Showing papers in "Energy Policy in 1991"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify mechanisms whereby urbanization affects energy consumption and find that the largest single source of change in energy-use is personal transportation, which shifts to sources outside the household, using modern energy sources.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify actors and create a topology for the various barriers that hinder their efforts to achieve better energy efficiencies at the very lowest level of the energy consumer to the very highest level of global financial agencies.

TL;DR: In this paper, a bundle of activities is suggested to overcome the obstacles to avoid the risk of global warming energy conservation is becoming increasingly important, including the motivation of company managers, improved energy consultation, the use of the multiplicator function of the association and a stronger engagement of the state and the utilities.

TL;DR: In this article, the potential environmental impacts associated with geothermal plants are discussed, along with the costs for environmental controls, emissions abatement, water and land-use, and other aspects are discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed that wave energy can potentially contribute one TW to global energy supply and that the time variablity of wave energy could be smoothed by integration with the general energy supply system.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a methodology for comparing the cost-effectiveness of different technical options for the abatement of greenhouse gas emissions, and determine the extent to which each technology can contribute to abatements by a specified date.

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of renewable energy sources in cutting CO 2 emissions is examined and the barriers to their development might be overcome in two countries, the UK and Denmark, particularly in the light of increasing environmental concerns.

TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that the characteristics of different variable and energy-limited renewable sources are usually complementary, and current trends in power system development will further ease their integration, provided that their role in power systems is properly managed and reflected in the tariff arrangements for renewable generators.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the implications of the behavioural and program evaluation literature on energy efficiency and suggest that reliance upon market mechanisms alone will not permit realization of economically efficient levels of energy efficiency, and point the way toward designing energy efficiency programmes that show real promise of significantly achieving their potential in industrialized market economies.

TL;DR: In this article, the application of energy analysis to the assessment of renewable energy sources is examined and the benefits of using energy analysis as a means of evaluating new energy technologies is explained in relation to current concern about resource depletion and global warming.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the reasons for the success and failure of the renewable energy technologies in some areas of the world, and discuss the indirect costs of these technologies in terms of environmental problems of a local as well as a global magnitude.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors quantified the cost of grid electricity to the end-user and compared with electricity from decentralized energy systems to obtain the specific distances from the grid, the level of demand and the load factor conditions under which using decentralized energy system for rural India makes economic sense.

TL;DR: In this article, the present structure of residential electricity demand is analyzed by electricity consumption classes and end-uses, and other determinants of electricity-use, such as income and place of residence, are also discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyse the past changes in the efficiency of household appliance electricity use and discuss the potential for, and barriers to, further increases in the future, in order to provide a given amount of energy service (for example, heating, cooling, locomotion or mechanical force).

TL;DR: In this article, the progress made by wind energy in the last 10 years, and discusses the potential of this technology are discussed. And the barriers to deployment of wind energy are assessed including environmental impact and the measures required to implement a wind energy programme are described.

TL;DR: In this article, an integrated approach for choosing among energy supply-and demand-side measures shows that, compared to business-as-usual demand patterns, global greenhouse-gas emissions can be reduced well below current levels with net economic benefits to society.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the conservation potential of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) for managing the rapidly increasing electrical energy and peak demand in India and Brazil, and find that because residential electricity is subsidized, the consumers have little or no incentive to purchase and install CFLs, unless they too are subsidized.

TL;DR: In this article, the results from a unique decision-aiding project in the parliament of Finland show that when dealing with nuclear power there are preferential value differences as well as different opinions about the facts and data both among and between the politicians and experts.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine how wind energy has come of age in California and show that wind energy is now ready to take its place among conventional resources and demonstrate that the technology works, that it can produce sizable amounts of electricity, and that it is economically competitive.

TL;DR: The debate about how much energy efficiency is socially desirable and what is the best way to finance and implement energy conservation measures has reached a critical junction in many countries as mentioned in this paper, and the arguments have passed the stage of whether more energy efficiency are possible or desirable, and are centred around how much, and how best to implement them.

TL;DR: In this article, the fluxes of renewable energy through the environment are outlined, and various conversion techniques are discussed, in terms of technological requirements and of basic efficiency limits, for the major renewable energy forms: solar, wind, waves, hydro and biomass.

TL;DR: In this article, the short and long-run economic impacts of power supply inadequacy in developing countries are discussed, including the need for significant changes in investment planning and resource mobilization strategies, efficiency improvements, pricing reforms and the integration of public and private power suppliers.

TL;DR: In this article, an assessment of historical developments and currently available end-use technologies in the electricity sector of IEA member countries reveals considerable scope for further improvement, which can only be achieved through vigorous and concerted action on the part of consumers, governments and electric utilities.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the contribution of energy efficiency in key energy-use sectors and recent changes that may signal a slowdown in the rate of improvement in energy efficiency are examined.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present 42 recent schemes offering financial incentives to encourage the use of energy-efficient compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) in six countries and manufacturers, retailers, and governments played active roles.

TL;DR: The case for nuclear power is usually presented in simple terms based on its apparent lack of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and the suggested extent of uranium resources, however, it has been shown that CO 2 is released by the inevitable use of fossil fuels in the nuclear power system as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: The authors argues that the current predictions of the IPCC brook no other course of action than a radical shift to a new global energy infrastructure; societal feedbacks may yet come to impose the management of such a paradigm shift on industry and policymakers in the 1990s; and that the long-term winners in the energy industry will be those with the prescience today to see the writing on the greenhouse wall.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors report on findings from a study of household electricity consumption and the potential impact on future electricity demand of improving appliance efficiency in urban Java, Indonesia, based on results from a recent survey of 2 700 households, and the market for and characteristics of appliances currently sold in Indonesia.

TL;DR: The implications of CO2 reductions are nowhere more profound than in the transport sector as mentioned in this paper, and a succesful strategy will contain a variety of approaches, encompassing both short-and long-term policies.