Showing papers in "Entrepreneurship Research Journal in 2019"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on financial firm performance and found that for firms competing in a highly dynamic environment, the positive effect of an entrepreneurial orientation is enhanced.
Abstract: The relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance has been the focus of numerous empirical studies over the past decade. The conclusions and findings reported are diverse and often conflicting. One possible explanation for mixed findings is that past studies do not take into account the dynamic nature of the industry environment. Using a sample of 192 Swiss firms from several different industries, this study examines the direct effect of entrepreneurial orientation on financial firm performance along with the moderating effect of a dynamic environment on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance. Results of this study suggest that for firms competing in a highly dynamic environment, the positive effect of an entrepreneurial orientation on financial performance is enhanced.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a conceptual framework for investigation of the factors influencing the failure of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as well as the level of their recovery is presented.
Abstract: This paper presents a conceptual framework for investigation of the factors influencing the failure of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as well as the level of their recovery. Based on the review of literature, all the factors are classified either as individual characteristics of entrepreneurs or non-individual characteristics, that is, characteristics related to SMEs. Having in mind various factors identified by different researchers in their studies, the authors of this paper formed a basic hypothetical framework as well as a qualitative framework for evaluation of the most significant factors influencing SME failure and recovery. Accordingly, a preliminary questionnaire was designed in order to collect the attitudes of entrepreneurs regarding the impact of particular factors. The results of the survey were used for further quantitative analysis and as a base for the formation of a structural equation model for testing the proposed hypotheses.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted to gather data from SMEs in Malaysia to investigate empirically the influence of organizational culture, organizational learning and market orientation on innovation culture.
Abstract: Academic and practitioner have considered innovation as an approach to produce value to customer in order to remain competitive in the market. However, previous studies on innovation culture among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have received little attention and SMEs need to inculcate the innovation culture in order to generate innovation. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically the influence of organizational culture, organizational learning and market orientation on innovation culture. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to gather data from SMEs in Malaysia. Questionnaires were distributed and gathered with a total of 183 usable responses. The analysis was conducted via SMART PLS to produce interesting findings. Findings suggest that all dimensions of organizational culture (adaptability, involvement, mission and consistency) have an influence on innovation culture, organizational learning in terms of information acquisition and behavioural & cognitive have an impact on innovation culture. Finally, only competitor orientation influences innovation culture. Although SMEs play an important role within the Malaysia economy, their contribution to innovation is small and marginal. This study makes an important contribution by providing information to SMEs on the elements that could nurture innovation culture in their organizations. As such, it is hoped that this study will generate interest among the researchers to reach more conclusive evidence about the practice of innovation culture among SMEs in Malaysia. More effort should be devoted to comprehending the concept of innovation culture among SMEs from the context of developing country. The findings combined with the suggestions may offer alternative insights on innovation culture and extend a basic framework for further investigation.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of culture on the level of entrepreneurship and the possible moderating role of economic development upon this relationship was investigated. And the authors found that the relationship between culture and entrepreneurship is moderated differently by economic development, and that culture is more valued in high-income countries offering a higher social support in entrepreneurial activities than in low income countries.
Abstract: This paper investigates the influence of culture on the level of entrepreneurship and the possible moderating role of the level of economic development upon this relationship. For our purpose, an initial sample of 125 countries (43 high-income and 82 low-income countries) is used, over the 2006–2016 time period. At first, we use a panel analysis of the reduced sample which is furthermore completed by a hierarchical regression analysis. Our main results provide clear evidence that culture represents an important predictor of the level of entrepreneurship. Among the dimensions of culture, uncertainty avoidance and indulgence versus restraint are found to have the highest influence upon the level of entrepreneurship. Moreover, our empirical findings reveal that the relationship between culture and entrepreneurship is moderated differently by economic development. Thus, high-income countries face a three times higher rate of entrepreneurship than low-income countries. Our findings suggest that culture is more valued in high-income countries offering a higher social support in entrepreneurial activities than in low-income countries. We also find that some cultural patterns such as individualism, femininity, low uncertainly avoidance, short-term orientation or restrain may stimulate entrepreneurship in high-income countries but may be very dysfunctional in low-income countries. Our findings are also useful for policy makers to acknowledge the relationship between the cultural values of a country and its entrepreneurial activities, in order to adjust their policy measures for a better stimulation of the business environment.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the impact of an entrepreneurship education (EE) program on primary school pupils from two perspectives: the effects of the programme on entrepreneurial intention (EI) and the changes in attitudes.
Abstract: Studies of the impact of entrepreneurship education (EE) programmes have tended to focus on adults, in particular on university students. The present study examines the impact of an EE programme on primary school pupils from two perspectives: the effects of the programme on entrepreneurial intention (EI) and the changes in attitudes. The results show a significant increase in the EI of the participating, as well as in their perception of the feasibility of starting a business and the attitudes associated with entrepreneurship. Unlike in adults, the attitudes found to develop in children are those related mostly to self-control and achievement.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an integrative model is proposed to provide a "big picture" of existing literature on institutions and entrepreneurship, and the future directions might be taken by scholars hoping to contribute to this important and growing research area.
Abstract: This article brings together existing literature on institutions and entrepreneurship. Despite a recent increase in publications on their relationship, this line of inquiry is still very fragmented due to a lack of consistent theoretical framework to guide the selection of institutions. To provide a “big picture” of this research area, an integrative model is proposed around two central themes: theoretical constructs of institutions that work at different levels and their relationship with different aspects of entrepreneurship. This integrative model presents an overview of existing literature, how previous research fit in the model, the gaps in what we know, and the future directions might be taken by scholars hoping to contribute to this important and growing research area.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the impact of a variety of factors (economic, institutional, competitiveness, formal and informal) on the entrepreneurial activity of nations, given by the Total Entrepreneurial Activity rate (TEA).
Abstract: The objective of this study is to analyse the impact of a variety of factors (economic, institutional, competitiveness, formal and informal) on the entrepreneurial activity of nations, given by the Total Entrepreneurial Activity rate (TEA). A panel data approach of 26 developed countries is used to evaluate the simultaneous influence of the referred factors on TEA over the period 2004-2011. Aiming to include a wide range of variables imposed by the multidisciplinary entrepreneurship concept, the stepwise regression approach is applied with backward elimination of insignificant variables. Our findings show an inverse relationship between TEA and the initial capital effort; a direct relation between TEA, monetary freedom, investment freedom, financial market development and education; and a non-linear concave relationship between TEA and the GDP per capita. However, the most significant impacts on TEA come from factors related to education level and the financial market conditions. The dynamic estimation approach shows a quite high speed of adjustment between the actual and desired rate of entrepreneurship.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors draw on signal theory and the research findings of local bias in VC to examine how geographic distance (GD) and different signals affect equity crowdfunding platforms launching projects online.
Abstract: This article draws on signal theory and the research findings of local bias in VC to examine how geographic distance (GD) and different signals affect equity crowdfunding platforms launching projects online. We find that local bias still exists in the pre-investment stage of equity crowdfunding. Equity crowdfunding platforms prefer to launch local projects online. We also prove that signals of media usage and start-ups’ quality (credit) are positively correlated with the launching of projects on platforms. Moreover, the platform is more inclined to list projects initiated by firms engaging in strategic emerging industries online. Above all, the signal of project risk fully mediates the relationship between start-ups’ quality and the launching of projects online. Empirical analyses are based on the dataset of equity crowdfunding projects on the Dahuotou equity crowdfunding platform (http://www.dahuotou.cn/) during 2014–2017.
15 citations
TL;DR: This article explored the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and performance by developing a comprehensive theoretical model based on Schumpeterian understanding of entrepreneurship supported with the Theory of Planned Behavior from social psychology, showing how organizational culture (value) triggers a chain effect through its influence on entrepreneurial orientation (attitude) and managerial support (intentions) that ultimately generate impact on corporate entrepreneurship.
Abstract: This paper explores the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and performance by developing a comprehensive theoretical model based on Schumpeterian understanding of entrepreneurship supported with the Theory of Planned Behavior from social psychology. The model shows how organizational culture (value) triggers a chain effect through its influence on entrepreneurial orientation (attitude) and managerial support (intentions) that ultimately generate impact on corporate entrepreneurship (behavior). We test our model in an emerging economy context and present our results with implications to theory and practice.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance by considering the roles of dynamic capabilities (DC) and corporate entrepreneurship (CE), and proposed that DC and CE mediate the relationship between EO and firm performance.
Abstract: Although a cumulative body of literature explains entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and firm performance, there remain differing views on the mechanisms underlying this relationship. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of EO on firm performance by considering the roles of dynamic capabilities (DC) and corporate entrepreneurship (CE). We propose that DC and CE mediate the relationship between EO and firm performance, and our empirical results support these propositions. This study fills a gap in the literature on the EO–performance relationship by considering the linkages among disposition, capabilities, and activities in the South Korean context.
14 citations
TL;DR: The authors conducted two empirical studies of risk tolerance and legitimacy perceptions among observers of social enterprise and for-profit ventures, concluding that social enterprises viewed as viable from societal perspectives are often regarded differently from traditional business perspectives.
Abstract: Social enterprises viewed as viable from societal perspectives are often regarded differently from traditional business perspectives. To examine this difference, we undertook two empirical studies of risk tolerance and legitimacy perceptions among observers of social enterprise and for-profit ventures. In Study 1, participants (n = 115) drawn randomly from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, an online crowdsourcing marketplace for human intelligence tasks, examined two hypothetical cases and completed the risk tolerance scale of the Jackson Personality Inventory. Results show that social enterprises were seen as having lower industry legitimacy, especially by individuals with lower risk tolerance. Here, industry legitimacy mediated the effect of venture purpose on cognitive legitimacy. In Study 2, practicing entrepreneurs (n = 23) narratively interpreted Study 1 results from social enterprise and traditional business perspectives. Both studies demonstrate that social enterprise legitimacy evaluations vary based on risk tolerance and the type of legitimacy in question. Overall findings show that explicit observations of risk tolerance effects, and multidimensional conceptualizations of legitimacy, are important to accurate evaluations of social enterprises.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the impact of actors from social and institutional contexts in the entrepreneurial ecosystem on academic spinoff performance in the stage of creation and initial development and in the phase of consolidation.
Abstract: The importance of entrepreneurial ecosystems is accentuated in the academic entrepreneurship context since academic spinoffs (ASOs) must rely on actors from the ecosystem to access resources they lack in order to improve their performance. This study analyzes the impact that actors from social and institutional (university and nonuniversity) contexts in the entrepreneurial ecosystem have on ASO performance in the stage of creation and initial development and in the stage of consolidation. From a sample of 118 ASOs in the initial stage and 47 ASOs in the consolidation stage, the results indicate that social and institutional contexts improve the performance of ASOs in both phases of development, although the relevance of each context varies with the stage. In the creation and initial development stage, the institutional context affects the ASOs’ performance to a greater extent, while the influence of the social context is less strong. Science parks from the institutional context are the most relevant actors in this phase. In the consolidation phase, social context is the most relevant for improving the performance of ASOs, with the venture capitalist being the actor that exerts more influence. With respect to the institutional context, performance is only affected by the nonuniversity context in this stage.
TL;DR: This paper examined the specific personal motivations that might lead academic scientists to start companies and found that founders are distinguished from non-founders primarily by their interest in doing something positive for humanity.
Abstract: Although there has been increasing recent interest in universities as ecosystems for the encouragement of academic entrepreneurship, almost none of that work has dealt with the specific personal motives that might lead academic scientists to start companies. Metaphorically, there has been a substantial body of work describing how to create a better racetrack, some study of what sort of horses best perform in the track, but essentially no examination of the jockeys. We address this gap in the literature in two ways – first by “importing” a variety of psychological characteristics that have been shown to be predictive in the larger entrepreneurship literature, and second by developing a series of context-specific motives. Our study of 50 biomedical scientists in an academic medical center showed, unsurprisingly, that patents matter. More importantly, although the results for the imported psychological characteristics were disappointing, the findings for context-specific motives suggest that founders are distinguished from non-founders primarily by their interest in doing something positive for humanity.
TL;DR: In recent years, research into the role of the environment in the entrepreneurship process has also increased: contributions have rocketed, including increasingly complex and sophisticated analytical frameworks and empirical studies.
Abstract: Environmental factors determine several features of society, but are becoming increasingly relevant in the entrepreneurship process. In recent years, entrepreneurship has been expanding worldwide and implies an exponential role of the environment. Accordingly, research into this phenomenon has also increased: contributions have rocketed, including increasingly complex and sophisticated analytical frameworks and empirical studies.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new perspective for the study of university business incubators is proposed, focusing on their heterogeneity and their role in the performance evaluation of UBIs, and a framework that posits two competing narratives for UBI, commercial and educational, that represent extremes on a continuum where hybrid configurations are also possible.
Abstract: Globally, business incubators and accelerators have been embraced as important mechanisms to support the growth and development of new ventures. Several typologies have been proposed as a means of classifying their alternate forms. Within these typologies university business incubators (UBIs) are often recognized as a separate, but homogeneous class. Yet taking an isomorphic approach fails to acknowledge that differences among UBIs have implications for how they function and how their performance should be evaluated. Performance evaluation is an important issue as universities come under increasing pressure to demonstrate that the public funding they receive in support of their incubation activities is being put to good use. This paper offers a new perspective for the study of UBIs that focuses on their heterogeneity. We develop a framework that posits two competing narratives for UBIs, commercial and educational, that represent extremes on a continuum where hybrid configurations are also possible. Our framework demonstrates that these narratives offer a systematic explanation of differences in UBIs, have implications for performance evaluation, and suggest directions for future research aimed at advancing our understanding of variation in the way UBIs are configured and managed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors build upon the framework of institutional theory to reveal how the perceptions of institutional environment foster entrepreneurial growth intention via the entrepreneur's specific cognitive process, and find that perceptions of different institutional dimensions exert important but distinct influence on the way in which entrepreneurs view and perceive venture growth and then indirectly inspire their ambitions.
Abstract: Entrepreneurial growth intention, as an outcome of the entrepreneur’s cognition, has been found to be influenced by the institutional context. However, the cognitive rationale for the institutional impact on entrepreneurial growth intention is still unknown. This article builds upon the framework of institutional theory to reveal how the perceptions of institutional environment foster entrepreneurial growth intention via the entrepreneur’s specific cognitive process. Based on an extended model of the theory of planned behavior, we find that perceptions of different institutional dimensions exert important but distinct influence on the way in which entrepreneurs view and perceive venture growth and then indirectly inspire their ambitions in the post-entry stage of entrepreneurship. The entrepreneur’s perception of behavioral control plays a key role in this process. The implications for entrepreneurial practice and future research are then discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors empirically consider macro-and micro-level factors together, and their cross-level interactions to portray the nexus of entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial ecosystem in growth of new independent ventures in the various US metros.
Abstract: Entrepreneurial ecosystems provide a rich context for analyzing entrepreneurial outcomes such as new venture growth. In most entrepreneurship research, influence of context or environment is undermined or controlled. Also, most studies consider either macro- or micro-level factors using single-level analysis, which mute the higher-level influences on new firm growth. To overcome these gaps, we empirically consider macro- and micro-level factors together, and their cross-level interactions to portray the nexus of entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial ecosystem in growth of new independent ventures in the various US metros. Our findings provide interesting insights on the moderating effects of prior experiences of founders on ecosystem attributes and firm growth.
TL;DR: This article examined the relationship between unit-level entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and unit level corporate entrepreneurship (CE), which has been typically neglected in entrepreneurship research, and found that unit level EO is positively related to unit level CE and this relationship strengthened when unit level social capital is high.
Abstract: We examine the relationship between unit-level entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and unit-level corporate entrepreneurship (CE), which has been typically neglected in entrepreneurship research. Building on the conservation of resource theory (COR), we argue that the relationship between unit-level EO and unit-level CE will be stronger when unit-level social capital is higher. Further, we posit that unit-level social capital becomes more effective when firm-level leaders are viewed as less (and not more) transformational by unit members. Data were collected from 186 managers, 372 employees, and 62 senior managers from 93 units of 31 firms. We find that unit-level EO is positively related to unit-level CE and this relationship strengthens when unit-level social capital is high. This moderating effect of social capital is itself moderated by firm-level transformational leadership, and strengthens as firm-level transformational leadership behaviors decrease (supporting “dark side” views of transformational leadership). Implications of our findings for organizational entrepreneurship research and practice are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined how creative entrepreneurs' motivation, including creative thinking, self-efficacy, and relatedness, influences their well-being and further affects opportunity recognition.
Abstract: Recognizing the right opportunities is a key capability in the entrepreneurial process, and creative entrepreneurs’ well-being at work can strengthen their inherent motivation to absorb external knowledge for desirable outcomes. Well-being at work is pleasant judgments of positive attitudes or pleasant experiences, but previous research mainly regarded well-being as an outcome variable. Therefore, this study considers the role of well-being as a mediator conceptualized in physical, psychological, and social well-being dimensions in the opportunity recognition process. Based upon the self-determination theory, this study examines how creative entrepreneurs’ motivation, including creative thinking, self-efficacy, and relatedness, influences their well-being and further affects opportunity recognition. Results from a sample of 234 creative entrepreneurs in Taiwan show that well-being positively mediates the effect of relatedness on opportunity recognition capabilities and absorptive capacity. Moreover, creative thinking and self-efficacy are associated with relatedness, and further with well-being. The key findings suggest that well-being plays a critical role to stimulate motivation for further capability building. This study extends the self-determination theory by linking entrepreneurial motivation with well-being in the entrepreneurial opportunity seeking process.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of agri-food EAP assistance on firms' venture evaluation, perceived legitimacy, and performance is examined using the MSU Product Center as a unit of analysis.
Abstract: This study analyzes how agri-food Entrepreneurial Assistance Programs (EAPs) create value for entrepreneurs. Using the MSU Product Center as a unit of analysis, the effect of agri-food EAP assistance on firms’ venture evaluation, perceived legitimacy, and performance is examined. Results indicate that agri-food EAP assistance prevents untenable business ideas from launching, improves the survival of launched ventures and develops entrepreneurs’ perceived legitimacy with trading partners. Further, results imply that targeted EAPs are a viable policy approach for promoting entrepreneurial activity in the agri-food industry, and that they can be particularly well suited to assisting nascent entrepreneurs.
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of entrepreneurs' egocentric market entry decisions is proposed to understand the high failure rate of new ventures by suggesting that ego-centric and myopic decision-making processes on the part of entrepreneurs may impede rational decision making.
Abstract: Research in entrepreneurship decision making assumes that entrepreneurs use a relatively distinct decision-making process when it comes to market entry. Building on a biased comparative-judgment-formation framework and egocentrism theory, this article theorizes a model of entrepreneurs’ egocentric market entry decisions. Specifically, we illustrate how entrepreneurs may be vulnerable to cognitive biases in the three stages of decision making: information acquisition, evaluation, and comparative judgment formation. This article contributes to understanding the high failure rate of new ventures by suggesting that egocentric and myopic decision-making processes on the part of entrepreneurs may impede rational decision making.
TL;DR: In this article, the determinants of proactive behavior on a large sample of European companies during the 2008-2009 financial crisis were investigated, including investments in innovation, expanding product offer, undergoing quality certification, investing in tangible assets and avoiding layoff.
Abstract: This paper contributes to the literature on the entrepreneurial behavior of firms during the economic crisis, by investigating the determinants of proactive behavior on a large sample of European companies during the 2008–2009 financial crisis. We explore various dimensions of proactive behavior, including: investments in innovation, expanding product offer, undergoing quality certification, investing in tangible assets and avoiding layoff. Our findings show a surprising heterogeneity of determinants in the case of different proactivity measures, especially when considering the impact of public policies which support entrepreneurship. We also provide some evidence supporting the organizational learning hypothesis with regard to proactiveness, as we show that the previous crisis experience matters in the case of the adoption of proactive or reactive strategy by a firm.
TL;DR: This paper examined how written expressions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and hope may affect investor evaluations of funding potential in business plan competitions and found that expressions of EO while business planning contribute to greater expressions of hope to cope with the Knightian uncertainty when developing new business models.
Abstract: This study examines how written expressions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and hope may affect investor evaluations of funding potential in business plan competitions. To understand why some firms are evaluated more favorably, we combine screening and signaling theory when analyzing early-stage venture-investor communication. Findings support that expressions of EO while business planning contribute to greater expressions of hope to cope with the Knightian uncertainty when developing new business models. Results suggest that the impact of hopeful dialogue on investor impressions of fundability critically depends upon the presence or absence of past founder financial investment. Implications for future research are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use institutional theory to highlight different institutional patterns from a gendered perspective, drawing upon Scott's well-known formulation of three institutional categories, and examine how three pillars of gendered institutions (regulative, normative, and cognitive) shape both the absolute and the relative levels of female entrepreneurial activity.
Abstract: The use of a gender-neutral approach to explore the contextual determinants of female entrepreneurship may preclude us from unraveling the complex institutions that tend to treat men and women asymmetrically, namely gendered institutions. This paper uses institutional theory to highlight different institutional patterns from a gendered perspective. In particular, drawing upon Scott’s well-known formulation of three institutional categories, we examine how three pillars of gendered institutions—regulative, normative and cognitive gendered institutions—shape both the absolute and the relative levels of female entrepreneurial activity, that is, female total early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) rate and female/male TEA ratio. Using cross-sectional data for 63 countries in 2013, we employ exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis and find that all three dimensions of gendered institutions have significant influences on the relative levels of female entrepreneurial activity, while only regulative and cognitive gendered institutions are significantly related to the absolute level of female entrepreneurship. Specifically, regulative gendered institutions have negative impacts, while cognitive gendered institutions have positive impacts. In addition, among the three distinct dimensions of gendered institutions, cognitive gendered institutions have the most important effect on both levels of female entrepreneurship. Implications for research and policy are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the psychological origins of social entrepreneurial behavior based on the motivated information processing theory and empirically identified the cognitive mechanisms between prosocial motivation and social entrepreneurial behaviour.
Abstract: Despite the growing phenomenon of social entrepreneurship, the existing literature has limited quantitative findings on its determinants. This study examines the psychological origins of social entrepreneurial behavior based on the motivated information processing theory. Our structural equation modeling analysis of 179 nascent social entrepreneurs in South Korea indicates the indirect effects of prosocial motivation on social enterprise creation behavior through perceived meaningfulness and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Our findings empirically identify the cognitive mechanisms between prosocial motivation and social entrepreneurial behavior. Also, the results of this research complement the existing scholarly conversations that compare the motives of social entrepreneurs with those of commercial entrepreneurs.
TL;DR: In this paper, a case study investigates whether collective entrepreneurial team cognition remains consistent throughout all stage processes when setting up a large-scale, distributed research infrastructure, concluding that BBMRI.se's managerial structure, personal ambitions and lack of transparency and communication were key contributors to its ultimate failure.
Abstract: This case study investigates whether collective entrepreneurial team cognition remains consistent throughout all stage processes when setting up a large-scale, distributed research infrastructure. A new “action phase model” has been devised, known as the “4 I’s of entrepreneurship”, with each “I” elucidating the entrepreneurial rationale behind various stages of the creation process: Intention, Initiation, Implementation and Introspection. The case investigated was BBMRI.se (BioBanking and Molecular Resource Infrastructure in Sweden) – a Swedish large-scale distributed research infrastructure aimed at harmonizing biobanking standards. Managers and key personnel involved in founding and/or operating the organization were interviewed. The results showed there was agreement regarding the need for the research infrastructure, while there were disagreeing perceptions of what the organization should be doing and regarding the difficulties it had faced. These developments would ultimately lead to BBMRI.se’s demise. The homogenous mindset would begin to dissipate once the Initiation stage was reached and worsened throughout the Implementation stage. The results indicate that BBMRI.se’s managerial structure, personal ambitions and lack of transparency and communication were key contributors to its ultimate failure. The implications highlight the risk of fragmented motivations as collective entrepreneurs turn their ambition into reality, if given too much autonomy.
TL;DR: In this article, the role of social entrepreneurs' practical intelligence in the creation of both economic and social value is investigated, and empirical evidence suggests that some dimensions of practical intelligence are closely related to creating economic value, whereas others are related to social value.
Abstract: The hybridity of social enterprises – that is to say, their simultaneous pursuit of both economic and social value – has increasingly drawn the attention of scholars in the fields of social entrepreneurship and, more broadly, entrepreneurship. To date, there has been significant debate as to whether or how social enterprises are distinct from for- and non profit organizations and whether generating economic rents and achieving a social mission can complement or substitute for each other. To add nuance to this literature, this study focuses on the role of social entrepreneurs’ practical intelligence, seeking to understand how the practical intelligence of social entrepreneurs can contribute to creating both economic and social value. We generally find positive relationships between practical intelligence and the creation of both social and economic value. However, empirical evidence suggests that some dimensions of practical intelligence are closely related to the creation of economic value, whereas others are related to creating social value. Based on the findings, we discuss how practical intelligence can effectively help social entrepreneurs manage the hybridity of their social enterprises.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identified elements of U-BEEs and employed an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to analyze university-based venture development organizations (VDOs) as research subjects.
Abstract: Theoretical concepts related to entrepreneurial ecosystems are currently in the initial stages of development and components of university-based entrepreneurial ecosystems (U-BEEs) are yet to be clarified or defined. This study identifies elements of U-BEEs and employs an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to analyze university-based venture development organizations (VDOs) as research subjects. This study extracted six elements: namely policy, finance, culture, support, human capital, and market, comprising 31 evaluation indicators. The results of this study indicated that “market” was considered the most crucial of the six elements in Taiwan. Finally, this paper provides theoretical and practical implications based on the aforementioned findings.
TL;DR: Klotz et al. as mentioned in this paper examined how the characteristics of a potential investor (i.e., social dominance orientation) interacted with characteristics of the entrepreneur to influence capital decision-making, and found that individuals were willing to invest in white but not minority-owned firms.
Abstract: Drawing on social dominance theory, the present research examines how the characteristics of a potential investor – namely, social dominance orientation (SDO) (i.e. the degree to which individuals seek to maintain inequality between groups) interacts with the characteristics of the entrepreneur (i.e. race) to influence capital decision-making. Study 1 found that as a function of individuals’ SDO, individuals supported a policy that would increase funding access to White but not minority entrepreneurs. Study 2 found that as a function of SDO, individuals were willing to invest in White but not minority-owned firms. The perceived threat of the entrepreneur’s success to the extant racial hierarchy explained differences in investment decisions. The present research in the field of entrepreneurship is the first to apply Social Dominance Theory and Social Dominance Orientation (Sidanius, J., and F. Pratto. 1999. Social Dominance: An Intergroup Theory of Social Hierarchy and Oppression. New York: Cambridge University Press.), which have received much attention in social psychology and organizational behavior, to funding access and investment decisions. In doing so, these studies answer the call by (Klotz, A. C., and D. O. Neubaum. 2016. “Research on the Dark Side of Personality Traits in Entrepreneurship: Observations from an Organizational Behavior Perspective.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 40 (1): 7–17.) to examine the relationship between “darker” personality traits, such as SDO, and entrepreneurial outcomes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated how academic achievement of social entrepreneurs and government or non-government funding increase social enterprises' performance and size leading to job creation in a pivotal nation in the Middle East, Lebanon.
Abstract: Social entrepreneurship has turned into the focal recognition of scientists in the field. In the Middle East, specifically, where nations are yet developing, SE has played a critical aspect because of its driving role in advancing comprehensive development at both the full-scale and smaller-scale economy levels. This article investigates how academic achievement of social entrepreneurs and government or non-government funding increase social enterprises’ performance and size leading to job creation in a pivotal nation in the Middle East, Lebanon. The study applies a multivariate linear regression to analyze variability among 39 small to medium sizes social Lebanese enterprises. Results show that academic accomplishment, training and financial support positively affect the performance of the SE and hence impact job creation.