Showing papers in "Energy in 2008"

TL;DR: In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of using non-edible vs. waste edible oil (WEO) as feedstock for biodiesel production were discussed and a proposed solution was presented.

TL;DR: The pre-treatment step has a significant influence on the performance of bioenergy chains, especially on logistics as mentioned in this paper, and it can be seen as a significant determinant of the performance and efficiency of bio-energy chains.

TL;DR: In this paper, an overview of the steam methane reforming (SMR) process and methodologies for performances improvement such as hydrogen removal, by selective permeation through a membrane or simultaneous reaction of the targeted molecule with a chemical acceptor, and equilibrium shift by the addition of a CO 2 acceptor to the reactor.

TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental study has been conducted on a 2.0l HSDI automotive diesel engine under low-load and part load conditions in order to distinguish and quantify some effects of EGR on combustion and NOx/PM emissions.

TL;DR: In this article, total site targeting has been successfully applied to integrate renewables into the energy source mix and consequently reduce the carbon footprint of these locally integrated energy sectors, which shows that it can be successfully applied in the processing industry.

TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of the economical and environmental performance of the ethanol production process from sugarcane and corn under Colombian conditions has been carried out, and the integration of these indicators into one index by using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach was determined as the best choice for Colombian ethanol production facilities.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the results of a life cycle assessment (LCA) of the electric generation by means of photovoltaic panels, considering mass and energy flows over the whole production process starting from silica extraction to the final panel assembling, considering the most advanced and consolidate technologies for polycrystalline silicon panel production.

TL;DR: The impact of rapidly growing economies of the highly populated countries, as well as of the concern about global warming, are presented and assessed in this paper, where a brief discussion of the status and prospects of fossil, nuclear and renewable energy use, and of power generation (including hydrogen, fuel cells, micro power systems, and the futuristic concept of generating power in space for terrestrial use, is given.

TL;DR: In this article, an absorption refrigeration machine is used as an application example, in which the sum of physical and chemical exergy is used for each material stream in order to split the exergy destruction into endogenous/exogenous and unavoidable/avoidable parts.

TL;DR: The Innovations for Existing Plants (IEP) Program is currently developing technologies in 5 categories of water management projects to reduce water use while minimizing the impacts of plant operations on water quality as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Many computational fluid dynamics polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cell models have been presented over the last few decades as mentioned in this paper, ranging from one-dimensional, single-component to complete threedimensional, large-scale setups, with an emphasis on heat and mass transfer.

TL;DR: In this paper, an AutoRegressive Moving Average (ARMA) model is fitted on the data off-line using the Akaike Corrected Information Criterion (AICC) to fit the data in a successful manner.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of roughness and operating parameters on heat transfer and friction factor in a roughened duct provided with dimple-shape roughness geometry has been investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, a new CO 2 mineral sequestration process using the pH swing of a weak base-strong acid solution was proposed, in which an alkaline-earth metal was extracted selectively from silicate waste material, such as steelmaking slag or waste concrete, in an acidic condition using a weak-base-strong acyclic acid solution.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of cooled EGR gas temperature level for various EGR percentages on performance and emissions of a turbocharged DI heavy duty diesel engine operating at full load was examined, using a multi-zone combustion model.

TL;DR: In this paper, a carbon dioxide removal in an existing integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant is evaluated, based on an oxygen blown entrained flow gasifier operating at 27 bar, the removal of acid gas (H2S) with MDEA unit, the efficiency of this IGCC is 43% based on the low heating value (LHV) of coal.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the energy use, CO2 emissions and production costs of methanol and Oxidative coupling routes with those of steam cracking routes and found that methane-based routes use more than twice as much process energy than state-of-the-art steam-cracking routes.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used six econometric techniques to estimate electricity demand functions for Sri Lanka using six different specifications and showed that the preferred specifications differ somewhat and there is a wide range in the long-run price and income elasticities with the estimated long run income elasticity ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 and the long run price elasticity from 0 to 0.06.

TL;DR: In this article, an attempt is made to produce potable water from industrial effluents using an ordinary basin type solar still integrated with fins at the basin plate for experimentation and the economic analysis proved that the approximate payback period of such kinds of still is 1 year.

TL;DR: In this paper, the suitability of applying a carbonation route based on acetic acid leaching to produce carbonates from blast furnace slag was presented in a simple thermodynamic model.

TL;DR: In this paper, a single-cylinder diesel engine has been converted into a dual-fuel engine to operate with natural gas together with a pilot injection of diesel fuel used to ignite the CNG-air charge.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors deal with the decomposition analysis of energy-related CO2 emissions in Greece from 1990 to 2002 using the arithmetic mean divisia index (AMDI) and the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) techniques.

TL;DR: In this article, a novel approach based upon an original indicator called trigeneration CO 2 emission reduction (TCO 2 ER ) was proposed to assess the emission reduction of CO 2 and other GHGs from CHP and CCHP systems with respect to the separate production.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a techno-economic assessment for off-grid hybrid generation systems of a site in south western Algeria, where the HOMER model was used to evaluate the energy production, life-cycle costs and greenhouse gas emissions reduction.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on recovery of CO 2 from gas turbine exhaust of Sarkhun gas refinery power station, and the results showed that DGA is the best solvent with minimum energy requirement for recovery of carbon dioxide from flue gases at atmospheric pressure.

TL;DR: In this article, a comparative study on the performance of three control strategies for DFIG wind turbines is presented, focusing on the regulation of the active and reactive power to a set point ordered by the wind farm control system.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a two-stage turbocharging system for improving the brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) and specific power with a downsizing approach, while retaining a good dynamic response using possibly two stages turbocharging.

TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of solar chimney power plants as an environmentally acceptable energy source for small settlements and islands of countries in the Mediterranean region was analyzed and the levelized electricity cost was also calculated.

TL;DR: In this paper, a set of specific examples to show the effectiveness of the trigeneration CO2 emission reduction (TCO2ER) indicator proposed in the companion paper (Part I: Models and indicators) is provided.

TL;DR: In this article, a second-order Stirling model, which includes thermal losses, was developed and used to optimize the performance and design parameters of the engine, and the results showed that the optimal design parameters are introduced in the model, the engine efficiency increases from 39% to 51%, the engine power is enhanced by approximately 20%, whereas the engine average pressure increases slightly.