Showing papers in "Environmental Pollution in 2000"

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that knowledge of interconversion processes between different Cr forms is necessary to understand its behaviour and role in the environment, in addition to enabling reliable Cr speciation analysis to be performed.

TL;DR: A review is presented of bioaccumulation of organic substances in organisms, especially fish, including the incentives for developing a tiered predictive approach for addressing the large number of chemicals of commerce.

TL;DR: The role of microorganisms and other forms of soil biota in bound residue formation and the bioavailability of soil-borne pesticide residues are considered and the possible physical and chemical binding mechanisms are discussed.

TL;DR: Field observation reveals that seven mangrove stands received industrial, livestock and domestic sewage as well as pollution from mariculture activities, suggesting that anthropogenic input is the main source of heavy metal contamination in Hong Kong mangroves.

TL;DR: A background to the processes inherent to ageing, a discussion of its consequences on bioavailability and some reflections on the appropriateness of chemical extraction techniques to mimic bioavailability are provided.

TL;DR: The ability of bentonite to adsorb phenol from cyclo hexane decreased as the water to cyclohexane ratio was increased and hysteresis was observed in phenol desorption from bentonite in aqueous solutions.

TL;DR: A model has been developed to estimate stomatal ozone flux across Europe for a number of important species and the present results give a clear indication of the possible implications of adopting a flux-based approach for future policy evaluation.

TL;DR: Investigation of heavy metal uptake and accumulation strategies of two absolute metallophytes and one pseudometallophyte growing near a former metal smelter finds an exclusion strategy by metal immobilisation in roots and a detoxification mechanism by leaf fall is suggested.

TL;DR: Monitoring of total dissolved concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cu in metal-amended soils suggested that metal solubility may be controlled by similar soil components, presumably involving soil characteristics such as pH, organic matter content, and soil mineralogy.

TL;DR: Evaluation of the limited literature in this area suggests that the most likely impact of climate change will be felt in three areas: in losses from plant diseases, in the efficacy of disease management strategies and in the geographical distribution of plant diseases.

TL;DR: In cauliflower, compared to that of excess Cu or Cr, the visible effects of excess Co appeared first and were most pronounced, and Co significantly decreased the water potential and transpiration rates and increased diffusive resistance and relative water content in leaves of cauliflower.

TL;DR: Cd, Cu and Zn labile levels were related to total metal grass contents indicating its suitability for the availability studies in polluted soil-plant system, as well as between the levels of the different sequential fractions and the total content in grass.

TL;DR: The analysis of the horizons of 12 soil profiles confirm occasionally significant levels of Cd, Pb and Zn contamination in the areas surrounding two lead and zinc smelters in the North of France.

TL;DR: The mineral oil degradation rate was most rapid during the first months, and it followed a typical first order degradation curve, and the mineral oil content in the pile with diesel oil-contaminated soil decreased.

TL;DR: The objective of this review was to synthesize existing information regarding the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marsh macrophytes in a manner that will help guide research and improve spill-response efficiency.

TL;DR: Losses of N in this composting process were governed mainly by volatilization of ammonia (NH(3)) as the pile temperatures were high and the pH values were above 7.0, demonstrating that composting reduced the value of the chicken litter as N fertilizer.

TL;DR: The results show that the progressive phasing-out of leaded petrol in Italy has resulted in a decrease of about 20% per year in the Pb concentrations in PM(10).

TL;DR: Data indicated that heavy metal toxicity increases in parallel with temperature, whereas cadmium showed toxic effect even at such low concentrations as 50 mg l(-1).

TL;DR: The dynamic soil acidification model MAGIC is applied with data from two sites receiving high deposition loads in southwest China, and predictions indicate that considerable soil acidisation has been going on for the last decades due to acid deposition inputs.

TL;DR: Improvement of plants by genetic engineering, i.e. by modifying characteristics like metal uptake, transport and accumulation as well as metal tolerance, opens up new possibilities for phytoremediation.

TL;DR: Metal enrichment, particularly of Pb, Zn and Cu, is ascribed to the uncontrolled discharge of untreated sewage waste and urban surface runoff, which has increased markedly since the beginning of rapid urbanisation.

TL;DR: Analysis of PI provides an alternative method for regional monitoring of tree health within the context of the currently employed Aot40, and a significant ozone exposure-response relationship was found between AOT40 and primary photochemistry.

TL;DR: P pH and total metals in soil were significantly correlated with the activities of free metal ions, except for Cd(2+), which only had a weak correlation with soil pH.

TL;DR: Growth chamber studies demonstrated the ability of T. officinale and Ambrosia artemisiifolia to successfully remove soil Pb and Cd during repeated croppings, and those plants that removed most Pband Cd were predominantly herbaceous species, some of which produce sufficient biomass to be practical for phytoremediation technologies.

TL;DR: Regional level air quality and ecological risk assessments (multi-point models) as a whole should consider this type of approach in the future, using co-located passive samplers, with continuous monitors at selected locations as calibration points for mapping the air quality distribution on temporal and spatial scales.

TL;DR: Data indicate that RDSs in Manoa basin are generally contaminated with certain potentially toxic elements and the legacy of past use of leaded gasoline is still a concern in this urban drainage system.

TL;DR: Algal uptake and adsorption on alginate gels were found to be the major processes involved in the removal of N and phosphate in the present study.

TL;DR: The methodological approaches that have been applied to determine the nature of bound residues in soil and sediment, the application of specific analytical techniques, the type of information they generate, and their relative advantages and disadvantages are reviewed.

TL;DR: The collected data showed that pyrolytic input from anthropogenic combustion processes was predominant at almost all the stations investigated, and only one station, located in the proximity of oil wells, appeared to be contaminated predominantly by petrogenic input.

TL;DR: The emphasis of this review is to discuss some of the novel methods for which the value has not been clearly shown, but that in the view merit continued studies and efforts to make them work, separately or in combination.