Showing papers in "Enzyme and Microbial Technology in 1986"

TL;DR: Two methods for increasing the production of ligninase by cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium grown in a nitrogen-limiting medium are described, indicating a high degree of homology between the lign inases within each strain in addition to homologybetween the corresponding lignInases of the two stains.

TL;DR: A review examines the state of the art of the large-scale cell disruption technology and disruption methods of potential commercial value in industry and medicine.

TL;DR: Hydrolases can be used to catalyse the synthesis of condensation products such as β-lactam antibiotics, peptides, oligosaccharides and glycerides, and rational analysis of how yield controlling factors may be changed to obtain optimum yields is used to evaluate whether these biotechnological processes can compete with the chemical methods currently used for the synthesis.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of batch steam explosion pretreatment on the rate of subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of hybrid poplar wood was investigated and it was shown that steam explosion pre-treatment can be effective in increasing the pore surface area accessible to enzymes.

TL;DR: When these processes are better understood, microalgae might become economic sources of new drugs and other specialty chemicals because production can be optimized in controlled culture.

TL;DR: The critical shear stress at which cell viability starts to decrease progressively was found to be in the order of l-4 N m -2 in both cases and special measures in the bioreactor design have to be taken in order to supply sufficient oxygen in the absence of excessive shear.

TL;DR: Representative efforts in these areas indicate the broad scope of considerations involved in developing fermentation processes for recombinant microorganisms and the opportunities for further research in this field.

TL;DR: When benzo(a)pyrene was incubated with ligninase and an H2O2generating system, three main organic soluble oxidation products were formed and immediate accumulation of organic soluble and water soluble products occurred followed by evolution of CO2.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of temperature, pH and xylose concentration on the fermentation parameters of Candida shehatae and Pichia stipitis were evaluated, and a maximum volumetric ethanol productivity of about 0.9 g (l h) −1 was obtained with both yeast strains.

TL;DR: In this paper, the dominant sugar in red oak acid prehydrolysate, xylose, was fermented to ethanol, and a maximal ethanol concentration of 9.9 g l −1 was obtained from an acid pre-hydrolyate containing 21.7 g l−1 of xyloses.

TL;DR: The ability of a laccase from the fungus Rhizoctonia praticola to transform 15 phenolic substrates has been examined and there were no substantial differences in the relative activities of the free and immobilized enzyme.

TL;DR: It is concluded that water activity should not be considered to be a sole regulatory parameter in biotechnical processes, but that it deserves greater attention in process design and development than is presently given.

TL;DR: The optimization of fermentation conditions for Neurospora crassa resulted in yields of 5.5 and 10 g l −1 of ethanol from 1% Avicel and 2% alkali-treated cellulose powder corresponding to 100 and 90% conversion, respectively, in 4 days.

TL;DR: In this article, a new hydroxypropylstarch polymer was used together with poly (ethyleneglycol) to obtain two liquid phases in aqueous solution, where enzymes and other proteins were partitioned within the two-phase system.

TL;DR: Whey permeate obtained by ultrafiltration of cottage cheese whey and supplemented with yeast extract was converted into lactic acid by Lactobacillus bulgaricus in a high-performance membrane bioreactor configured in the cell recycle mode and productivity was vastly superior to conventional batch fermentations.

TL;DR: Cellulase and cellulase production in solid state fermentation on different compounded media containing wheat bran, rice straw and minerals was studied and Toyama's mineral solution mixed with RS was found to be a better substrate for cellulase and d -xylanase while with WB it induced higher β- d -glucosidase production.

TL;DR: This review describes the concept of ‘enzymes in reverse micelles’ and discusses the ways in which various parameters govern protein solubilization in reverse mouselles.

TL;DR: Artificial membranes, due to their interesting properties (high surface area per unit volume, possibility to combine separation with chemical reaction etc).

TL;DR: Several models are examined to determine their applicability in correlating physicochemical properties to biodegradation rate constants that can be applied to either cometabolic or growth associated substrate utilization.

TL;DR: The use of plant cell cultures as a commercial source of secondary products such as medicinals, flavours and pigments and the mechanisms underlying this variability are discussed, distinguishing genetic and ‘epigenetic’ components of variation.

TL;DR: The strain of Aspergillus niger G most effective for producing glucose oxidase is selected out of 110 moulds belonging to 15 different species by the method of test-tube microculture and among 960 strains isolated after mutagenesis only 12 showed higher activity.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of alginate composition, gel concentration, gelation method, cell loading and surface area on fermentation characteristics of immobilized yeast cells have been investigated, and a method for reinforcement of internally gelled elginate slabs with a nylon mesh was developed and utilized for production of a continuous fermentation reactor with reinforced gels.

TL;DR: Results reveal wide variation in lignin-degrading capacity of P. chrysosporium and show that Cel- mutants can be unaffected in lIGNin- Degrading ability.

TL;DR: Metabolite release was induced by rapid transfer of free-living or immobilized cells grown in a medium containing 490 mol m −3 NaCl to a freshwater-based medium (BG-11) and may prove to be a useful means of recovering metabolites from viable microorganisms.

TL;DR: A cell-associated pullulanase (pullulan 6-glucanohydrolase, EC 3.41) from Thermus aquaticus YT-1 has been detergent solubilized and purified by a method involving dispersion into ethanediol followed by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: The catalytic properties and stability of d -xylose isomerase from Streptomyces violaceoruber have been studied and Co 2+ is superior as a protector against thermal denaturation.

TL;DR: The best ethanol-producing mutant showed the highest ratio of NADH- to NADPH-linked D-xylose reductase activity and high levels of all other pentose phosphate pathway enzymes assayed.

TL;DR: In this article, the production of 7,8-epoxy-1-octene from 1,7-octadiene by non-growing Pseudomonas putida PpG6 in a two-liquid phase reaction has been characterized.

TL;DR: The production of extracellular pectinases by Aspergillus sp.