Showing papers in "Environmental Pollution in 1987"

TL;DR: It is concluded that significant physiological and biochemical responses to such exposure conditions occur at dietary metal concentrations insufficient to cause signs of overt toxicity, particularly important are reproductive effects which include decreased egg production, decreased hatchability, and increased hatchling mortality.

TL;DR: The fact that the evolution of resistance to environmental pollutants does seem to occur in some populations in polluted environments warrants taking that possibility into consideration when evaluating the results of bioassays and monitoring programs.

TL;DR: Comparison of the composition of three toxic coplanar PCBs in commercial PCB mixtures and in the various animals indicates the relative metabolisability of these congeners, and 'T(4)CDD-equivalent' analysis based on the enzyme induction potencies and the residues of these toxic chemicals indicates that 3,3',4,4',5-P(5)CB may impose a greater toxic threat to the humans and probably to wildlife also.

TL;DR: The storage organs of plants-those organs which supply energy for new growth in perennial plants such as trees-are the organs most affected by O( 3)-induced partitioning changes when O(3) concentrations are in the range commonly observed in polluted ambient air.

TL;DR: Soil pH had, on the whole, declined, and acid deposition is probably a main contributor, and Acidification has also occurred in deeper horizons, most markedly in 30-35-year-old horizons.

TL;DR: It is concluded that P. viridis has the ability to respond rapidly to changes in ambient levels of PCBs, and data for contaminant concentrations are most appropriately based upon lipid weights of samples when using mussels as bioindicators of aquatic PCB pollution.

TL;DR: Several protective mechanisms may operate to diminish effects of heavy metal contaminants in seabirds, especially between cadminum and zinc and between mercury and selenium.

TL;DR: The effects of intermittent suspended solids exposure on the unionid clams Quadrula pustolosa, Fusconaia cerina and Pleurobema beadleanum were evaluated and feeding impairment was apparently compensated for by a reduction in metabolic demand.

TL;DR: A laboratory leaching test has been used to predict the potential mobility of As, Se, Pb and Cd in landfilled fly ash produced by coal combustion and refuse incineration and formed the basis of a speciation study in which the valency states of As and Se and the chemical forms of Pband Cd have been determined.

TL;DR: The effects of chronic exposure to fenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, on the cladoceran Daphnia galeata mendotae were evaluated under laboratory conditions and showed an increase in longevity but a decrease in production of young.

TL;DR: An inventory for ammonia emissions has been calculated for grassland and livestock production systems over the UK as a whole from measurements taken from livestock excreta and fertilisers applied to grass swards, from grazed paddocks, from decomposing grass herbage and from an animal house containing dairy cows.

TL;DR: Roadside soils were also enriched with airborne Cd and Zn, but to a lesser degree than with Pb, and the enrichment of the soil with these two elements fell rapidly and exponentially with distance.

TL;DR: In this article, multivariate analyses were used to assess the independent influences of body size, ingested plastic load and parasite load on bird mass and on an index of fat reserves in great shearwaters and blue petrels.

TL;DR: A model of the relationships between water chemistry and macroinvertebrate assemblages in eighteen streams in the upper Tywi whose catchments are subject to different land uses provides an effective analytical and potentially predictive tool for use in the understanding and management of the impact of acidification on freshwater ecosystems.

TL;DR: The best chemical extractant for predicting plant metal concentrations was 0.1m CaCl(2), which depended on metal loading, pH and soil cation exchange capacity, and changed with time after mixing soils and sludges.

TL;DR: Compounds of cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, manganese, nickel and zinc in the livers of male and female black duck, mallard and greater scaup collected in Raritan Bay, New Jersey in December 1980 and January 1981 varied significantly by species and sex.

TL;DR: The chemical application altered the dominance of rotifers to that of cladocerans and the phytoplankton community structure changed following the changes in the zooplankon density, and rotifer populations were suppressed.

TL;DR: Investigation of the volume of precipitation and amounts of sulphate and chloride passing through the Sphagnum mats in the southern Pennines showed that conventional deposition monitoring grossly underestimates rates of deposition to vegetation.

TL;DR: The dose-response curve is discussed in relation to reported changes in the nitrogen metabolism of plants subject to air pollution, the response of aphids to host plant nitrogen and possible toxic effects of high concentrations of SO(2) on the aphid.

TL;DR: The percentage and speed of germination of seeds were increasingly retarded with increase in effluent concentration and at 100% concentration there was no germination, and the effluent at up to 5% concentration was beneficial for the overall growth parameters studied and can thus be used as a liquid fertilizer.

TL;DR: Since teeth provide an integrated historical record of a person's lead exposure they have some attractive features as biological indicators, compared with materials such as blood, but considerable care and attention to detail is necessary to obtain reliable data.

TL;DR: A new large-scale closed chamber fumigation system with cooling facilities is described for studying effects of low concentrations of SO(2), NO(2) and O(3) and low temperatures on woody species and herbaceous plants and whether exposure to pollutants enhances the frost sensitivity of plants.

TL;DR: Since 1978, in response to decreasing emissions, there has been a recovery of some fruticose and foliose species in less-exposed locations.

TL;DR: In this paper, the importance of dry deposition was assessed at perimeter and interior locations in two vegetative canopies, and the least scavenging was found for SO(4)(2-) and NH(4) and the highest scavenging for HNO(3) species.

TL;DR: It was shown, using track autoradiography, that the productivities of the larger algae Mougeotia sp.

TL;DR: A method of reporting water quality and assessing compliance with targets, based on the Biological Monitoring Working Party score system, is proposed that enables biologists to present operations managers, and other professionals, with quality data from any freshwater habitat in the form of a simple index.

TL;DR: Two populations of the garden snail Helix aspersa, from an urban car park and from a semi-rural site, were fed a diet containing 500 microg g(-1) of Pb as PbSO(4), suggesting that the car park snails represent an ecotype adapted to a high Pb diet.

TL;DR: Saxicolous lichens were damaged less than corticolous species previously reported and, following decreased emissions, were also regrowing in sheltered and more distant locations by 1985, and Concentrations of fluoride, and associated injury, decreased with increasing distance from the works.

TL;DR: Metabolism is necessary for the effective elimination of lipophilic pollutants by terrestrial animals, and a model is proposed for the prediction of BFs from kinetic data obtained from in vitro metabolism studies, which will make possible the Prediction of bioaccumulation of pollutants by a wide range of species which cannot be studied by present methods.

TL;DR: The results suggest that peat copper deposition records may be used for reconstruction of pollution history, and the use of lead and zinc records for these purposes is problematic.