Showing papers in "Enzyme and Microbial Technology in 1995"

TL;DR: This article reviews the important industrial uses of starch and starch processing in industry and discusses the main enzymes involved in starch degradation, commercially available amylolytic enzymes, thermostable enzymes from mesophilic and thermophilic microorganisms, and microbial fermentation systems used in amymolytic enzyme biosynthesis.

TL;DR: Where the productivity of the desired metabolites is limited by the lack of particular precursor, biotransformation using an exogenous supply of biosynthetic precursors may improve the accumulation of compounds.

TL;DR: Results from continuous assays agree with those obtained from batch assays, and sodium concentrations causing 50% inhibition may be increased by 4 to 10 g l −1 or more when sea water is used instead of NaCl.

TL;DR: No one isolate proved to be best for all dyes, and some were poor in most tests, but Phanerochaete chrysosporium was among the least effective of the isolates.

TL;DR: The application of lipases for the production of monoacylglycerols is reviewed in this article, where reaction systems ranging from organic solvents to reverse micelles and solid-phase systems are covered, including examples for the continuous production of partial glycerides.

TL;DR: In this paper, a variety of biological gas desulphurization processes have been proposed, based on the inherent differences in nutritional requirements and abilities to catalyze specific reactions, different process schemes have been established and investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, a strategy to obtain intramolecular crosslinking is discussed, which consisted of three consecutive steps to direct the reaction to the formation of intramolescular crosslinks: (a) enzyme are partially modified with the bifunctional reagent in a very controlled fashion; (b) the excess of reagent is removed; and (c) the modified enzyme is incubated long-term to allow a crosslink reaction without the competition of additional single point modifications.

TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of the test ions to displace preloaded borderline metals ions from the biomass increased with increasing covalent index, except for Pb 2+, which totally displaced the preloaded Sr 2+.

TL;DR: An adsorption-based kinetic model was sought that accurately predicts simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of insoluble lignocellulosic substrates in batch and continuous reactors and is successful over a four-fold range of enzyme loadings and a 12.8-foldrange of substrate concentrations.

TL;DR: The diverse configurations observed in amperometric biosensors can be attributed to the manipulation of several interrelated elements in the construction of these devices, and approaches taken and the factors influencing the choice of the approaches are identified.

TL;DR: In this article, solid-state, high-resolution, carbon-13 cross-polarization/magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/MAS NMR) and Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to study the degradation carried out by microorganisms on plant cell walls.

TL;DR: The oxidization bySBP, and to a lesser extent by HRP, of veratryl alcohol directly in the presence of H2O2 is the first reported case of plant peroxidases catalyzing the efficient oxidation of high oxidation potential nonphenolics and demonstrates that SBP may be an effective alternative to lignin per oxidase.

TL;DR: The effect of a wide variety of compounds was studied to enhance the thermal stability of the protease by modification of its microenvironment and addition of Ca2+ or glycine was effective in increasing the half-life of the enzyme three-fold.

TL;DR: A cellulase hyperproducing mutant, whose enzyme is more resistant to catabolite repression by glucose and cellobiose, was isolated and enhancement in cellulase yields and hydrolytic potential was achieved.

TL;DR: Results indicate that increasing the starch ester group chain length necessitates lower levels of substitution to achieve substantial biologic degradation of the polymer.

TL;DR: Different effluent streams of a small pulp mill utilizing agriresidues were characterized for their pollution load and were decolorized with the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor strain B7, allowing its use in large amounts and eliminating the problem of recycling the biomass.

TL;DR: It was possible to identify combinations resulting in the utilization of molasses as the best carbon source and enhancing enzyme activity approximately 40-fold, and work identified CaCO3 as a particularly strong inducer of glucose oxidase activity.

TL;DR: Two different expression systems were developed for expression of the cDNA encoding human basic fibroblast growth factor using Escherichia coli TGl as host organism and IPTG-dependent induction yielded exclusively soluble bFGF.

TL;DR: In this article, a polyester of 46,400 g mol−1 (degree of polymerization = 184) was obtained when 0.51 m (46 g l−1) 1,4-butanediol in diphenyl ether for 168 h (7 days) with 36.5% M. miehei lipase powder.

TL;DR: In this paper, the β-glucosidase-catalyzed synthesis of n-alkyl-β- d -glucose through condensation of glucose and n-alcohols with alkyl chain lengths of 6 to 12 was carried out in a biphasic system, where the organic phase consisted only of an alcohol substrate.

TL;DR: An overview is given of studies with immobilized nitrifying cells, with special attention to model development and evaluation, and several techniques for evaluation are given, including macroscopic substrate consumption rates and local analyses in the support material.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used unbeaten, beaten, and recycled softwood pulps as substrates to assess the various substrate characteristics that may influence the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose.

TL;DR: Carbon flux through the central metabolic pathways of C .

TL;DR: In this article, the use of Triton X-45 did not assist the degradation of the insoluble substrate, as it did with commonly applied emulsions of liquid substrates.

TL;DR: Lipase activity produced during cultivation of Fusarium oxysporum f.

TL;DR: The sugars produced on hydrolysis of starch had the α-configuration, but no oligosaccharide higher than maltotetraose was obtained at any stage during starch hydrolyses.

TL;DR: Chitosan was readily depolymerized by a wheat germ lipase preparation, from approximately 700,000 to 13,000 D, as shown by the viscosity decrease of its lactate solutions, gel permeation chromatography, electrophoresis, and titration of reducing sugars as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: High-density cultivation of Perilla frutescens cells for anthocyanin production was carried out in both batch and fed-batch modes in a 500-ml shake flask and both initial sucrose concentration and inoculum size showed a conspicuous effect on the kinetics of cell growth, sugar consumption, and secondary metabolite (anthocyanins) production by suspended P. frutecens cells.

TL;DR: In this article, a series of microporous membranes and polymer films were examined for mass transfer performance in the membrane-based extraction of propionic and acetic acids, and a range of organic solvents and acid-complexing carriers was screened for toxic effects on a strain of Propionibacterium acidipropionici.

TL;DR: It was shown that SSF could be performed successfully under nonsterile conditions; however, the substrate and SSF medium must be sterilized prior to SSF.