Showing papers in "Energy in 2003"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reformulate the idea of the "growth engine" in terms of the service provided by energy inputs, defined as the product of energy (exergy) inputs multiplied by a conversion efficiency.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the relationship between energy efficiency improvement measures and productivity in industry and propose a method to include productivity benefits in the economic assessment of the potential for energy efficiency improvements.

TL;DR: There are a number of options of exporting natural gas energy from oil and gas fields to market, including pipelines, liquefied natural gas (LNG), compressed natural gas(CNG), gas to solids (GtS), i.e. hydrates, gas to wire (GTW), with a wide range of possible products including clean fuels, plastic precursors or methanol and gas to commodity (GtoC), such as aluminium, glass, cement or iron as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used air conditioning market saturation data for 39 US cities to develop a generalized functional relationship between market saturation and cooling degree days and found that the slope of this saturation curve is particularly high for cities that currently have low to moderate saturation.

TL;DR: In this paper, a mini-hybrid solar power plant integrating a field of solar concentrators, two superposed organic Rankine cycles (ORC) and a (bio-)Diesel engine is introduced.

TL;DR: In this paper, an energy and exergy analysis of the drying process of shelled and unshelled pistachios using a solar drying cabinet was carried out using the first law of thermodynamics.

TL;DR: In this article, a simultaneous optimization of the design and operation of a district heating, cooling and power generation plant supplying a small stock of residential buildings has been undertaken with regards to cost and CO?2 emissions.

TL;DR: The causes of thermodynamic irreversibility in chemical reactions and other industrial chemical processes (in particular absorption, stripping, and heat transfer) and ways of reducing energy consumption have been examined as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, a direct liquefaction of Cunninghamia lanceolata in water was carried out in an autoclave in the reaction temperature and time ranges of 280-360° C and 10-30 min, respectively, and three feedstock ratios of biomass/water were tested.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors provided descriptive information on domestic energy usage patterns and investigated the effect of housing type, household characteristics and appliance ownership on electricity energy consumption level in Hong Kong.

TL;DR: In this paper, an exergoeconomic model was used to visualize the cost formation process and the productive interaction between components of a 500MW combined cycle plant, where mass and energy conservation laws were applied to each component of the system, and quantitative balances of the exergy and exergetic cost for each component were carefully considered.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the heating degree-day method to determine the natural gas consumption by residential heating in Turkey and found that the potential consumption in Turkey in 2023 could be as high as 14.92 Gm 3 if 100% of residences use natural gas for space heating.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the costs for collecting, handling, and hauling corn stover to an ethanol conversion facility and estimate costs for a conventional baling system at varying levels of feedstock demand or conversion facility size.

TL;DR: In this paper, a mathematical model has been developed to predict the crop temperature, rate of moisture removal, and solair temperature for a steady state condition for a variety of crops including green chillies, green pea, white gram (kabuli chana), onions, potatoes, and cauliflower.

TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of an inverter-driven multi-air conditioner having two indoor units with electronic expansion valves (EEV) was measured by varying indoor loads, EEV opening, and compressor speed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors monitored energy use and environmental parameters in two small non-residential buildings during the summer of 2000 and found that the original solar reflectivities of the roofs were about 26%; after the application of roof coatings the reflectivities increased to about 72%.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors report and analyze power consumption for nine representative semiconductor fabs in Taiwan and show that the average power consumption per unit product (wafer) area is 1.432 kWh/cm 2, which is consistent with the data reported by the US Department of Commerce and Dataquest.

TL;DR: In this article, the potential CO2 reduction and cost of carbon dioxide reduction in Swedish pulp and paper mills were investigated using two criteria, namely potential and cost, and the results indicated an accumulated reduction potential of up to 8 MtCO2/y (14% of the Swedish net emissions).

TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic approach to the evaluation of energy conversion processes and systems, based on an extended representation of their exergy flow diagram, is presented and discussed in this article.

TL;DR: In this paper, the main barriers identified in the field characterization study and the measures to overcome those barriers are presented, as well as the potential electricity savings by the year 2015 with the application of Energy-Efficient Motors and Variable Speed Drives.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the steam-gasification of coal (peat, lignite, bituminous, and anthracite) into syngas using concentrated solar energy as the source of high-temperature process heat.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on short-term application of biomass integrated gasification/combined cycle (BIG/CC) technology with co-firing of natural gas and biomass derived gas.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors estimated energy, environmental, and consumer impacts of US federal residential energy efficiency standards taking effect in the 1988-2007 period, and estimated that the considered standards will reduce residential primary energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions by 8-9% in 2020 compared to the levels expected without any standards.

TL;DR: This paper examines some of the reasons why power requirements at data centers are overstated and adds actual measurements and the analysis of real-world data to the public policy debate over how much energy these facilities use.

TL;DR: In this article, the greenhouse gas mitigation potentials of selected biomass energy technologies (BETs) have been assessed in Vietnam using the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) model, and different scenarios were considered, namely the base case with no mitigation options, replacement of kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) by biogas stove, substitution of gasoline by ethanol in transport sector, replacing coal by wood as fuel in industrial boilers, electricity generation with biomass energy technologies and an integrated scenario including all the options together.

TL;DR: In this paper, a two-phase underground coal gasification (UCG) technique was proposed and the detection of the moving speed and the length of the gasification working face was made using radon probing technology.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the co-firing of gas derived from biomass and natural gas in combined cycles and show that if the natural gas content is higher than 35-50% (energy basis) no de-rating will be necessary.

TL;DR: In this paper, natural exergy losses connected with the absorption of solar radiation by the Earth have been calculated and the positive impact of these losses has been pointed out: they were a main cause of the formation of the terrestrial natural environment, of non-renewable natural resources of fuels, and of the generation of stable dissipative structures in form of living beings.

TL;DR: The Extended Exergy Accounting (EEA) method as discussed by the authors uses a quantifier called "extended exergy" to quantify the total exergy consumption required to generate one man-hour of work or one monetary unit of currency circulation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared a commercially available R410A heat pump and a prototype R744 (carbon dioxide) system in heating mode, which utilizes aluminum microchannel heat exchangers and a semi-hermetic compressor.