Showing papers in "Energy Policy in 1996"

TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the range of energy efficiency indicators that can be used, particularly at the policy level, and discuss the specific limitations and appropriate uses of physical thermodynamic, economic-thermodynamic and pure economic indicators.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare and contrast the results of ethnographic investigations of energy use behavior in Fukuoka, Japan and Oslo, Norway and find that Japanese space heat and lighting habits are more disciplined and less culturally significant.

TL;DR: In this article, the causal direction between energy consumption and economic growth in developing countries is identified, and the results show that unless energy supply constraints are eased, economic growth and development will remain elusive to these countries.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors document and examine the diffusion of small-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems in Kenya at the same time that integrated energy plans and top-down models championing renewable energy futures are becoming increasingly common, a new power base, divorced from these grand schemes, has begun to emerge.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors re-evaluated the marginal impact of CO2 emissions in the light of new scientific and economic understanding of the cooling effects of sulphate aerosols and ozone depletion, the regional distribution of global warming damages, nonlinearity in damage as a function of temperature rise and the appropriate discount rate.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a simplified method to determine the value of deferring electric utility capacity investments using distributed generation, considering both economic and technical factors, including uncertainty in the price of distributed generation.

TL;DR: The Second Sulphur Protocol signed in Oslo in 1994, which took into account maps of critical loads as those levels of annual deposition which are deemed sustainable without adverse effects as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, a comparative analysis of the changes in energy use and CO 2 emissions from passenger transport in nine OECD countries between 1973 and 1992 is presented, based on a newly published international data set covering vehicle activity, passenger travel and fuel use by mode.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized selected studies of the potential and cost of carbon emissions mitigation strategies in the post-planned economies of the former Soviet Union and Central and Eastern Europe and concluded that these economies present significant opportunities and serious difficulties in energy related carbon dioxide emissions mitigation.

TL;DR: In the Netherlands, the official goal for wind power development in the Netherlands is 1000 MW by the year 2000 as discussed by the authors, but only about 300 MW appears to be feasible, which is far behind the official target.

TL;DR: In this paper, a tenable case cannot be made: market failures do not produce a consistent bias towards energy use; conservation programmes do not reduce the cause of the market failure, and more typically exacerbate market or regulatory failures; and there is no evidence that such programmes make consumers better off in the relevant sense that consumers are willing to pay for them.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest that an alternative energy path emphasizing energy efficiency and renewable energy development can be in China's long-term economic and environmental interest, and they also suggest that renewable energy can be used to meet the growing needs of its population.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors estimate the aggregated monetized damage due to climate change at 1.5 to 2.0% of world GDP (for 2 × CO2).

TL;DR: Efficient use of electricity is undergoing 12 main transitions in concept, content, scope, technology, implementation, regulation and market role as discussed by the authors that make achievable savings far larger and cheaper than previously supposed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the experience and lessons of the past two decades, so that as DSM is restructured, they can build upon the lessons from the past and make some predictions about the role of DSM in the electric utility industry of the future.

TL;DR: In this paper, the UK economy wide, lifecycle implications of eight forms of electricity generations for the emission of three air pollutants, CO2, SO2 and NOx, were examined.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the use of Monte Carlo simulation techniques as an approach to electric utility integrated resource planning (IRP) that explicitly identifies key risks imposed on decision makers and/or shareholders.

TL;DR: This article explored the relationship between global population growth and CO 2 emissions by employing the test of causality developed by Granger on annual data for 1880-1989, as well as more comprehensive error correction and cointegration models.

TL;DR: In this article, the potential for greenhouse gas mitigation in the transport sector to contribute to meeting the objective of the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) was explored, and the technical potential for vehicle energy intensity reductions was found to be about 25-50%, but the economic potential is much smaller.

TL;DR: Using epidemiological meta studies for the health impacts of small particulate matter — PM10 — it is possible to predict the number of premature deaths and some morbidity impacts in the UK from prevailing ambient concentrations, and the analysis suggests that as many as 12 000 deaths might be attributed to total concentrations.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used transferable dose-response co-efficients to predict changes in premature mortality and morbidity in the countries of the original meta-study and applied economic valuations in order to see if health damage from air pollution should be treated as a priority concern.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that basic assumptions about economic efficiency, the (sub-)optimality of the baseline and the rate of technical change are more important than model structure, and underline the importance of the timing of decisions for determining the costs.

TL;DR: In this paper, a simple model treating air emissions as cumulative pollutants is used to derive measures of green net national product, which implies that pollution emissions are properly valued at their marginal social costs in the measurement of green NNP.

TL;DR: In this article, a bottom-up energy system optimization model is used to support policy planning for the sustainable use of energy in Finland, including the description of biomass use for energy, power and heat generation, emissions and the end use of the energy.

TL;DR: In this article, the economic competitiveness of photovoltaics is examined and it is shown that without significant technological breakthroughs, the economics of PV applications are unlikely to allow for an unsubsidized, widespread adoption of this technology in the near future.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an energy scenario in which carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere stabilize during the next half century, as called for in the Rio Climate Treaty, as well as the gradual emergence of hydrogen as the world's main energy carrier, supplanting oil and natural gas.

TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical conceptualization of the electricity industry is developed, based on which three pure and six mixed coordination systems are identified, and the main distinguishing factor is the choice of one of three different allocation systems (the price mechanism, voluntary agreement and governmental hierarchical authority) as a dominant or additional system.

TL;DR: Demand-side management (DSM) in the USA has transformed from a start up activity to a full-blown industry over the last decade and DSM expenditures are now measured in billions of dollars, energy savings in billion kilowatt hours and peak load reductions in thousands of megawatts as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, an approach to determine the relative accountability that each region and individual nation should bear in reducing atmospheric greenhouse gas is described. And the methodology is illustrated by defining 11 different equity indicators and then formulating and solving a multigoal programming model to determine a compromise accountability profile for 11 multinational regions.