Showing papers in "Energy in 1982"

TL;DR: In this article, consumers use simplified measurements as a basis for residential energy decisions, which leads to higher energy use than would be economically optimal for either the individual or the nation, since consumers choose ineffective energy conservation actions, and underestimate the benefits of previous actions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the problem of estimating the elasticity of a production function in terms of the number of energy-dependent inputs and outputs of an industrial system, and show that the integral of the equation of growth with the calculated, factor-dependent elasticities of production yields the production function q = e × exp }}a 0.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new method of presenting the potential for conservation is discussed, where supply curves of conserved energy provide a consistent accounting framework for assessing diverse conservation measures and permit simple comparison of conservation measures among themselves and with conventional energy supplies.

TL;DR: In this article, the transient behaviour of solar ponds has been investigated using a finite difference formulation and the effect of various parameters such as thickness of the layer with density gradient has a profound effect on the performance of a solar pond and an increase of the thickness from 1 to 2m increases substantially the operating temperature for the same overall efficiency.

TL;DR: In this paper, a model incorporating climate, occupancy patterns, HVAC design, and building type explains 42% of the variance in a sample of Texas school and university buildings.

TL;DR: In this article, a Second Law or exergy analysis of Illinois No. 6 coal is presented and a theoretical analysis is carried out and the quality of coal is calculated, which is applicable to other coals or non-homogeneous fuels.

TL;DR: In this paper, the Claus process was considered as a successor to the solar process, and it was shown that this and other processes should be explored as means of using as well as storing solar energy.

TL;DR: An analysis of thermodynamic systems using the porcess graph model is presented in this paper, which provides a concise model of the interconnections and interaction interfaces of a thermodynamic system with respect to all types of flows.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used data on residential construction practices in 1975-1976, together with climatic data, construction costs and fuel costs, to calculate discount rates implicit in homeowner's decisions to invest in energy-saving measures in new homes.

TL;DR: In this paper, an energy conversion approach that does not require the use of membranes but uses the differences in vapor pressure between solutions is examined, and the resource potential, source solutions, system components, and operating characteristics are evaluated and compared to research and development on open-cycle OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion).

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report on ongoing efforts to disaggregate data on residential space comfort and appliance energy use for major member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of one of the oldest residential conservation programs in the United States (i.e., the Davis, California Energy Conservation Building Code) reveals a 15% reduction in electricity consumption in the first 41 months of implementation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered the ensemble of possible adverse effects of increased CO 2 and suggested a concentration limit in the range of 1.5-2.5 times the present concentration.

TL;DR: In this paper, a number of recent changes in the methods of demand estimation are discussed and an examination of the recent energy demand estimates for Ontario is presented, showing that significant changes in both the process and the substance of energy demand estimation have been occurring.

TL;DR: In this article, total electricity use and cooling loads for a three month cooling season (July-September 1980) in single-family detached houses in Davis, California, were estimated and compared with measured data, and they concluded that precise forecasting of individual house electricity use is unlikely, even when there are no changes in occupancy, unless impracticably expensive monitoring techniques are employed.

TL;DR: In this article, a prehydrolysis step was carried out in a batch reactor at a temperature of 100 °C and a reaction time of 80 min, where xylose-rich and glucose-rich streams were obtained from corn stover.

TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of alternate cogeneration plants with an existing steam-only plant in terms of energy conservation and engineering economics is made. And the concept of marginal cost of production is applied throughout.

TL;DR: In this paper, an imperfect, non-Carnot-like engine operating in steady state and receiving heat through conductance k1 from a source at T1 and discharging heat only through a conductance K2 to a sink at T4 has an efficiency at maximum net power output of η m = ( ϵ g9 ){1 − √(1 − ϱ( 1 − T 4 T 1 )}, where ϵ is a non-carnot efficiency and ϱ = (ϵk 1 + k 2 ) (k 1+ k

TL;DR: In this article, an assessment of the wave power potential along the Indian coastline has been made for different seasons, and the locations off Bombay on the west coast and off Visakhapatnam on the east coast have the greatest potentials.

TL;DR: Fermentation of Carica Papaya L. using brewer's yeast (Sacchromyces Carlsbengensis) and subsequent analysis of pawpaw distillate by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) produced a total alcohol content of 4%, of which 91.8% was ethanol, 4.8%, methanol, 2.2%, and the remaining 1.2% unknown components which were not alcohols as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: This paper reviewed and evaluated the U.S. programs on oil recovery from heavy oil sources and tar sands and provided an independent assessment of research areas that affect the prospects for oil recovery.

TL;DR: In this article, a simple model is presented to investigate issues related to the coordination of tariff policies between two regions: US and other OECD nations. And the optimal tariff of each region for three cases: (a) unilateral case, (b) non-cooperative case, and (c) cooperative case.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the potential energy savings introduced by alcohol production from renewable instead of non-renewable feedstock and found that no overall energy savings were found if the alcohol is used as a motor fuel.

TL;DR: In this paper, the economic benefits from research and development of nine renewable energy technologies currently under consideration in the United Kingdom are assessed, and the authors suggest that despite the technical and economic uncertainties surrounding their use, the development of several of the renewable energies represents a worthwhile national investment.

TL;DR: In this article, a diffusion of innovations framework is presented and discussed as an approach capable of explaining and increasing the market share of solar energy innovations, and the focus of concern must move from the general to the specific, from macro-to the micro-environment, from the national level to the regional and state levels.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors described a methodology to assess the total energy inputs for the irrigation of different crops such as wheat, paddy, berseem, sorghum fodder, and sugarcane.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors surveyed several operating and projected commercial scale ethanol plants to determine their cost structures and used these cost structures to create an econometric model for calculating economies of scale based on the lowest cost per gallon of fuel-grade ethanol.

TL;DR: In this article, an energy system compatible with an alternative American future is outlined, based on efficient use of energy and renewable energy sources, and a plan for the smooth transition from the present to the alternative energy system is put forward and its economic implications are compared with the results of a less planned development.

TL;DR: In this article, a simple model for monitoring natural gas consumption in large aggregates of houses is developed by extending single-house analyses, which is applied to actual data for natural gas sales in New Jersey, the model yields parameters which are generally useful indicators but lack the required accuracy for definitive assessments of year-to-year consumption changes.

TL;DR: In this article, a set of rules for the construction of economic bond graphs and for the step-by-step derivation of the state variable equations is presented, along with a large number of examples.