Showing papers in "Energy in 1988"

TL;DR: In this paper, the concept of exergy is defined and applied to industrial processes and the exergy flows and losses for a pulp and paper mill and a steel plant and rolling mill are determined.

TL;DR: In this paper, an extensive analysis of a heat extraction (or injection) borehole is presented, where the effects of stratification of the ground, climatic variations, geothermal gradient, and groundwater filtration are dealt with.

TL;DR: In this paper, the general theory of exergy balance is established and applied to solar collectors, and large and small exergy losses are identified for optimum design for optimum solar collectors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the power output of a simple, finite-time Carnot heat engine was studied and the model adopted is a reversible Carnot cycle coupled to a heat source and a heat sink by heat transfer.

TL;DR: In this article, the performance of an open-cycle, adiabatic, solid, desiccant cooling system operating in the ventilation mode is modeled numerically and the results yield conditions for which the system has an optimum thermal coefficient of performance (COP).

TL;DR: In this article, the electrolytic decomposition potential of ZnO has been studied in a solar furnace in the temperature range 1200-1675 K. The electrolyte consisted of various mixtures of CaF 2 and Na 3 AlF 6.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the variation in residential water use in seven houses, using electronic recorders and open-ended interviewing. And they found that the variation was attributed primarily to behavioral differences among the occupants.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted survey research in the Nordic countries on household energy behavior and decision-making and concluded that there is a 10-20% conservation potential in Nordic countries from behavioral modifications alone.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the design procedure for a prototype heat exchanger and provide a description of a shell and finned-tube heat exchange in a zeolite bed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the energy savings and costs of conservation measures in U.S. multifamily buildings based on an analysis of measured data from a data base of over 25,000 dwelling units.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a methodology for determining a simplified overall thermal transfer value (OTTV) equation for air-conditioned buildings in Singapore by modeling a generic commercial building and using results from DOE-2 computer simulations as a database of heat gains.

TL;DR: In this article, a statistical technique to characterize long-term photovoltaic (PV) data for use in PV systems is presented, which is fitted to three distributions (Weibull, β and log normal). Four goodness-of-fit criteria are employed in checking the best fit.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured ion and electron hole conductivities and O 2 semipermeabilities and their activation energies of commercial slip-cast Y 2 O 3 doped ZrO 2 under conditions simulating their practical application.

TL;DR: In this paper, a photoelectrochemical cell was developed using phenazine dye and EDTA aqueous solution and different redox couples separated by a Pyrex sintered glass membrane (porosity G-4).

TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of a PAFC coupled with biogas is examined, and it is shown that the PAFC stack price should be the same as that of a conventional PAFC.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the temperature-time profile derived from a one-dimensional energy-balance model, in conjunction with the kinetic estimates of Shaub and Tsang, to estimate the production of dioxins from chlorinated precursors in the gas phase and on fly ash.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used two solar receiver reactors, one fixed and the other fluidized, to study pyrolysis of oil shale and the recovery of the volatile product.

TL;DR: In this article, the space between the absorbing plate and glass cover is packed with iron filings to create air turbulence and an extended heat transfer area, but this procedure will increase the pressure drop of air across the heater and thereby leads to higher power consumption.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors estimated the energy savings arising from transport and traffic management schemes in Singapore are estimated, respectively, the additional registration fee (ARF) on passenger cars and the Area Traffic Control (ATC) in the central business zone.

TL;DR: In this article, the theory of single-effect wick-type solar distillers has been extended to double-effect devices by using appropriate energy balances, and the performance of double effect solar distillation was evaluated under various conditions by solving the theoretical energy-balance equations.

TL;DR: In this paper, total economic cost is used as a surrogate to estimate the total input-energy cost of constructing, operating, financing, and disposal of nuclear-power systems, and it is assumed that fast-neutron reactors may be substituted for light-water reactors when economic conditions dictate.

TL;DR: In Brazil, the electricity intensity of the Brazilian economy increased 82% between 1970 and 1985, an average growth race of 10.7%/yr (1) as discussed by the authors, which was caused by economic expansion, relatively low level of absolute electricity consumption (1220 kWh/capita/yr as of 1985), the development of plentiful hydroelectric resources throughout the nation, and efforts to substitute electricity for oil products.

TL;DR: In this paper, an idealized industrial refrigeration plant with cogeneration capacity was analyzed using the linear programming model ELMO and the optimum operating strategies for the chilling sets and the steam turbine were determined for a simple time-of-use electricity tariff and for various refrigeration loads.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the implications of waste incineration on energy production at currently achieved conversion efficiencies to electricity and for realistic estimates of incinerable fractions of municipal, hazardous, and biomedical wastes.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed an alternative model of conservation choice that does not assume minimized life-cycle costs, and that accounts for non-financial factors influencing choice, such as perceived comfort effects, social norm influences, perceived costs and savings, and time required for installation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the results showed that the most spectrally selective surface was deep-blue in colour and it had values of αs = 0.85 ± 0.01 and ϵh =0.18 ±0.01.

TL;DR: In this paper, complete and partial functional decomposition are derived as special cases of TFA, and an example demonstrates the applicability of the methods to the problem of thermal system optimization.

TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of the relation between weather variables and peak loads in the Delhi system is presented, and a methodology for forecasting peak loads using this model is outlined, which is used to forecast peak loads.

TL;DR: In this article, a new receiver-reactor for high temperature solar furnaces is proposed, where the main body of the receiver component is an ellipsoid of revolution with specularly reflecting inner walls.

TL;DR: Energy-efficiency standards have been proposed for new, electrically-heated houses constructed in the Pacific Northwest (U.S.A.). Before implementation, several hundred houses were built to the new standards in order to determine their costeffectiveness as discussed by the authors.