Showing papers in "Enzyme and Microbial Technology in 1980"

TL;DR: Strains of Trichoderma, particularly T. reesei and its mutants, are good sources of extracellular cellulase suitable for practical saccharification and carbon compounds derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose will be used as fermentation and chemical feedstocks as soon as the process economics are favourable.

TL;DR: Accumulated evidence with the most thoroughly studied white-rot fungi suggests that with these fungi lignin degradation proceeds by way of extracellular mixed-function oxygenases and dioxygenases, which catalyse demethylations, hydroxylations and ring-fission reactions within a largely intact polymer, concomitant with some release of low molecular weight lignIn fragments.

TL;DR: In this article, the Enzyme and Microbial Technology FERMENTATION OF PENTOSE SUGARS TO ETHANOL and other NEUTRAL PRODUCTS by MICROORGANISMS S. L. Rosenberg and S. S. Rosenberg RECEIVED LAWRENCE BERKELEY LABORATORY lARclt I980 LIBRARY ANL DOCUMENTS SECTIO*» January 1980 Two-WEEK LOAN COPY This is a Library Circulating Copy which may be borrowed for two weeks.

TL;DR: Magnetic separation of immobilized enzymes or bioaffinity adsorbents allows their selective recovery from liquors containing other suspended solids, and gives easier handling of large numbers of samples in analysis as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: This work has identified every site of glycosylation of CBHI from a high cellulase-producing mutant strain of T. reesei, ALKO2877, and characterised each site in terms of its modifying carbohydrate and site-specific heterogeneity.

TL;DR: The protoplast fusion technique, in providing a mechanism by which genetic recombination can be readily achieved, should be of great potential in empirical breeding and strain improvement.

TL;DR: Inactivation of the cellulase of Trichoderma reesei by shear, is of sufficient magnitude to merit consideration in the design of equipment for the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, and the inac inactivation constant is a function of the flow rate of the enzyme solution through a fine capillary tube.

TL;DR: The paper concludes with the suggestion, as a working hypothesis, that perhaps the enzymes responsible for lignin biodegradation do not interact with the polymer itself, but generate reactive diffusible species such as superoxide radical anion.

TL;DR: The preparation and performances of the immobilized enzymes are described and it is shown that these enzymes have been immobilized on chitin and on some of its derivatives, mainly with glutaraldehyde.

TL;DR: The decay of fumarase activity during continuous enzyme reaction was expressed by an exponential relationship and the optimal temperature of the enzyme reaction shifted to 10°C higher, the optimal pH became broader, and the operational stability of f Kumarase activity increased.

TL;DR: The equilibrium constants and the respective standard Gibbs energy changes for hydrolysis of some β-lactam antibiotics have been determined in this article, where Native and immobilized penicillin amidase (EC 3.11) from Escherichia coli has been used as a catalyst.

TL;DR: The results suggest that K. fragilis inulase may represent an alternative to Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase presently used in industry and is at least as resistant to substrate inhibition, as thermostable and has slightly less transferase activity.

TL;DR: The barium alginate method has two features which are not generally encountered at the same time, extremely mild conditions for entrapment and excellent physical properties of the gels beads, which make this method a suitable tool for the construction of bioreactors with immobilized cells or organelles.

TL;DR: In this article, the kinetics of enzymatic saccharification of ball-milled sugar-cane bagasse, sorghum stubble and peanut shells were studied and their conversions compared.

TL;DR: This article collects together and provides chemical and structural details of a number of matrices and coupling reactions and enables ready access to the relevant literature for those initiating experimental/practical studies.

TL;DR: Monoamine oxidase (monoamine: oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.3.4 from Aspergillus niger and beef plasma) was immobilized in a collagen membrane and an enzyme electrode was prepared for the determination of monoamines.

TL;DR: The conversion of cellobiose to glucose was studied with β-glucosidase adsorbed on Amberlite DP-1, a cation-exchange resin with best overall pH for adsorption and reactor operation and Km values increased with increasing enzyme loading due to competitive inhibition.

TL;DR: The enzyme electrode is a combination of an ion-selective electrode base sensor with an immobilized (insolubilized) enzyme, which provides a highly selective and sensitive method for the determination of a given substrate.

TL;DR: In this paper, a general design for a biophotolysis system is proposed consisting of vertically arranged, thin-walled glass tubes with an inert gas recirculated through the cultures for mixing and removal of hydrogen.

TL;DR: In this article, a strain of Acetobacterium species producing extracellular polysaccharide aggregated in the presence of hydrous titanium(IV) oxide thereby enabling higher medium flow rates and an increased acetic acid output to be achieved.

TL;DR: The evaluation of the properties of the immobilized invertase indicated that the kinetic values were not appreciably altered despite a broad pH optimum, and the enzyme was more stable to both heat and gamma-radiation.

TL;DR: In this paper, a microbial sensor consisting of living whole cells of Brevibacterium lactofermentum and an oxygen electrode was prepared for continuous determination of total assimilable sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) in a fermentation broth for glutamic acid production.

TL;DR: If the reaction is carried out at the thermodynamically optimum pH of synthesis (low pH), penicillin can be obtained in high yield and the possibility of using activated acid derivatives in synthesis and the advantages of using computer calculations for process optimization are discussed.

TL;DR: The gas environment is of major importance in controlling aerobic fermentation processes for the manufacture of microbial products as mentioned in this paper, suggesting that microbial metabolism may be directed towards specific products by the control of such environments.

TL;DR: The results indicate that cholesterol oxidase is an intrinsic membrane-bound protein possessing a hydrophobic anchor region which can be removed by trypsin.

TL;DR: The broad substrate specificity of sulphydryl oxidase suggests several potential industrial uses for the enzyme, including flavour modification in the food industry or synthesis of disulphides in pharmaceuticals.

TL;DR: The thickness of the diffusion layer was not negligible, even at the highest relative velocity (1.5 x 10−4 ms−1) used in this article, which is in agreement with the results predicted by theoretical analysis.

TL;DR: The continuous operation of packed bed reactors demonstrated that some effects of the external film diffusion resistance were apparent at low flow rates of the substrate feed solution, whereas the internal pore diffusion resistance was negligible up to the pellet size used in this work.

TL;DR: In this article, a method for automatic measurement of α-amylase and glucoamylases activities during fermentation has been developed, which can be used for both of these enzymes because the reaction products were measured at the same wavelength.