femininity of interest pattern, attitudes toward feminist issues, student sex, and verbal and mathematical ability as predictors of achievement in applied statistics courses for male and female students.Regression analyses were performed comparing full versus restricted models. The amount of variance in statistics achievement accounted for in the full model which included all the previously mentioned sets of predictor variables was .60. The most important predictor variable set was attitudes toward feminist issues (reduction in R2 = .1861). Sex-related differences were found on all variable sets except verbal and mathematical ability.
TL;DR: This paper examined the factorial validity of a widely used self-concept instrument, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI), and found substantial validity for the original CSEI with the factors emerging from the 8-factor solution.
Abstract: A review of the literature related to measurement of self-concept clearly indicates that one of the central areas of concern is the validity of the subscales of the self-concept instrumentation currently in use. The purpose of this study was to examine the factorial validity of a widely used self-concept instrument, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory. Subjects were 1397 middle school students, grades six through eight. A comparison of the established subscales and empirically derived factors indicated substantial validity for the original subscales with the factors emerging from the 8-factor solution. The School Curriculum, Home-Parent, Social-Peer, and Lie scales, which are closely related empirically, appear to be measuring distinguishable features of self-concept.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the underlying structure of ratings of clinical competence and concluded that ratings represent a multidimensional construct involving at least three dimensions: data gathering and processing skills, personal and attitudinal, and socioeconomic dimensions.
Abstract: This study investigated the underlying structure of ratings of clinical competence. The study sample was comprised of 609 physicians graduating from Jefferson Medical College between 1980 and 1983. The rating instrument consisted of 33 statements on clinical behavior in Likert-type format filled out by directors of medical education programs at postgraduate training institutions. The data were subjected to factor analysis. Three factors emerged involving "data gathering and processing skills," "interpersonal and attitudinal," and "socioeconomic" dimensions. Correlations of factor scores with independent measures of conceptually related and unrelated constructs supported the appropriateness of the assigned factor titles. It was concluded that ratings of clinical competence represent a multidimensional construct involving at least three dimensions.
TL;DR: In this article, a California Psychological Inventory (CPI) equation (30.60 -.26Wb +.35Re -. l9Gi +.39Ai +.22Ie +.36Py) was developed to forecast four-year, two-year and single-course grades in college.
Abstract: To forecast four-year, two-year, and single-course grades in college, a California Psychological Inventory (CPI) equation (30.60 - .26Wb + .35Re -. l9Gi + .39Ai + .22Ie + .36Py) was developed. Cross-validational coefficients for scores on the equation were .38 for 326 males and .36 for 570 females.
TL;DR: A job satisfaction questionnaire was developed, and 485 special educators responded to its dissemination as mentioned in this paper, including teachers of the mentally retarded, learning disabled, emotionally disturbed, and emotionally disturbed.
Abstract: A job satisfaction questionnaire was developed, and 485 special educators responded to its dissemination. The group included teachers of the mentally retarded, learning disabled, emotionally distur...
TL;DR: The most useful measure of individual differences in faking was operationalized by the variance of difference scores across subjects as mentioned in this paper, which was shown to be less sensitive to detecting forms of individual difference in Faking that are measured by the proposed within-subject measures.
Abstract: The more useful methods for assessing the fakeability of self-report measures given in Gordon and Gross (1978) are presented along with descriptions of two alternative measures of faking. These measures all assume that faking is being examined in a repeated measures design where subjects typically are asked to respond honestly on one administration of a scale, and are asked to fake on another administration. Since faking that is due to constant discrepancy over an entire group is of minor importance in most practical situations, the discussion focuses primarily on individual differences in faking. The most useful measure of individual differences in faking was operationalized by the variance of difference scores across subjects. This measure is shown to be less sensitive to detecting forms of individual differences in faking that are measured by the proposed within-subject measures. The proposed methods are described, and empirical support for their sensitivity to individual differences in faking is prese...
TL;DR: In this paper, a nonasymptotic analysis algorithm based on Pearson's chi-square statistic is presented to investigate r by c contingency tables where small expected cell frequencies render the usual asymptotic an
Abstract: A nonasymptotic analysis algorithm based on Pearson's chi-square statistic is presented to investigate r by c contingency tables where small expected cell frequencies render the usual asymptotic an
TL;DR: A factor analysis of the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form was conducted by as mentioned in this paper, based on the responses of 852 direct care staff from a variety of residential facilities.
Abstract: A factor analysis of the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form was conducted, based on the responses of 852 direct care staff from a variety of residential facilities. The results confirmed that intrinsic and extrinsic satisfactions are separate factors as reported by the authors of the scale. Also presented are norms for three satisfaction scales, comparisons between scores of staff from different facility types, and relationships between staff characteristics and job satisfaction.
TL;DR: In this article, the internal consistency and factorial composition of the Job Stress Questionnaire (JSQ), a perceptual measure of job related stress, was analyzed, and the results showed that it can be used to measure job stress.
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to analyze the internal consistency and factorial composition of the Job Stress Questionnaire (JSQ), a perceptual measure of job related stress, and to compare
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated four selection procedures for hiring school principals: interviews, assessment center, selected assessment center exercises, and paper and pencil inventories, and compared them in terms of validity, processing costs, and dollar gain expected from implementation.
Abstract: This paper evaluates four selection procedures for hiring school principals. These procedures (interviews, assessment center, selected assessment center exercises, and paper and pencil inventories) were compared in terms of validity, processing costs, and dollar gain expected from implementation. Using a pool of 115 individuals who applied for 7 principal positions, the selected assessment center exercises had the greatest utility with an expected dollar-value performance gain in excess of $58,000 over the traditional interview alternative. Use of utility analyses highlights the economic impact staffing procedures have on the educational organization.
TL;DR: The loss of statistical power associated with the use of the Bonferroni procedure is demonstrated in this article, and two options for alleviating the problem are explored, such as setting a less stringent significance level for the set of tests is shown to be less effective than increasing the sample size.
Abstract: The Bonferroni procedure controls the risk of rejecting one or more true null hypotheses no matter how many significance tests are performed, but permits the risk of failing to reject false null hypotheses to grow with the number of tests. The loss of statistical power associated with the use of this procedure is demonstrated, and two options for alleviating the problem are explored. Setting a less stringent significance level for the set of tests is shown to be less effective than increasing the sample size.
TL;DR: In this article, a survey of 434 West German and 446 American high school teachers nominated one student as highly gifted and identified the factors for the German sample were (a) self-centered/neurotic, (b) dynamic/popular, (c) achievement-oriented, (d) artistic, (e) logical problem solving, (f) verbally proficient, and (g) precocious/conforming).
Abstract: Each of 434 West German and 446 American high school teachers nominated one student as highly gifted. The teachers taught native language, mathematics/physics, music/art, or modern foreign language. All teachers completed a questionnaire in which they rated their nominees on 83 characteristics. The intercorrelations of the items were factor analyzed separately in the two samples to yield seven German and five American factors. The factors for the German sample were (a) self-centered/neurotic, (b) dynamic/popular, (c) achievement-oriented, (d) artistic, (e) logical problem solving, (f) verbally proficient, and (g) precocious/conforming. The factors identified in the American sample were (a) intelligent, (b) self-centered/neurotic, (c) dynamic/popular, (d) creative, and (e) achievement-oriented. Implications for definitions of giftedness and for the identification of gifted students are discussed.
TL;DR: A scale developed to aid in investigation of students' perceived control at school is described, and data on its reliability, validity, and factor structure are reported in this paper, where the authors discuss a paral...
Abstract: A scale developed to aid in investigation of students' perceived control at school is described, and data on its reliability, validity, and factor structure are reported. Also, discussed is a paral...
TL;DR: The 72-item Erikson Psychosocial Inventory (EPSI) was factor analyzed for a group of 534 university freshmen and sophomore students in this article, and seven factors including 54 items emerged which the authors labeled Initiative, Industry, Identity, Friendship, Dating, Goal Clarity and Self-Confidence.
Abstract: The 72-item Erikson Psychosocial Inventory (EPSI) was factor analyzed for a group of 534 university freshmen and sophomore students. Seven factors including 54 items emerged which the authors labeled Initiative, Industry, Identity, Friendship, Dating, Goal Clarity and Self-Confidence. Items representing Erikson's first two factors, Trust and Autonomy, were dispersed across the new set of factors; this factor pattern was discussed from the perspective of late adolescent development.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed an In-Basket exercise designed to be scored quickly by unsophisticated workers, along with other measures, in a large-scale industrial setting to predict first level supervisory performance.
Abstract: This article contains a description of the development of an In-Basket exercise designed to be scored quickly by unsophisticated workers. Results are presented of a study using this In-Basket exercise, along with other measures, in a large-scale industrial setting to predict first-level supervisory performance. Reliability results suggested that the two scored dimensions of this exercise possess adequate reliability for most purposes. Correlations with other predictive measures indicated that the exercise dimensions have moderate relationships with certain intellectual variables, but few with personality traits. Concurrent validities with various performance criteria indicated that the In-Basket dimensions provide predictive information about supervisory performance and represent a worthwhile component of a supervisory/management assessment battery.
TL;DR: The theory indicating that general linear model methods can be superior to ANOVA analogs is well known as mentioned in this paper, however, the magnitudes of differences induced by different analysis choices has not been evaluated.
Abstract: The theory indicating that general linear model methods can be superior to ANOVA analogs is well known. However, the magnitudes of differences induced by different analysis choices has not been emp...
TL;DR: In this paper, computer programs to calculate meta-analysis statistics are described, and several statistics for the meta analysis of Pearson correlation coefficients and of d effect sizes are provided, including the effect size of the effect.
Abstract: Computer programs to calculate meta-analysis statistics are described. The programs provide several statistics for the meta-analysis of Pearson correlation coefficients and of d effect sizes. Obser...