Showing papers in "Ekonomika Poljoprivrede (1979) in 2018"
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between the demographic factors of the farmers and their innovativeness in terms of acceptance and the degree of using the Internet and social media by farmers.
Abstract: In recent years, huge efforts have been made to implement ICT innovations in the agricultural sector in order to increase its competitiveness. The question that can be posed is what depends on the successful implementation of ICT innovations among farmers. Numerous scientific papers were published with the purpose of identifying factors that affect acceptance of particular innovation by users. The aim of this paper was to determine whether the farmer innovativeness influences the acceptance and the degree of using the Internet and social media by farmer. Additionally, statistically significant correlation between the demographic factors of the farmers and their innovativeness was investigated. The research was conducted using survey method. Descriptive statistics, Correlation analysis using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and Chi-square test were used as statistical methods. Obtained results confirmed the initial hypotheses and based on that recommendations for the creation of a marketing strategy for introducing new ICT solutions in the fled of agriculture are made.
23 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted a study to assess sustainability in the Southeast Europe, represented with a group of 10 countries with the 15 multi-metric indicators, and a cluster analysis was performed on the set of indices to check the formation of distinctive clusters.
Abstract: Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainability indicators are based on the attempt to measure or determine the path of development of the economy in two directions: sustaining human wellbeing, or preserving the capacity to provide wellbeing. The research has been conducted to assess sustainability in the Southeast Europe, represented with a group of 10 countries with the 15 multi-metric indicators. A cluster analysis was performed on the set of indices to check the formation of distinctive clusters. Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia constitute frst cluster, proving small differences among data. Second cluster consists of Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania, while last cluster consists of only Greece and Slovenia.
21 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the adequacy of the discounting method apply of future results for the evaluation of capital value in dairy industry, on an individual case, where the selected value context in evaluating the enterprise value was "a fair value", while there was applied an output approach i.e. the future results discounting approach.
Abstract: The goal of the paper is to do research of adequacy of the discounting method apply of future results for the evaluation of capital value in dairy industry, on an individual case. Appraisal of the capital value is a complex procedure of researching, studying, analysing and evaluating numerous factors, which have an effect on an enterprise’s value. The appraisal of the dairy capital value from the Pester plateau was presented in the paper. Need for assessment was the change of the dairy’s ownership structure. The selected value context in evaluating the enterprise value was “a fair value”, while there was applied an output approach i.e. the future results discounting method, because it was about an enterprise that continued to operate. Discounting the future expected outputs represents a current value of future expected outputs with a discount rate, which reflects uncertainty resulted by the expected yields. According to this paper’s results, there has been established that the discounting methods of DCF future results can successfully apply in the dairy capital evaluation that continued to operate.
19 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the export competitiveness of food manufacturing of Republic of Serbia during the period 1996-2016 by using the following indicators: Revealed comparative advantage (RCA), Competitiveness growth index, Index of net business performance (RCCA2), Index of contribution to the trade balance (CTB), Grubel-Lloyd index (GLI), and Michaely index (MI).
Abstract: The subject of paper is export competitiveness of food manufacturing of Republic of Serbia during the period 1996-2016. The analysis of export competitiveness was realised by using the following indicators: Revealed comparative advantage (RCA), Competitiveness growth index (RCA1), Index of net business performance (RCA2), Index of contribution to the trade balance (CTB), Grubel-Lloyd index (GLI) and Michaely index (MI). The results show that RCA values were positive in all years, which speaks of comparative advantage of this industry on the domestic market. Since the RCA1 values were higher than one, they revealed export competitiveness. The positive values of RCA2 during the period 2005-2016 bear witness of contribution of food manufacturing in foreign trade balance of Serbian economy. The average value of CTB index was 3.998 and its positive annual values showed that the contribution of food manufacturing in the total trade balance was positive. The change of GLI values pointed to the loss of ability of the sector to create surplus of national trade balance. Positive annual values of MI confirmed the competitiveness of food manufacturing, but also its insufficient specialization.
17 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze connection between indications of geographical origin for wines related to the EU trademark in the light of the current EU regulations and most recent practice of the Court of Justice of the European Union.
Abstract: Trademarks and indications of geographical origin have different legal nature. Main difference is that trademarks indicate origin of goods from specifc business entity and indications of geographical origin refers to geographical origin of goods. In an effort to fnd suitable forms of labelling their product, manufacturers are also using indications of geographical origin. In other words, beside the difference that exists between trademarks and indications of geographical origin, in practice there are cases when indications of geographical origin is used as subject of submitted or registered trademark. Registration practice of indications of geographical origin as trademarks is very restrictive today and it is allowed only under special conditions. In this work we will analyze connection between indications of geographical origin for wines related to the EU trademark in the light of the current EU regulations and most recent practice of the Court of Justice of the European Union.
16 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a study of the optimal inventory level was conducted in agricultural holdings on the territory Banat in 2015 based on data on spare parts purchase and malfunction of agricultural machinery, where the data was processed with the use of stochastic model of supplies.
Abstract: Managing reserves of spare parts for agricultural machinery in agricultural farms represents one of the most important activities in securing smooth functioning, especially having in mind the imperative of continuous agricultural production. Aims of this study were to show how efficiency of the agricultural farms as a business subject can be secured by determining timely purchase of spare parts by using a stochastic model of supplies on one side and reduce the time of malfunction of agricultural machinery on the other. Study of optimal inventory level was conducted in agricultural holdings on the territory Banat in 2015 based on data on spare parts purchase and malfunction of agricultural machinery. Acquired data was related to frequency of defects and the need for spare parts, as well as the price of spare parts, where the data was processed with the use of stochastic model of supplies. The optimal number of spare parts for the observed equipment in the observed period was y*=4 with the probability of 85% that this amount of spare parts will be sufficient for all malfunctions on the equipment to be eliminated, while taking a 15% risk that one or two spare parts will be acquired with emergency procurements in case of extraordinary circumstances. The model of managing supplies represented in such a way provides an opportunity to be easily applied in agricultural farms, where the values of an optimal solution would be effectively got with previously chosen values of suitable parameters, thus minimizing total expected costs, which would include fxed costs, expenses caused by unsatisfied requests, where the time of waiting for the observed equipment to be fxed would be taken into account.
15 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed whether and how national identity and prestige affect the assessment of local food products and whether this assessment affects readiness to buy them, and showed that prestige is important for the purchase process of food products.
Abstract: In modern living conditions, consumers have access to a greater offer of food products than ever before. In addition to local food products, the growth of foreign food products is noticeable, which signifcantly intensifes competition in this sector. The paper analyzes whether and how national identity and prestige affect the assessment of local food products and whether this assessment affects readiness to buy them. The research objective is to show whether national identity influences the purchase of local food products among consumers in Serbia, and whether prestige is important for the purchase process, as is the case with other product categories. The main research results indicate that the prestige factor has an impact on the assessment of both local and foreign food products, while the national identity factor has an impact only on local food product assessment. Also, research results indicate that food product assessment has an impact on the purchase of both local and foreign food products.
14 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the impact of employee satisfaction on tourist satisfaction with the services of spa tourism in the Republic of Serbia, based on a sample of 125 respondents, of which 55 were employees and 70 tourists / guests in hotels “Jelak” and “Kopaonik”.
Abstract: The quality of employees’ work in the tourism industry depends primarily on their job satisfaction. This has directed the subject of the research in this paper to examine the impact of employee satisfaction on tourist satisfaction with the services of spa tourism in the Republic of Serbia. Research was conducted using the survey method, the questionnaire technique, in Lukovska Spa, based on a sample of 125 respondents, of which 55 were employees and 70 tourists / guests in hotels “Jelak” and “Kopaonik”. The most important fnding of the research is related to the correlation between the employee satisfaction and the tourist satisfaction with the quality of service in Lukovska Spa, which confrmed the hypothesis of the direct and positive impact of employee satisfaction on the tourist satisfaction with the quality of services. Employee satisfaction has a positive impact on the quality of the service, which directly affects the tourist satisfaction with the quality of the services provided.
13 citations
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TL;DR: Paper as discussed by the authors used FADN, NBS and bank balance sheet data in order to analyse supply and demand side of this credit market segment, with the aim to better understand the conditions for its development.
Abstract: Agricultural loans present unutilized bank credit market segment in Serbia. This is not only missed profit opportunity for banks, but also serious deficiency that slows down the development of agriculture and rural areas. Paper uses FADN, NBS and bank balance sheet data in order to analyse supply and demand side of this credit market segment, with the aim to better understand the conditions for its development. Paper recommends better education of producers and lenders. Banks should better understand the requirements of agricultural producers and risks of the production to be able to create tailored credits. Insurance has very important role in specific risk hedging and can facilitate agricultural loans. There is also a need to adjust the conditions for obtaining subsidized loans, while the land size is considered as a key prerequisite for obtaining loans in the situation of large fragmentation of properties.
13 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the need for the adoption of the strategy for sustainable development of rural tourism in the actual transition period in the Republic of Serbia, with clearly defned development priorities and modalities of fnancing for all segments of tourism offer.
Abstract: The important reason for the lack of rural tourism development, in most rural areas in Serbia, is undefned strategic development directions and the lack of financial investment. The aim of this paper is to highlight the need for the adoption of the strategy for sustainable development of rural tourism in the actual transition period in the Republic of Serbia, with clearly defned development priorities and modalities of fnancing for all segments of rural tourism offer. The adoption of this strategy is necessary in the Republic of Serbia, in the actual transition period, in order to develop rural areas, to reduce regional differences in economic development, and in order to stop actual depopulation process of rural areas. Defning innovative and additional sources of funding is necessary, because the existing are limited and insuffcient. The paper used a method of analysis and synthesis, descriptive, and comparative method.
12 citations
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TL;DR: A mathematical model of a doubly-fed asynchronous generator is defended in the paper, using spatial vector theory, in relation to the reference axis associated with the stator.
Abstract: A mathematical model of a doubly-fed asynchronous generator is defend in the paper, using spatial vector theory, in relation to the reference axis associated with the stator. Expressions for characteristic quantities are derived, and operational characteristics for the torque, active and reactive power, power factor, and efficiency are plotted, from which generator operation is analysed at different rotational speeds. Based on this, possibilities and advantages of using doubly-fed asynchronous generators in wind turbines, for obtaining electrical energy from wind energy, are deduced.
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TL;DR: In this article, various methods of scientifc research were used in the breakdown of complex categories, methods of specialization and after synthesis elaboration, different conclusions were formed. On the basis of the aim of this paper, the methods are chosen which by their combination enable the quality realization of the research.
Abstract: Agriculture as an economic activity depends heavily on living organisms and ecosystems for its vulnerability of nature and therefore the environment has become a common global problems of the modern world. International legislation in the feld of environmental protection has not yet reached the level that would allow a peaceful life for all people and all living creatures on our planet. During this research various methods of scientifc research were used in the breakdown of complex categories, methods of specialization and after synthesis elaboration, different conclusions were formed. On the basis of the aim of this paper, the methods are chosen which by their combination enable the quality realization of the research.
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TL;DR: In this paper, an empirical study was conducted on the sample of 66 organic food producers in the Republic of Croatia to obtain more information of the structure and organizational features of the organic farms in Croatia, as well as perceptions of organic foods producers about barriers that disable faster development of organic food market.
Abstract: Organic market in the EU is growing faster than the area of production and is facing many problems and challenges. In order to obtain more information of the structure and organizational features of the organic farms in the Republic of Croatia, as well as perceptions of organic food producers about barriers that disable faster development of organic food market, empirical research was conducted on the sample of 66 organic food producers. Research findings suggest that the largest number of organic farms are small farms up to 5 hectares (ha). Organic food producers are the most prominent in the field of fruit production, and key motives for engagement in organic agriculture are their personal beliefs, health reasons and environmental care. Regarding the distribution of the organic food products, most producers sell their organic food products directly to the final consumer, mostly on family farms and local fairs. Regarding indirect distribution, specialized stores are dominant retail format, followed by wholesale. The paper gives valuable contribution, as it lists the producers' proposals for further development of organic food products market in Croatia.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the financial position of companies that are ready for privatization at this moment and which is one of the factors of negative impact on the decision of the investor was analyzed using the Altman Z'score model, the Kralicek Quick test and the balanced growth model.
Abstract: Privatization as a phase of the transitional process also included agriculture. The most attractive enterprises in agriculture, primarily in the food industry, were privatized in the first wave, while the process of privatization of other less attractive companies was slowed down and implemented mainly by the auction model. The remaining companies waiting for the privatization process are not attractive and there are problems that are expressed through poor financial position and relatively low potential. An exception is made by PKB Corporation, which has a potential and relatively stable market, making this company an acceptable option for investors. The financial position of the companies that are ready for privatization at this moment and which is one of the factors of negative influence on the decision of the investor was analyzed using the Altman Z’-score model, the Kralicek Quick test and the balanced growth model. All tests have shown that the analyzed companies are in a bad financial position and that the future investor will have to invest significant funds in financial consolidation, balancing cash flows and investment in order to ensure adequate development and efficient business.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have considered greenhouse gases emission in retail food and the effect of applying the concept of sustainable development in retail has been attracting interest in recent years and the analysis of the original sustainable reports officially disclosed by selected food retailers.
Abstract: The analysis of the effects of applying the concept of
sustainable development in retail has been attracting interest
recently. In that context we have considered greenhouse
gases emission in retail. This is achieved by using modern
ecological technology in business – through the whole food
value chain. The goal is to achieve the planned reductions
of carbon dioxide in retail food, which positively reflects
the overall performance of food retailers. This empirical
research is mainly based on the analysis of the original
sustainable reports officially disclosed by selected food
retailers. These reports are now an integral part of the
integrated reporting on performance of global food
retailers. Having been universally important, harmonized
regulations on sustainable retail food reporting are being
increasingly applied as a data source for more efficient
environmental management. In the future, this will enable
the comparative analysis of the carbon dioxide emission of
global and other food retailers.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the activity development efficiency of small wineries in the Republic of Serbia as insufficiently used development potential of one industry branch using DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis).
Abstract: This paper contains the attempt to evaluate the activity development efficiency of small wineries in the Republic of Serbia as insufficiently used development potential of one industry branch. Small wineries represent an activity which is currently being developed and it is expected that it will, as it is the case in developed countries, contribute to the total economic development and employment, development of brand as recognizable brand of wine from this region and start further recognizable development of this branch as family business in the country and abroad. The analysis was performed using the non-parametric linear programming model DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis). The aim of this paper is that, using the analysis of financial statements and the effectiveness of representative wineries belonging to the category of small enterprises, a rational strategic decision-making is provided.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce results of research through analyses of a significant number of activities, aimed at preventing the negative impact of tourism in the area of its operating, observed through a selected number of exemplified managing system protections, in particular world’s natural sites, including the Republic of Serbia.
Abstract: This research paper introduces results of research through analyses of a significant number of activities, aimed at preventing the negative impact of tourism in the area of its operating, observed through a selected number of exemplified managing system protections, in particular world’s natural sites, including the Republic of Serbia. Important models of protection are presented through numerous case studies, among which, especially observed, and noted in this research paper are: establishing site protection status on an international and local level, zoning of tourism and site carrying capacity. Taken into consideration, these models can give positive results by contributing the planning strategies of other countries or regions, including the Republic of Serbia. With regular monitoring, they are to bring constitution to novel or implement the existing measures of protection, aimed at promoting positive ecological and social long-term outcomes.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a synthesis of three important aspects in the approach to the environment, on the basis of which it is possible to meet its normative definition and understand the situation in practice.
Abstract: The work is a synthesis of three important aspects in the approach to the environment, on the basis of which it is possible to meet its normative definition and understanding of the situation in practice. Given this basis it is possible to separate international, general and criminal legal area of its normative regulation. Each of these aspects is equally important in getting to know the area of the environment in our country. Hence, it is used in expanding the methodological approach which comprises a number of methods (legal, social, statistically, systematically et al.). In addition to the theoretical part of the work an important aspect is the research pertinent to scope and dynamics of criminal acts against the environment in the country. The results are tabulated on the basis of which conclusions are derived as well as suggestions de le ferenda. Timeframe of the research covers the period 2011-2015. year and is based on information contained in the bulletins RSO. We believe that the five-year period in determining the oscillating trends in the field of criminal law protection of the environment provides sufficient referral. In the final part of the paper, a detailed analysis of material is presented as well as a critical review of the presence of inconsistency between the normative and the real situation in the field of environmental protection.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify key incentive and restrictive factors that determine the demand of individual farmers for crop insurance in Serbia, and different conclusions are made on the base of 12 tested hypotheses related to the problem of promoting the demand for crop coverage.
Abstract: Worldwide researches of the crop insurance suggest two key problems: the lack of the insurer’s interest for defining supply and on the other side, insufficient interest of farmers – potential insureds. The role of the state is necessary in promoting insurance in agriculture, as well as in financing researches that are not exclusively commercial. Having in mind numerous risks and forms of managing them, starting from the fact that risk management is the basis of economic survival of agricultural production, and the lack of previous research in this area, our research is aimed at identifying key incentive and restrictive factors that determine the demand of individual farmers for crop insurance in Serbia. Different conclusions are made on the base of 12 tested hypotheses related to the problem of promoting the demand for crop insurance. Measures of dependence that were used in this paper are Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and Pearson’s contingency coefficient.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the development of entrepreneurship based on Pro-poor tourism principles in rural destinations in Serbia, focusing on the just allocation of material and immaterial goods in a local community area.
Abstract: The subject of the research in this paper is the development of entrepreneurship based on Pro-poor tourism principles in rural destinations. The aim of the research is to project development models of entrepreneurship based on Pro-poor tourism in the rural environments in Serbia. General analytical-synthetic research method has been applied, in the span of bibliographic-speculative, to empirical approach. The poverty of rural population is a heated problem in many countries, Serbia included. Developing entrepreneurship in the field of tourism stands out as one of the most efficient ways to solve this problem. Focusing on the just allocation of material and immaterial goods in a local community area includes adopting the concept of tourism and entrepreneurship development based on Pro-poor tourism. This includes the development of micro type businesses, small and family companies, the development of tourism business through diversification of products and activities traditional for the households in rural areas, and including the development principle that focuses on the interests of the poorest members of the local community. For this reason, reliance of local resources with promoting local capacities and increasing the participation level of the local community in developmental activities is the key of success of Pro-poor strategies.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore technical effciency of 91 Serbian dairy processors in sample by non-parametric method Data envelopment analysis and show that efficient companies exist across all size groups, and while small companies suffer from input ineffiency and insufficient size of business, the bigger companies are over invested.
Abstract: Serbian dairy processing sector is passing through signifcant structural changes in last couple decades. Concentration, vertical coordination and integration become a main characteristics. The main goal of the paper is to explore technical effciency of 91 Serbian dairy processors in sample by non-parametric method Data envelopment analysis. Data were collected from financial reports of dairy companies in 2015. All dairy companies were divided in 4 groups: micro, small, middle and big. The empirical results indicate that 16.5% of companies were technically effcient. This study shows that efficient companies exist across all size groups, and while small companies suffer from input ineffciency and insufficient size of business, the bigger companies are over invested.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the relationship between the number of manifestations and tourist traffic during the year, while the existence of an interdependence between tourist traffic in the regions was not recorded.
Abstract: Under the influence of globalization and mass settlement of cities and urban areas, nostalgia for traditional and rural is increasingly felt. All this supports the development of manifestation and gastronomic tourism and the promotion of autochthonous products and traditions. Serbia is a country where a large number of national minorities lives, each of which has an impact on the gastronomy of some area. The combination of all the cuisines and the diversity of tradition made Serbian dishes unique. There are a large number of events in the tourism offer of Serbia, which themes are gastronomic products. Manifestations, as a kind of promotion of a particular area, are becoming more and more popular. The paper analyses gastronomic manifestations as an important segment of Serbia’s tourism offer. The methods applied in the paper are the method of correlation and comparative analysis. The results of the research indicate a positive interdependence between the number of manifestations and tourist traffic during the year, while the existence of an interdependence between the number of manifestations and tourist traffic in the regions was not recorded.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted an experimental research on Narcissus L. growing under lower natural light intensity and found that the biggest impact on plant price was that of the flower diameter (β =.555, p≤.001).
Abstract: Plant production monitoring should be conducted taking into consideration agrarian, economic and other factors. The authors of the paper point out the importance of the intensity of light on plant growing in predominantly urban growing conditions. The authors conducted an experimental research on Narcissus L. The focus was on 8 physical parameters of cultivated plants that are compared to average actual prices on the market of the Republic of Serbia. The contribution of authors is in pointing out an individual physical plant parameter with a decisive impact on its price. Narcissus L. growing under lower natural light intensity indicates that the biggest impact on plant price is that of the flower diameter (β = .555, п≤.001). Plant growing under higher light intensity has an impact on its price predominantly on the basis of the flower diameter (β=2.947, p≤.001) and stalk diameter (β = 2.947, п≤.001).
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the current and potential elements for tourism development of Eastern Serbia's products, based on the relevant literature and factual situation on the feld, the goal is to rank tourism development strategies in order to enable better positioning of tourism in Eastern Serbia on the Serbian tourist map.
Abstract: Natural beauties of Eastern Serbia combined with the culture, traditions, food specialties and music, can become a recognizable tourism brand, which could improve the image of this part of Serbia, and that is the reason why Eastern Serbia has been recently discovering its potential for tourism development. The aim of this paper is to analyze the current and potential elements for tourism development of Eastern Serbia’s products. Based on the relevant literature and factual situation on the feld, the goal is to rank strategies for tourism development on the territory of Eastern Serbia in order to enable better positioning of tourism in Eastern Serbia on the Serbian tourist map. In order to rank tourism development strategies we have used neutrosophic sets. The justification and usability of the proposed approach for the selection of tourism development strategy is demonstrated in the implemented numerical example.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the relationship between autochthonous wine attributes and wine consumption motives through a questionnaire, processed by standard statistical methods, univariate (general description of the sample), and multivariate statistics (factor analysis, cluster analysis and logistic regression).
Abstract: This paper had a goal to explore the relationship between autochthonous wine attributes and wine consumption motives. Data were collected through a questionnaire, processed by standard statistical methods, univariate (general description of the sample), and multivariate statistics (factor analysis, cluster analysis and logistic regression). Through factor analysis five main dimensions of wine consumption motives were determined, namely social status, socializing effects, health, self indulgence and relaxation. For autohchthonous wine (Malvazija Istarska) three factor dimensions of wine attributes were determined: reccomendations, quality and origin. Through cluster analysis, wine consumption motives showed significant relations to the wine attributes, whereas self-expression, and health and taste stood out as the most important dimensions between high and low wine attribute importance segments
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the previous tourism development of mountain tourist destinations in Serbia, such as Kopaonik and Tara, and the indicators of sustainable tourism are tested in this paper.
Abstract: Tourism represents the fastest growing branch of economy, which is focused on the realization of economic effects. In the previous period of tourism development, no account was taken of natural resources and the environment. Contemporary trends indicate the existence of a growing demand for preserved natural resources аnd ecologically clean environment. This trend has caused sustainable tourism development, which will establish a positive relationship between the tourism development and the preservation of the environment. This paper presents the fundamentals of sustainable tourism development. Serbia’s mountain areas have a preserved potential of natural resources and the environment, which are the basis for the development of sustainable tourism. The aim of paper is to analyze the previous tourism development of mountain tourist destinations in Serbia, such as Kopaonik and Tara. The indicators of sustainable tourism are tested in this paper, and the results will show whether the previous tourism development in these areas was sustainable or unsustainable.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the possibility of weather derivatives application in winter tourism - snowfall forwards - in order to hedge the business of ski lift operator company in the country.
Abstract: Tourism, as one of the main driving forces of economic development, is exposed to many risks. Besides frequent fluctuations in foreign currency exchange, prices of fuel and transportation, the tourism industry has become more sensitive to weather conditions lately. One of the new instruments which can be efficiently used for weather risk hedging is weather derivatives (forwards, futures, options and swaps on chosen weather variables - temperature, rain, snow, wind etc.). In this paper, we will present the possibility of weather derivatives application in winter tourism - snowfall forwards - in order to hedge the business of ski lift operator company. Our research is based on snowfall data of Kopaonik mountain ski resort and revenues of ski lift operator company. We will show that weather derivatives might be an effective tool for hedging weather risk and reducing the volatility of companies' revenues in the winter ski tourism business in Serbia.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors pointed to the current state of the level of services provided in rural parts of Serbia, and on the basis of the obtained data, found that there are disparities in the examined clusters when it comes to the level and quality of the services provided.
Abstract: Serbia is a country known for turbulent historical events, which completely disrupted the economic and political state of the country, and which had negative effects on the country’s tourist development. In this research, the authors pointed to the current state of the level of services provided in rural parts of Serbia, and on the basis of the obtained data, found that there are disparities in the examined clusters when it comes to the level and quality of the services provided. So far, only a small number of authors have pointed to this issue, however, this research discusses a key problem that has negative implications for the development of rural tourism in Serbia. By including results in further research related to rural tourism, it is possible to develop long-term plans for removing regional disparities in rural clusters in Serbia.
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of the global food retail trends and the role of power in the supply chain management in the introduction, the discussion focuses on UTPs and regulatory mechanisms to address them at the EU level, in selected EU MSs and in Serbia.
Abstract: The abuse of bargaining power by retailers is reflected in unfair trading practices (UTPs) and there has been a growing interest among EU MSs to address them using regulatory approach and self-regulatory initiatives among market participants. The experiences of ex-YU and neighboring EU MSs are of interest for Serbia. Serbian food suppliers are not protected from UTPs apart from general competition and contract rules and payment terms regulation. Therefore, after a brief review of the global food retail trends and the role of power in the supply chain management in the introduction, the discussion focuses on UTPs and regulatory mechanisms to address them at the EU level, in selected EU MSs and in Serbia. Regarding existing EU and MS practices, it is recommended that Serbia introduce specific UTP regulation in the food supply chain and authorize the Commission for Protection of Competition for the enforcement.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a correlation and regression analysis of support for agricultural production and prices of agricultural products indicate a moderate correlation level, i.e. the support contributes to price stability.
Abstract: Agricultural sector in the EU functions under strong influence of the CAP. EU finances the measures to support production of agricultural products and food. CAP is founded on the goals of ensuring price stability. Correlation and regression analysis have largely confirmed the given hypotheses. General price levels in EU, as well as the prices of agricultural products have been stable, as shown by the respective trend line equations. Correlation and regression analysis of support for agricultural production and prices of agricultural products indicate a moderate correlation level, i.e. the support contributes to price stability. Correlation analysis confirms the influence of prices of industrial products on the prices of agricultural products. Results of price movement analysis of agricultural products and foods on one hand, and independent variables affecting prices on the other, show that CAP objectives have been mainly accomplished. Thus, interventionism in agriculture brings economic effects and justifies the CAP measures.