Showing papers in "Enzyme and Microbial Technology in 1982"

TL;DR: An understanding of the role of carbon dioxide, and particularly of its inhibitory effects on enzyme action and membrane function, is required if the observed global inhibition of yeasts and other fermentation systems is to be partitioned to its appropriate causes.

TL;DR: The β-d -glucosidase (β- d -gloside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.21) has been described in a variety of fungi and bacteria.

TL;DR: In this paper, the cellulase deactivation due to the interfacial effect combined with the shear effect was found to be far more severe and extensive than that due to shear effects alone.

TL;DR: In this article, the theory and problems of bio-electrochemical fuel cells are described and related to research, both recent and proposed, for the practical development of this area, and applications of this developing technology have been envisioned for analytical chemistry, medical devices, energy transfer, electrochemical synthesis, and detoxification.

TL;DR: Compared with saccharisation in the absence of yeast, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using Trichoderma cellulases and Saccharomyces cerevisiae enhanced cellulose hydrolysis rates by 13–30%.

TL;DR: Reactivation was a success when inactivation was caused by aggregation, chemical modification of SH-groups of S-S bonds, or resulted from "irreversible" conformational changes.

TL;DR: The oxygen produced by the algae in the coimmobilized preparation was used by the bacteria more effectively than when the cells were immobilized separately and mixed within the reactor.

TL;DR: Purified inulinase (inulase, 2,1-β-d-fructan fructanohydrolase, EC 3.2.7) of Kluyveromyces fragilis has been immobilized on 2-aminoethyl-cellulose by treatment with 2% glutaraldehyde to show good operational stability in the presence of substrate, inulin or the tuber extract of Jerusalem artichoke.

TL;DR: Mycelia containing α-galactosidase have been used commercially for about ten years to hydrolyse raffinose in beet sugar molasses to aid in the production of sugar.

TL;DR: A process regulating ER biogenesis may have been deactivated by mutation in RUT-C30 cells and thus the potential for extracellular enzyme synthesis and secretion has been enhanced.

TL;DR: In this paper, the fermentation of carbohydrates and hemicellulose hydrolysate by Mucor and Fusarium species has been investigated, with the following results: both species are able to ferment various sugars and alditols, including d -glucose, pentoses and xylitol, to ethanol.

TL;DR: The immobilization of a d-glucose oxidase monolayer onto a glassy carbon rotating disc electrode allows the measurement of concentrations in the enzyme's microenvironment and gives a method of easily following its activity.

TL;DR: In this article, the potential use of various microorganisms for the removal of sulphur compounds from coal is presented and various process schemes for microbial desulphurization (MDS) of coal are suggested.

TL;DR: This method exhibits resistance to yield loss due to microbial degradation and is not sensitive to small changes in solvent in buffer concentration or treatment time, it is particularly suited to industrial-scale enzyme recoveries.

TL;DR: It was found that on agarose-based resins coupling of ligand occurs predominantly via cyanate esters, and not via imidocarbonates as in the case of Sephadex, which explains the different behaviours of Sepharose and SepHadex during CNBr activation.

TL;DR: Over 100 strains of wood-rotting fungi were compared for their ability to degrade wood blocks to give an approximate indication of the order of cellulase activities obtained from culture filtrates of these strains.

TL;DR: In this paper, a bioconversion of the corresponding nitriles using immobilized bacteria with nitrilase activity (nitrile hydratase) was described, showing the polyvalence and simplicity of the process, and the quality of the amides obtained.

TL;DR: In this article, the equilibrium concentration of d -Xylose was determined for both isomerization and fermentation at pH 6.0, pH 5.3, and pH 6, pH 4.1.

TL;DR: To investigate the possibility of in situ oxygen generation the alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa was immobilized on alginate beads and in long term experiments the preparations were successful for at least 30 days.

TL;DR: Zeta potential measurement has been used for improvement of cell immobilization by adhesion on sawdust and the influence of agents such as CaCl2, NaCl, carboxymethylcellulose, Al2(SO4)3 and cationic starch, on the zeta potential of cells has been studied.

TL;DR: A review of computer control of fermentation processes with the utilization of modern control techniques is presented and on-line estimation of bioreactor parameters for feedback control is presented.

TL;DR: A column packed with d-glucose oxidase immobilized onto alumina was operated for two weeks with no measurable decline in its catalytic efficiency and produced more than one hundred grams of hydroquinone.

TL;DR: It is concluded that cellulase synthesis of the mutants is regulated by catabolite repression as well as by induction, i.e. the mutants showed higher sensitivity to inducer and lower susceptibility to catabolites repression than did the wild types.

TL;DR: Production of alfa-Keto Acids and Immobilized Cells of Providencia sp.c.

TL;DR: High nitrogen concentrations give highest yields of crude product and result in a need for only short fermentation times to achieve maximum product formation, however, these products have inferior solution rheology to those produced from low-nitrogen media.

TL;DR: Although there was only a 9% recovery of starting avicelase activity, the immobilized enzyme catalysed the hydrolysis of insoluble cellulose to glucose with greater efficiency than did free cellulase.

TL;DR: The suitability of bead mills for the release of intracellular bacterial enzymes has been studied using the Dyno-Mill Model KDL and the best operational values for these parameters were 1 g cell paste suspended in 2.5 ml buffer, 0.25 mm diameter glass beads and 15 ms −1 agitation speed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the capabilities of Fusarium oxysporum f. lini, Mucor sp., and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in fermenting pentose to ethanol have been compared.

TL;DR: The organism can be used to obtain ethanol from other carbohydrates previously considered as nonfermentable, either by P. tannophilus in particular, d -galactose, or by yeasts in general, glycerol.

TL;DR: Firefly ( Luciola mingrelica ) luciferase has been immobilized on albumin and polyacrylamide gel, on AH-, CH- and CNBr-Sepharose 4B as well as on Ultragel, Ultradex and cellophane film activated by cyanogen bromide.