Showing papers in "Energy in 2006"

TL;DR: In this article, a systematic and general methodology for defining and calculating exergetic efficiencies and exergy related costs in thermal systems is proposed, based on the Specific Exergy Costing (SPECO) approach, in which fuel and product of a component are defined by taking a systematic record of all exergy additions to and removals from all the exergy streams of the system, and the costs are calculated by applying basic principles from business administration.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of state-of-the-art naphtha cracking technologies and show that up to 20% savings on the current average process energy use are possible.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared three types of pre-treatment for wood torrefaction: air-blown gasification of wood, air-blowing of torrefied wood, and oxygen-blending of wood at atmospheric pressure.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that a more effective CO 2 policy is to concentrate on shifting to non-fossil fuels, like renewables, subsidized through a carbon tax.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the importance of income growth in a cross-country analysis of sustainable household consumption from a global perspective, using per capita energy requirements as an indicator of environmental pressure.

TL;DR: In this paper, a database of 280 water splitting thermochemical cycles was used to identify potentially attractive water splitting cycles for hydrogen production and evaluated them in the temperature range of 900-2000°C.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the existence and importance of different barriers to the implementation of energy efficiency measures in the Swedish non-energy intensive manufacturing industry and highlight a number of factors that inhibit the degree of implementation.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify the primary exergy reservoirs that supply exergy to the biosphere and quantifies the intensive and extensive exergy of their derivative secondary reservoirs, or resources.

TL;DR: The role of electricity derivatives in mitigating market risks and structuring hedging strategies for generators, load serving entities, and power marketers in various risk management applications is discussed in this paper.

TL;DR: The hydrogen economy is defined as the industrial system in which one of the universal energy carriers is hydrogen (the other is electricity) and hydrogen is oxidized to water that may be reused by applying an external energy source for dissociation of water into its component elements hydrogen and oxygen as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors performed a systematic analysis of the separation performances and associated energy cost of a single-stage membrane module and identified the operational limits in terms of permeate composition and CO 2 recovery ratio via a systematic parametric study.

TL;DR: In this paper, several process configurations for fuel ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass were studied through process simulation using Aspen Plus, considering the possibilities of reaction-reaction integration were taken into account among the studied process routes.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a Life Cycle Energy Analysis of bioethanol (from sugar beet or wheat) and bioETBE systems in France, and the energy used throughout was calculated.

TL;DR: In this article, the simulation and exergy analysis of a hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine (SOFC-GT) power system is discussed, and the authors show that an electrical efficiency close to 60% can be achieved using appropriate values of the most important design variables; in particular, the operating pressure and cell current density.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the historical development and present status and perspectives for the AD700 technology and discuss the role of the Danish power stations in the development of a future coal-fired power plant with 700 °C steam temperature.

TL;DR: In this article, the first tests of the two-stage gasifier were conducted and the results showed that the gasifier was operated automatically unattended day and night, and only small adjustments of the feeding rate were necessary once or twice per day.

TL;DR: In this paper, two statistical models have been developed, one providing daily and the other monthly demand predictions, to estimate medium term demand up to 12 months ahead, utilizing primitive (relative humidity) and derived (heating and cooling degree-days) meteorological parameters.

TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of the commonly deployed commercial desalination technologies worldwide is assessed by applying life cycle analysis (LCA), a powerful, and internationally accepted tool used to examine environmental cradle-to-grave consequences of making and using products and services.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an extensive literature review and case studies in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe, which describes common features of non-OECD electricity reform and reappraises reform policies and underlying assumptions.

TL;DR: Huang et al. as discussed by the authors presented a survey on decision analysis in energy and environmental modeling and found that the importance of multiple criteria decision-making methods and energy-related environmental studies has increased substantially since 1995.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the energy use patterns in greenhouse vegetable production, to determine the energy output-input ratio and their relationships, and found that the operational energy and energy source requirements of the greenhouse vegetables production were found between the ranges of 23,883.5-28,034.7 and 45,763.8-MJ/1000 m2, respectively.

TL;DR: In this article, a new method for optimization of a wind-PV integrated hybrid system is presented based on deficiency of power supply probability (DPSP), relative excess power generated (REPG), unutilized energy probability (UEP), life cycle cost (LEC), levelized energy cost (LUC), and life cycle unit cost of power generation with battery bank, the method addresses a specific location and employs an iterative scheme.

TL;DR: A trigonometric grey prediction approach is presented by combining the traditional grey model GM(1,1) with the trig onometric residual modification technique for forecasting electricity demand to improve the forecasting accuracy and allow a reasonable grey prediction interval to be obtained.

TL;DR: In this article, four processes for small-scale liquefied natural gas (LNG) production are evaluated, including a single-stage mixed refrigerant (SMR), a two-stage expander nitrogen refrigerant and two open-loop expander processes.

TL;DR: In this paper, flat plate, finned and v-corrugated air heaters were investigated both experimentally and theoretically in an effort to improve the performance of conventional air-heaters.

TL;DR: In this paper, a survey paper suggests a framework to clarify the interactions among various economic and engineering issues by reviewing recent theoretical and practical progress in transmission investment and transmission planning methodology, which makes economic literature more accessible to the engineering community and engineering literature moreaccessible to the economic community interested in the subject.

TL;DR: In this article, a cross-country analysis of energy consumption and energy efficiency for the dairy industry in four European countries was carried out and changes in energy efficiency were monitored in two different ways.

TL;DR: In this paper, an industrially viable, internally heat integrated (HIDiC) version of a state-of-the-art propylene-propane splitter is presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors dealt with the necessary descent phase of human economies, due to decreasing resource base, where much of the resource use, culture and public policy appropriate for the growth period to be replaced with a new set of ethics and policies affecting each scale of time and space during descent.

TL;DR: In this article, the performance of a compact phase change material (PCM) solar collector based on latent heat storage was investigated, where the solar energy was stored in paraffin wax, which was used as a PCM, and was discharged to cold water flowing in pipes located inside the wax.