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Showing papers in "Energy in 1997"


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jul 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this article, the efficiencies of ORCs using cryogens such as benzene, ammonia, R11, R12, R134a and R113 as working fluids have been analyzed parametrically and compared.

900 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this paper, a methodology has been developed for assessing the sensitivity of electricity and natural gas consumption to climate at regional scales, which involves a multiple-regression analysis of historical energy and climate data, and has been applied to eight of the most energy intensive states, representing 42% of the total annual energy consumption in the United States.

306 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1997-Energy
TL;DR: Results indicate that intracellular ethanol production is simpler and less energy intensive than the conventional ethanol-fermentation process.

261 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of CO2 concentration, reduction of recycled NOx, and interaction between fuel-N and recycled NOX on the decrease of the final NOx exhausted from the coal-combustion system with recycled CO2 have been separated for appropriate NOx-reduction mechanisms.

208 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this article, the applicability of exergy in the methodology of environmental life-cycle assessment (LCA) is discussed, where exergy consumption is used as a measure of resource depletion and competition when performing the impact assessment of an LCA.

183 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of combining the production of hydrogen from natural gas with CO2 removal was investigated and the incremental cost of the produced hydrogen (for CO2 compression plus transport, injection and storage) would typically be about 7% relative to the case where the separated CO2 is vented.

178 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1997-Energy
TL;DR: Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were developed using data for 5 yr and evaluated on forecasting new data for the sixth year as mentioned in this paper, and the optimum model derived is a multiplicative combination of seasonal and non-seasonal autoregressive parts, each being of the first order, following first differencing at both the seasonal and nonseasonal levels.

177 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1997-Energy
TL;DR: The most common sea water desalination systems available today are described in this paper, which are divided into two broad categories, namely, direct and indirect collection systems, where in the former, solar energy is absorbed and used in the same piece of equipment whereas in the latter, two separate sub-systems are used, one for solar energy conversion and one for desalinization.

142 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
G. Bisio1
01 May 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this paper, it was proved that the second alternative is preferred for blast-furnace slag when heated air is used for combustion in the hot blast stoves of the blast furnace.

130 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this paper, numerical simulations and combustion tests were performed to improve the combustibility of the O2/CO2-pulverized coal burner, and an oxygen-injection nozzle was added to the burner.

124 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this article, an energy-system optimisation model called MODEST has been applied to a typical local Swedish electricity and district-heating utility and to the national power system and has been used to decide which investments to make, the dimensioning of new installations, and the operation of all system components.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this article, the solubility and density of CO2 hydrate at 30 MPa were measured using a high-pressure facility suitable for simulating pressure and temperature conditions 3000 m beneath the ocean surface.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this paper, a computer analysis has been developed for studying the energy and exergy performance of an indirect-injection, naturally-aspirated diesel engine operating under transient load or speed conditions and covering the operating profile of both industrial and automotive engines.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the technical and economic performance of an air-to-earth heat exchanger coupled to the system for heating or cooling of a building that uses 100% fresh air as a heating medium during winter and summer.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of water film cooling of the glass cover on the efficiency of a single-basin still has been investigated numerically and the results showed that the presence of the cooling film neutralizes the effects of wind speed on still efficiency.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of a silica-gel-water advanced adsorption chiller with consideration of the thermal capacitance ratio of the adsorbent and metal of the ad-desorber heat exchanger was analyzed.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this article, the exergy concept has been used to analyze two methane-fueled SOFC systems, which include preheating of fuel and air, reforming of methane to hydrogen, and combustion of the remaining fuel in an afterburner.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this article, an ethanol selectivity of 16.0% and a CO2 conversion of 26.7% were obtained at 5 MPa and 533 K in a flow of H2-CO2 premixed gas (H 2 CO 2 = 3 ) with a flow rate of 100 cm3/min over 5 wt% RhFe(1 : 2) SiO 2 catalysts.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 1997-Energy
TL;DR: Abductive network machine learning is proposed as an alternative to the conventional multiple regression analysis method for modelling and forecasting monthly electric energy consumption as mentioned in this paper, which requires fewer input parameters, are more accurate and are easier and faster to develop.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1997-Energy
TL;DR: Sub-seabed disposal is the safest disposal option for CO 2. Water pressure and dilution into oceanic water prevent direct emission of CO 2 into the air as mentioned in this paper. But it is difficult to find suitable disposal locations in the ocean.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1997-Energy
TL;DR: The IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme is an international collaboration supported by 16 countries and several industrial organisations as mentioned in this paper, whose purpose is to evaluate technologies for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of cooling using two solid-gas reactors has been tested experimentally with a low-power machine and the ambient temperature was 313 K. The power output of the reactors was determined as a function of cooling temperature for air conditioning and refrigeration.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In order to counter worsening air pollution in Turkey caused by increasing energy demands, an experimental study has been undertaken at the TUBITAK-Marmara Research Centre to determine possibilities of using energy-friendly plant sweet sorghum as an alternative fuel.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jul 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this article, the Stirling heat engine operating in a closed regenerative thermodynamic cycle is analyzed and the maximum power density and efficiency are found and the compression ratio at maximum power densities is determined.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this article, a data base of clathrate-hydrate-covered CO2 droplet surface concentration is presented, which is essential for an analysis of liquid CO2 dissolution behavior.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative study on thermally stratified tanks for hot storage is presented, where a two-dimensional model is employed for the pure conduction case and a numerical solution is obtained using the control-volume technique due to Patankar.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined load-frequency control of isolated WDMHPS provided with conventional proportional-plus-integral controllers with an integral-square-error (ISE) criterion.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1997-Energy
TL;DR: The dynamic energy optimization model deeco as mentioned in this paper is a tool for analyzing competition and synergy between different technologies of rational use of energy and for utilizing renewable energies for a given time series of the fluctuating heat and electricity demand, calculates the optimal combination of energy-conversion technologies while taking into account local parameters like ambient temperature and insolation.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this paper, an endoreversible cogeneration cycle using finite-time thermodynamics was investigated and the optimum values of the design parameters of the cogenerations cycle at maximum exergy output were determined.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 1997-Energy
TL;DR: In this article, the capacity factor of a wind turbine is estimated for shape factors between 1.5 and 3 and for sites with average wind speeds ranging from 4 to 8 m/s.