Energy Sources Part A-recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects 

About: Energy Sources Part A-recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects is an academic journal published by Taylor & Francis. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Biodiesel & Coal. It has an ISSN identifier of 1556-7036. Over the lifetime, 6390 publications have been published receiving 59643 citations. The journal is also known as: Recovery, utilization, and environmental effects.

Production of Biodiesel from Algae Oils

Abstract: A macroalga (Cladophora fracta) and a microalga (Chlorella protothecoides) samples were used in this work. Most current research on oil extraction is focused on microalgae to produce biodiesel from algal oil. The biodiesel from algal oil in itself is not significantly different from biodiesel produced from vegetable oils. Algal oils, as well as vegetable oils, are all highly viscous, with viscosities ranging 10–20 times those of no. 2 diesel fuel. Transesterification of the oil to its corresponding fatty ester is the most promising solution to the high viscosity problem. Fatty acid (m)ethyl esters produced from natural oils and fats is called biodiesel. Generally, methanol has been mostly used to produce biodiesel as it is the least expensive alcohol. The oil proportion from the lipid fractions of Chlorella protothecoides is considerable higher than that of Cladophora fracta. The higher heating value of Chlorella protothecoides (25.1 MJ/kg) also is higher than that of Cladophora fracta (21.1 MJ/k...

Bioplastics and Petroleum-based Plastics: Strengths and Weaknesses

Abstract: The application of biomass, such as starch, cellulose, wood, and sugar, used to substitute fossil resources for the production of plastics, is a widely accepted strategy towards sustainable development. In fact, this way a significant reduction of non renewable energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission is accomplished. In recent years, several typologies of bioplastics were introduced and the most important are those based on cellulosic esters, starch derivatives, polyhydroxybutyrate, polylactic acid, and polycaprolactone. Nowadays, the most important tool to evaluate the environmental impact of a (bio)plastic is the life cycle assessment that determines the overall impact of a plastic on the environment by defining and analyzing several impact categories index like the global warming; the human toxicity; the abiotic depletion; the eutrophication; the acidification; and many others directly related to the production, utilization, and disposal of the considered plastics. The aim of this work ...

Biogas as a Renewable Energy Source—A Review

Abstract: This article reviews the production processes and characterization of biogas as an alternative energy source. Biogas, the gas generated from organic digestion under anaerobic conditions by mixed population of microorganisms, is an alternative energy source, which has been commenced to be utilized both in rural and industrial areas at least since 1958. Biogas technology offers a very attractive route to utilize certain categories of biomass for meeting partial energy needs. Unlike other forms of renewable energy, biogas neither has any geographical limitations and required technology for producing energy and it is neither complex or monopolistic.

Carbon capture and utilization technologies: a literature review and recent advances

Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive list of Carbon Capture and Utilization technologies and applications, ranging from lab-scale R&D activities reported in academic papers to commercially establish...

Mechanisms of Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes. Part 1: Reactions of Pyrolysis

Abstract: The present work is a study on the pyrolysis mechanisms of biomass structural constituents. Biomass resources include wood and wood wastes, agricultural crops and their waste byproducts, municipal solid waste, animal wastes, waste from food processing, and aquatic plants and algae. The major organic components of biomass can be classified as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. The pyrolysis is thermal degradation of biomass by heat in the absence of oxygen, which results in the production of charcoal (solid), bio-oil (liquid), and fuel gas products. Thermal degradation of cellulose proceeds through two types of reaction: a gradual degradation, decomposition, and charring on heating at lower temperatures; and a rapid volatilization accompanied by the formation of levoglucosan on pyrolysis at higher temperatures. The hemicelluloses reacted more readily than cellulose during heating. Of the hemicelluloses, xylan is the least thermally stable, because pentosans are most susceptible to hydrolysis a...