Showing papers in "Enzyme and Microbial Technology in 1991"

TL;DR: The results indicate that each of the fungal laccase proteins tested can rapidly partially dechlorinate a number of toxic polychlorinated phenols and guaiacols.

TL;DR: It is shown that crude Phanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidase, in the presence of H 2 O 2 and veratryl alcohol, will catalyze the partial fragmentation of a 14 C β -labeled synthetic hardwood lignIn in Na acetate.

TL;DR: In the in vitro system, glucose oxidase enhanced lignin solubilization probably by preventing the repolymerization of the radicals formed by the two oxidative enzymes.

TL;DR: In this article, an acid hydrolysate of sugar cane bagasse containing (g l −1 ) d -xylose (40.9), d -glucose (3.1), l -arabinose (4.5), and acetic acid (9.0) was fermented to ethanol at a rate of 0.15 g(l h) −1, and an ethanol yield was obtained.

TL;DR: Polyethyleneimine (PEI), with the highest concentration of amino groups, has found acceptance as a carrier in a number of industrial immobilized biosystems and is claimed to highlight the potential of PEI.

TL;DR: Genetic engineering has been used to modify the proportion of different cellulases produced by a hypercellulolytic Trichoderma reesei mutant strain, and new strains producing elevated amounts of the specific endoglucanase 1 (EGI) and/or lacking the major cellobiohydrolase (CBHI) were produced, and these have been further characterized.

TL;DR: The discovery that one may enhance the degradability of azo dyes by linking selected, readily degradable substituents into the dyes' chemical structure, is a novel observation.

TL;DR: In this article, an enzymic solvent-free acylation of sugar acetals with a range of long-chain fatty acids (lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic) and their methyl esters is described.

TL;DR: An attempt has been made to summarize the work available in the area of concanavalin A immobilization, finding increasing applications as a useful ligand in glycoenzyme immobilization.

TL;DR: Except for its ability to bind to cellulose, the properties of the fusion protein were virtually the same as those of the native enzyme.

TL;DR: Results are presented which show that the degree of purification achieved is dependent on macromolecular surface properties rather than system operating conditions and serves to limit the amount of empirical experimentation necessary for the establishment of practical operations.

TL;DR: The optimal experimental conditions for antibiotic synthesis catalysed by PGA were established, as a compromise solution, in order to obtain good values for every parameter of industrial interest.

TL;DR: Investigation of the partition behavior of pure thaumatin in aqueous two-phase systems found factors such as MW of PEG, pH, and concentration of NaCl (and other salts) were all found to influence K, whereas the protein concentration had no effect.

TL;DR: Nitrate and iron were found to be the factors significantly affecting antibiotic production by the cyanobacterium, Nostoc muscorum; 26.4 mM nitrate and 6 microM iron were the optimal concentrations for maximizing antibiotic production.

TL;DR: In this article, the use of aqueous-organic, two-liquid-phase systems was tested for the production of secondary metabolites with plant cell cultures using Tagetes patula with Agrobacterium rhizogenes.

TL;DR: A model for substrate consumption, cell growth, and lactic acid production considering both substrate and product inhibition is proposed; this model fits experimental data better than previously described models, since these have only considered low substrate concentrations.

TL;DR: This xylanase fraction, which contained 290 U mg −1 of protein, was used for the large-scale deploymerization of a xylan extracted from corncob meal and produced mainly xylobiose, xylotriose, and arabino-xylo-oligosaccharides.

TL;DR: The enzymatic turnover number for esterification is three times higher than that for Hydrolysis, suggesting that hydrolysis may be the rate-controlling step in interesterification.

TL;DR: The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was amplified for the enzyme fumarase by cloning the single nuclear gene downstream of a strong promoter, and stable activities over a 48-h period were maintained within the large-diameter agarose beads, while decreasing activities were observed within the agarOSE microspheres.

TL;DR: The cellular morphology of these cells was studied as a function of time by freeze-fracture electron microscopy, which provided information on changes in membrane ultrastructure and revealed large and small PHA granules in slowly and rapidly growing cells, respectively.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that surfactants can alter the rate of fluorescein diacetate uptake into yeast cells and proposed that this involves changes in membrane permeability, independently of changes in both membrane and soluble cell protein profiles.

TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis of butyl laurate from butanol and lauric acid has been examined in near-critical carbon dioxide using a crude lipase enzyme (Candida Lipase B).

TL;DR: Repeated esterifications of Ac-Tyr-OH in acetonitrile by a CP-immobilized CT gave almost constant yields of the ester for more than 3 weeks.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss technical factors which have an impact on prospects for new butanol fermentation capacity, and the characteristics of c. acetobutylicum and the inhibition of cellular growth and butanol production caused by butanol, are discussed together with approaches to moderate butanol toxicity.

TL;DR: Glycosylated enzyme obtained via the cyanogen bromide activation method was found to show better stability compared to the other route, and enhancement in thermal stability was observed and the cause(s) of carbohydrate-induced protein stabilization was looked into.

TL;DR: Whole cells of Bakers' yeast were permeabilized to a number of low-molecular-weight compounds by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide by finding that the activities of intracellular enzymes—Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases (G6PDH), and hexokinase—Are significantly higher in the permeabilization cells and also greater than those in the cell-free extract.

TL;DR: In this paper, a celite-immobilized Pseudomonas lipase was used to catalyse the alcoholysis of triglycerides with long-chain fatty acids in ethanol and isopropanol to yield the respective esters at room temperature.

TL;DR: In this article, the production of lactic acid from deproteinized whey by immobilized Lactobacillus casei and Lactococcus lactis cells and coimmobilized L. casei cells in calcium alginate, κ-carrageenan, agar, and polyacrylamide gels was investigated.

TL;DR: Design modifications of 9-L airlift and 9-l column-mesh bioreactors permitted the easy inoculation and evenly distributed growth of “hairy root” cultures of Trigonella foenum-graecum and Nicotiana rustica.

TL;DR: The sugars in extracts of dates were converted into ethanol by S. cerevisiae and the subsequent production of acetic acid from the fermented date juice was conducted with Acetobacter aceti, with results more than eight times better than that of a batch process.